2012ApJ...749...47L

We used the Very Long Baseline Array and the European VLBI Network to perform phase-referenced very long baseline interferometry observations of the three most powerful maser transitions associated with the high-mass star-forming region G28.87+0.07: the 22.2 GHz H₂O, 6.7 GHz CH₃OH, and 1.665 GHz OH lines. We also performed Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the radio continuum emission at 1.3 and 3.6 cm and Subaru observations of the continuum emission at 24.5 µm. Two centimeter-continuum sources are detected and one of them (named hot molecular core (HMC)) is compact and placed at the center of the observed distribution of H₂O, CH₃OH, and OH masers. The bipolar distribution of line-of-sight velocities and the pattern of the proper motions suggest that the water masers are driven by a (proto)stellar jet interacting with the dense circumstellar gas. The same jet could both excite the centimeter-continuum source named HMC (interpreted as free-free emission from shocked gas) and power the molecular outflow observed at larger scales–although one cannot exclude that the free-free continuum is rather originating from a hypercompact H II region. At 24.5 µm, we identify two objects separated along the north-south direction, whose absolute positions agree with those of the two VLA continuum sources. We establish that ∼90% of the luminosity of the region (∼2x10⁵ L_☉) is coming from the radio source HMC, which confirms the existence of an embedded massive young stellar object exciting the masers and possibly still undergoing heavy accretion from the surrounding envelope.