2012MNRAS.420.2120M

Query : 2012MNRAS.420.2120M

2012MNRAS.420.2120M - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 420, 2120-2138 (2012/March-1)

X-ray–optical classification of cluster mergers and the evolution of the cluster merger fraction.

MANN A.W. and EBELING H.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the results of a simple but robust morphological classification of a statistically complete sample of 108 of the most X-ray-luminous clusters at 0.15 ≤ z ≤ 0.7 observed with Chandra. Our aims are to (a) identify the most disturbed massive clusters to be used as gravitational lenses for studies of the distant Universe and as probes of particle acceleration mechanisms resulting in non-thermal radio emission; (b) find cluster mergers featuring subcluster trajectories that make them suitable for quantitative analyses of cluster collisions; and (c) constrain the evolution with redshift of the cluster merger fraction. Finally, (d) this paper represents the third public release of clusters from the MAssive Cluster Survey sample, adding 24 clusters to the 46 published previously. To classify clusters by the degree of relaxation, we use the projected offset of the brightest cluster galaxy from the peak (or the global centroid) of the X-ray emission as a measure of the segregation between the intracluster gas and dark matter, and also perform a visual assessment of the optical and X-ray morphology on all scales. Regarding (a), we identify 10 complex systems likely to have undergone multiple merger events in the recent past. Regarding (b), we identify 11 systems likely to be post-collision, binary, head-on mergers (BHOMs), as well as another six mergers that are possible BHOMs but probably harder to interpret because of non-negligible impact parameters and merger axes closer to our line of sight. Regarding (c), we find a highly significant increase with redshift in the fraction of morphologically disturbed clusters (and thus a clear decrease in the number of fully relaxed systems) starting at z ∼ 0.4, in spite of a detection bias in our sample against very disturbed systems at high redshift. Since our morphological diagnostics are all based on imaging data and thus sensitive to projection effects, the measured merger fractions should be considered lower limits and our list of mergers incomplete, as we are likely to miss systems forming along axes close to our line of sight. A larger sample of clusters with high-quality X-ray data in particular at high redshift will be needed to trace the evolutionary history of cluster growth and relaxation closer to the primary epoch of cluster formation z ∼ 1.

Abstract Copyright: 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society2012 RAS

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: clusters: general - cosmology: observations - X-rays: galaxies: clusters

Simbad objects: 111

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Number of rows : 111
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 ACT-CL J0011.7-1523 ClG 00 11 42.9 -15 23 22           ~ 39 0
2 ACO 2744 ClG 00 14 20.03 -30 23 17.8           ~ 1077 0
3 ClG 0016+16 ClG 00 18 33.3 +16 26 36           ~ 517 0
4 MCS J0025.4-1222 ClG 00 25 29.381 -12 22 37.06           ~ 151 0
5 ACT-CL J0035.4-2015 ClG 00 35 26.5 -20 15 46           ~ 52 0
6 ACO 2813 ClG 00 43 22.8 -20 37 21           ~ 111 0
7 ZwCl 0104+0048 ClG 01 06 50.5 +01 04 10           ~ 67 0
8 MCS J0111.5+0855 ClG 01 11 31.4 +08 55 41           ~ 15 0
9 ACO 209 ClG 01 31 52.9 -13 36 53           ~ 326 0
10 ACT-CL J0140.0-0554 ClG 01 40 00.823 -05 55 02.75           ~ 30 0
11 ClG J0152-1358 ClG 01 52 41.3 -13 58 13           ~ 262 3
12 ACT-CL J0159.0-3413 ClG 01 59 00.3 -34 13 00           ~ 33 0
13 ACT-CL J0159.8-0849 ClG 01 59 49.4 -08 50 00           ~ 98 0
14 ClG J0242-2132 ClG 02 42 35.9 -21 32 26           ~ 55 0
15 ACT-CL J0257.1-2325 ClG 02 57 09.151 -23 26 05.83           ~ 80 0
16 ACO 402 ClG 02 57 41.33 -22 09 14.4           ~ 62 0
17 ACO 3088 ClG 03 07 02.12 -28 39 57.3           ~ 78 0
18 MCS J0308.9+2645 ClG 03 08 55.9 +26 45 38           ~ 48 0
19 MCS J0326.8-0043 ClG 03 26 49.0 -00 43 41           ~ 10 0
20 RX J0329.6-0211 ClG 03 29 41.6 -02 11 47           ~ 155 0
21 ACT-CL J0331.1-2100 ClG 03 31 06.0 -21 00 34           ~ 36 0
22 ACO 3192 ClG 03 58 54.045 -29 55 31.41           ~ 58 0
23 ACT-CL J0404.6+1108 ClG 04 04 37.4 +11 09 57           ~ 36 0
24 MCS J0416.1-2403 ClG 04 16 08.380 -24 04 20.80           ~ 425 0
25 ACT-CL J0417.5-1154 ClG 04 17 34.6 -11 54 32           ~ 116 0
26 ClG J0429-0253 ClG 04 29 36.0 -02 53 09           ~ 131 0
27 ACT-CL J0437.1+0043 ClG 04 37 12.0820 +00 43 37.737           ~ 47 0
28 ACT-CL J0438.9+0716 ClG 04 39 00.7 +07 15 45           ~ 62 0
29 ClG J0451+0006 ClG 04 51 54.6 +00 06 19           ~ 57 0
30 ACO 521 ClG 04 54 08.6 -10 14 39           ~ 279 0
31 ACO 520 ClG 04 54 10.1 +02 55 38           ~ 465 0
32 ClG 0451-03 ClG 04 54 10.9 -03 01 07     20.0     ~ 368 0
33 MCS J0455.2+0657 ClG 04 55 17.4 +06 57 47           ~ 11 0
34 ACT-CL J0520.7-1328 ClG 05 20 42.0 -13 28 49           ~ 39 0
35 ACT-CL J0546.9-3904 ClG 05 47 01.5 -39 04 28           ~ 37 0
36 ACT-CL J0553.4-3342 ClG 05 53 27.200 -33 42 53.02           ~ 74 0
37 ClG J0647+7015 ClG 06 47 50.0 +70 14 55           ~ 177 0
38 ClG 0657-56 ClG 06 58 26.9 -55 58 21           ~ 1077 1
39 ClG J0717+3745 ClG 07 17 36.50 +37 45 23.0           ~ 511 0
40 ACO 586 ClG 07 32 20.3 +31 37 58           ~ 196 0
41 ZwCl 0735+7421 ClG 07 41 40.3 +74 14 58     17.70     ~ 273 0
42 ClG J0744+3927 ClG 07 44 52.5 +39 27 30           ~ 189 0
43 ACO 661 ClG 08 27 15 +53 08.1           ~ 8 0
44 ACO 665 ClG 08 30 45.2 +65 52 55           ~ 457 0
45 ACO 697 ClG 08 42 57.6 +36 21 45           ~ 277 0
46 ZwCl 0847+3617 ClG 08 50 12.0 +36 03 36           ~ 75 0
47 ACT-CL J0911.1+1746 ClG 09 11 11.277 +17 46 31.94           ~ 79 0
48 RXC J0913.7+4056 ClG 09 13 46.0 +40 56 20           ~ 71 0
49 ACO 773 ClG 09 17 51.3 +51 43 20           ~ 308 0
50 ClG J0947+7623 ClG 09 46 59.916 +76 23 43.99           ~ 165 0
51 NVSS J094712+762312 Rad 09 47 12.37 +76 23 09.3           ~ 151 1
52 ZwCl 0947+1723 ClG 09 49 51.8 +17 07 05           ~ 92 0
53 ACO 907 ClG 09 58 21.84 -11 03 47.5           ~ 137 0
54 MCS J1006.9+3200 ClG 10 06 55.7 +31 59 34           ~ 23 0
55 ZwCl 1021+0426 ClG 10 23 39.0 +04 11 14   15.6 17.95     ~ 297 0
56 ACO 3444 ClG 10 23 53.1540 -27 15 07.840           ~ 97 0
57 MCS J1105.7-1014 ClG 11 05 46.4 -10 14 37           ~ 9 0
58 ACT-CL J1108.9+0906 ClG 11 08 55.3 +09 06 01           ~ 23 0
59 ClG J1115+5319 ClG 11 15 14.8 +53 19 54           ~ 56 0
60 MCS J1115.8+0129 ClG 11 15 52.1 +01 29 53           ~ 142 0
61 ACO 1300 ClG 11 32 00.7 -19 53 34           ~ 168 0
62 MCS J1149.5+2223 ClG 11 49 35.8 +22 23 55           ~ 546 0
63 MCS J1206.2-0847 ClG 12 06 12.2 -08 48 02           ~ 286 0
64 MCS J1226.8+2153 ClG 12 26 51.69 +21 52 25.4           ~ 33 0
65 ACO 1682 ClG 13 06 49.7 +46 32 59           ~ 149 1
66 ClG J1311-0311 ClG 13 11 01.7 -03 10 38           ~ 120 0
67 ACO 1689 ClG 13 11 29.5 -01 20 28           ~ 1178 0
68 ACO 1722 ClG 13 20 08.3 +70 04 33           ~ 63 0
69 ACO 1758 ClG 13 32 32.1 +50 30 37           ~ 266 2
70 ACO 1763 ClG 13 35 20.1 +41 00 04           ~ 335 0
71 ClG J1347-1145 ClG 13 47 30.5 -11 45 07           ~ 577 0
72 MCS J1359.1-1929 ClG 13 59 09.0 -19 29 07           ~ 13 0
73 ACO 1835 ClG 14 01 02.07 +02 52 43.2           ~ 727 1
74 ClG J1411+5211 ClG 14 11 24.4 +52 12 38     20.11     ~ 122 3
75 ClG J1423+2404 ClG 14 23 47.7 +24 04 40           ~ 231 0
76 ACO 1914 ClG 14 25 57.4 +37 49 54           ~ 338 0
77 MCS J1427.3+4408 ClG 14 27 16.2 +44 07 31           ~ 34 0
78 MCS J1427.6-2521 ClG 14 27 39.4 -25 21 02           ~ 27 0
79 ACT-CL J1447.4+0828 ClG 14 47 25.0 +08 27 32           ~ 43 0
80 ACO 1995 ClG 14 52 55.0 +58 02 59           ~ 140 0
81 ZwCl 1455+2232 ClG 14 57 15.2 +22 20 30     18.62 20.04   ~ 309 0
82 ACO S 780 ClG 14 59 29.1 -18 10 45           ~ 93 0
83 ZwCl 1459+4240 ClG 15 01 23.0 +42 20 47           ~ 61 0
84 [VV2006] J150407.5-024816 Bla 15 04 07.51896914 -02 48 16.6232484   18.53 18.08     ~ 60 2
85 LEDA 1900245 Bla 15 32 53.780 +30 20 59.41   19.1   15.7 17.819 ~ 155 1
86 ACO 2146 ClG 15 56 04.7 +66 20 24           ~ 192 0
87 ACO 2163 ClG 16 15 46.1 -06 08 50           ~ 586 0
88 ClG J1621+3810 ClG 16 21 25.5 +38 09 43           ~ 83 0
89 ACO 2204 ClG 16 32 47.7 +05 34 18           ~ 457 0
90 ACO 2219 ClG 16 40 22.1 +46 42 20           ~ 381 0
91 ClG J1720+2638 ClG 17 20 09.6 +26 37 35           ~ 284 0
92 ClG J1720+3536 ClG 17 20 16.8 +35 36 27           ~ 150 1
93 ACO 2261 ClG 17 22 26.9 +32 07 58           ~ 370 0
94 MCS J1731.6+2252 ClG 17 31 39.2 +22 51 50           ~ 48 0
95 ClG J1931-2635 ClG 19 31 49.6 -26 34 33           ~ 181 0
96 ACT-CL J2014.8-2430 ClG 20 14 49.7 -24 30 30           ~ 93 0
97 ACT-CL J2046.0-3430 ClG 20 46 00.1 -34 30 12           ~ 24 0
98 ACT-CL J2049.9-3217 ClG 20 49 56.2 -32 16 52           ~ 22 0
99 ClG J2129-0741 ClG 21 29 26.0 -07 41 28           ~ 189 0
100 ClG J2129+0005 ClG 21 29 40.5 +00 05 47           ~ 308 0
101 ClG 2137-2353 ClG 21 40 12.8 -23 39 27     18.5     ~ 390 0
102 ACO 2390 ClG 21 53 37.4 +17 41 46           ~ 732 2
103 ACT-CL J2211.7-0349 ClG 22 11 44.8 -03 49 33           ~ 96 0
104 ACT-CL J2214.9-1359 ClG 22 14 57.3 -14 00 12           ~ 100 0
105 BAX 337.1433+20.6131 ClG 22 28 32.6 +20 37 08           ~ 132 0
106 ClG J2229-2756 ClG 22 29 45.36 -27 55 36.5           ~ 50 0
107 ClG J2243-0935 ClG 22 43 21.1 -09 35 43           ~ 96 0
108 MCS J2245.0+2637 ClG 22 45 04.5 +26 38 07           ~ 40 0
109 ACO 2552 ClG 23 11 31.7 +03 37 44           ~ 87 0
110 ACO 2631 ClG 23 37 40.7 +00 16 35           ~ 183 0
111 ACO 2667 ClG 23 51 39.37 -26 05 02.7           ~ 190 0

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