2013ApJ...764..174F


Query : 2013ApJ...764..174F

2013ApJ...764..174F - Astrophys. J., 764, 174 (2013/February-3)

The molecular gas density in galaxy centers and how it connects to bulges.

FISHER D.B., BOLATTO A., DRORY N., COMBES F., BLITZ L. and WONG T.

Abstract (from CDS):

In this paper we present gas density, star formation rate (SFR), stellar masses, and bulge-disk decompositions for a sample of 60 galaxies. Our sample is the combined sample of the BIMA SONG, CARMA STING, and PdBI NUGA surveys. We study the effect of using CO-to-H2 conversion factors that depend on the CO surface brightness, and also that of correcting SFRs for diffuse emission from old stellar populations. We estimate that SFRs in bulges are typically lower by 20% when correcting for diffuse emission. Using the surface brightness dependent conversion factor, we find that over half of the galaxies in our sample have Σmol> 100 M☉/pc2. Though our sample is not complete in any sense, our results are enough to rule out the assumption that bulges are uniformly gas-poor systems. We find a trend between gas density of bulges and bulge Sérsic index; bulges with lower Sérsic index have higher gas density. Those bulges with low Sérsic index (pseudobulges) have gas fractions that are similar to that of disks. Conversely, the typical molecular gas fraction in classical bulges is more similar to that of an elliptical galaxy. We also find that there is a strong correlation between bulges with the highest gas surface density and the galaxy being barred. However, we also find that classical bulges with low gas surface density can be barred as well. Our results suggest that understanding the connection between the central surface density of gas in disk galaxies and the presence of bars should also take into account the total gas content of the galaxy. Finally, we show that when using the corrected SFRs and gas densities, the correlation between SFR surface density and gas surface density of bulges is similar to that of disks. This implies that at the scale of the bulges the timescale for converting gas into stars is comparable to those results found in disks.

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Journal keyword(s): galaxies: evolution - galaxies: ISM - galaxies: nuclei - galaxies: spiral - galaxies: structure

Simbad objects: 70

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Number of rows : 70
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
2 NGC 337 EmG 00 59 50.090 -07 34 40.66 11.97 12.06 11.61 12.4 12.2 ~ 297 2
3 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
4 M 74 G 01 36 41.7451236624 +15 47 01.107512304 10.52 10.00 9.46 9.16   ~ 1934 1
5 NGC 772 GiP 01 59 19.5557148984 +19 00 27.475677216 11.35 11.09 10.31 10.23 9.38 ~ 339 1
6 NGC 925 H2G 02 27 16.913 +33 34 43.97   10.69 10.12 9.55   ~ 818 1
7 M 77 Sy2 02 42 40.7091669408 -00 00 47.859690204 9.70 9.61 8.87 10.1 9.9 ~ 4897 2
8 NGC 1156 GiG 02 59 42.8528847264 +25 14 28.352017320 12.13 12.32 11.74     ~ 323 1
9 IC 342 AGN 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1579 1
10 NGC 1569 rG 04 30 49.186 +64 50 52.52 11.72 11.86 11.03     ~ 1297 3
11 NGC 1637 Sy2 04 41 28.1926876152 -02 51 28.667815488   11.4   11.0 11.3 ~ 444 0
12 NGC 1961 LIN 05 42 04.6327819680 +69 22 42.411028872   11.73 10.99     ~ 362 3
13 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
14 NGC 2681 LIN 08 53 32.7183058512 +51 18 49.159212120 11.40 11.09 10.29     ~ 332 1
15 NGC 2782 Sy2 09 14 05.11967 +40 06 49.6800 12.29 12.30 11.63     ~ 494 3
16 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1113 1
17 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
18 NGC 2976 GiG 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 712 1
19 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4725 3
20 NGC 3147 Sy2 10 16 53.6388580752 +73 24 02.641798224   11.43 10.61     ~ 533 2
21 NGC 3180 GiG 10 18 16.985 +41 25 27.77   10.4       ~ 777 0
22 NGC 3198 EmG 10 19 54.990 +45 32 58.88 10.83 10.87 10.33     ~ 946 1
23 NGC 3344 EmG 10 43 31.150 +24 55 19.99 10.38 10.54 9.86 9.71   ~ 434 1
24 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1238 2
25 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 862 1
26 NGC 3486 Sy2 11 00 23.946 +28 58 29.35 10.89 11.11 10.53 10.40   ~ 373 1
27 NGC 3521 EmG 11 05 48.5680991376 -00 02 09.245076540 10.06 9.83 9.02 10.1 9.6 ~ 879 2
28 NGC 3593 GiG 11 14 36.9731893800 +12 49 05.497790664   11.8       ~ 376 2
29 M 66 AGN 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1509 4
30 NGC 3718 Sy2 11 32 34.8571790688 +53 04 04.520222040   11.35 10.61     ~ 408 1
31 NGC 3726 G 11 33 21.1367545656 +47 01 45.280222428   11.11   10.02   ~ 374 0
32 NGC 3938 GiG 11 52 49.4335936248 +44 07 14.697085116 10.80 10.90 10.38     ~ 566 1
33 NGC 3949 GiC 11 53 41.7311041896 +47 51 31.401451476   10.9       ~ 351 1
34 NGC 3953 GiG 11 53 49.0086582552 +52 19 36.475395312   11.08   9.71   ~ 380 0
35 M 109 GiG 11 57 35.9631479640 +53 22 29.006082336   10.94   9.57   ~ 483 0
36 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 1004 2
37 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2512 4
38 NGC 4273 H2G 12 19 56.063 +05 20 36.12   12.3       ~ 274 0
39 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 1084 1
40 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1963 2
41 NGC 4414 GiC 12 26 27.1276893168 +31 13 24.626206488 11.12 10.96 10.12     ~ 593 2
42 NGC 4450 LIN 12 28 29.5910654016 +17 05 05.976112020   10.90 10.08     ~ 587 2
43 NGC 4490 GiG 12 30 34.5 +41 38 26 10.03 10.22 9.79     ~ 616 3
44 NGC 4535 H2G 12 34 20.3443516704 +08 11 51.908488116   11.1       ~ 679 0
45 NGC 4536 H2G 12 34 27.12887 +02 11 16.3680 11.14 11.16 10.55 17.393   ~ 913 3
46 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 639 0
47 NGC 4559 H2G 12 35 57.6402869976 +27 57 35.859278160   10.46 10.01     ~ 667 1
48 M 90 Sy2 12 36 49.8009839880 +13 09 46.523813040 10.56 10.26 9.54     ~ 953 1
49 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.59747 +11 49 05.1240 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1140 2
50 NGC 4605 GiG 12 39 59.2837284936 +61 36 32.822365392   10.94   10.35   ~ 347 2
51 NGC 4654 H2G 12 43 56.638 +13 07 34.86   11.8       ~ 600 1
52 NGC 4699 EmG 12 49 02.186 -08 39 51.49   10.8   10.01 10.3 ~ 226 0
53 NGC 4725 Sy2 12 50 26.5716367992 +25 30 02.733090588   13.45 12.44     ~ 727 2
54 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1476 2
55 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 1010 2
56 NGC 5005 LIN 13 10 56.312 +37 03 32.19   14.67 13.67     ~ 567 2
57 NGC 5033 Sy2 13 13 27.535 +36 35 37.14   11.01 12.03 9.73   ~ 909 1
58 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1292 2
59 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
60 NGC 5248 G 13 37 32.0145074088 +08 53 06.496982448   11.4       ~ 554 0
61 NGC 5247 EmG 13 38 03.0183262176 -17 53 02.645511252   10.77   9.96 10.5 ~ 228 0
62 NGC 5390 LIN 13 55 39.9385716624 +40 27 42.380606592   12.81 11.93 10.04   ~ 373 1
63 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
64 NGC 5713 GiG 14 40 11.528 -00 17 21.16 11.88 11.84 11.20     ~ 421 2
65 NGC 5953 Sy2 15 34 32.40240 +15 11 37.7990   13.23 12.45     ~ 389 1
66 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
67 NGC 6574 GiG 18 11 51.2465713056 +14 58 54.747570108   12.5       ~ 182 0
68 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
69 NGC 6951 Sy2 20 37 14.1228088488 +66 06 20.049916392   11.64 10.65     ~ 553 2
70 NGC 7217 LIN 22 07 52.3984675584 +31 21 33.632293572   12.94 11.92     ~ 511 0

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