2013MNRAS.436.2852B

Query : 2013MNRAS.436.2852B

2013MNRAS.436.2852B - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 436, 2852-2863 (2013/December-2)

Constraining globular cluster formation through studies of young massive clusters - I. A lack of ongoing star formation within young clusters.

BASTIAN N., CABRERA-ZIRI I., DAVIES B. and LARSEN S.S.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a survey of 130 Galactic and extragalactic young massive clusters (YMCs, 104 < M/M☉ < 108, 10 < t/Myr < 1000) with integrated spectroscopy or resolved stellar photometry (40 presented here and 90 from the literature) and use the sample to search for evidence of ongoing star formation within the clusters. Such episodes of secondary (or continuous) star formation are predicted by models that attempt to explain the observed chemical and photometric anomalies observed in globular clusters as being due to the formation of a second stellar population within an existing first population. Additionally, studies that have claimed extended star formation histories within Large/Small Magellanic Cloud intermediate-age clusters (1-2Gyr), also imply that many YMCs should show ongoing star formation. Based on visual inspection of the spectra and/or the colour-magnitude diagrams, we do not find evidence for ongoing star formation within any of the clusters, and use this to place constraints on the above models. Models of continuous star formation within clusters, lasting for hundreds of Myr, are ruled out at high significance (unless stellar initial mass function variations are invoked). Models for the (nearly instantaneous) formation of a secondary population within an existing first generation are not favoured, but are not formally discounted due to the finite sampling of age/mass-space.

Abstract Copyright: © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2013)

Journal keyword(s): open clusters and associations: general - galaxies: star clusters: general

Simbad objects: 130

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Number of rows : 130
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 17 Sy2 00 11 06.612 -12 06 28.33   14.14 13.52     ~ 369 1
2 [SS2007] 2 Cl* 00 11 06.903 -12 06 31.55   20.18 20.04   19.33 ~ 3 0
3 [SS2007] 1 Cl* 00 11 06.997 -12 06 21.76   19.45 19.38   18.77 ~ 11 0
4 Bol 314 GlC 00 39 44.59 +40 14 07.9 18.456 18.341 17.770 17.405 16.942 ~ 31 1
5 Bol 315 GlC 00 39 48.570 +40 31 30.45 16.304 16.581 16.090 15.755 15.298 ~ 54 1
6 NAME VDB0 Cl* 00 40 29.385 +40 36 15.20 14.957 14.94 15.288 15.056 14.701 ~ 45 2
7 Bol 49 GlC 00 41 45.57 +40 49 55.0 18.519 18.284 17.724 17.354 16.874 ~ 39 1
8 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
9 Bol 367 GlC 00 44 47.1952661535 +42 05 32.601974266 18.506 18.508 18.078 17.810 17.276 ~ 29 1
10 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
11 NGC 330 Cl* 00 56 18.55 -72 27 45.1 9.37 9.76 9.55   8.89 ~ 445 0
12 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
13 [LB2002] n1023-4 GlC 02 40 36.956 +39 03 28.21           ~ 3 0
14 NGC 1023A GiG 02 40 37.1 +39 03 33       14.52   ~ 52 1
15 [LB2002] n1023-3 GlC 02 40 37.895 +39 03 31.50           ~ 3 0
16 [DSB2004] 6 Cl* 02 54 33.058 -10 01 42.67           ~ 2 0
17 NGC 1140 AGN 02 54 33.5271666624 -10 01 43.142143908 12.41 12.84 12.49 13.6 13.5 ~ 303 1
18 [SL2011] NGC 1313 3 7 Cl* 03 17 47.7628282920 -66 30 18.655595316 17.75 18.26 18.13   17.53 ~ 8 0
19 NGC 1313 AG? 03 18 16.046 -66 29 53.74   10.06 10.0 9.40 10.4 ~ 723 2
20 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
21 NAME NGC 1569 CL* B Cl* 04 30 49.0 +64 50 53           ~ 77 0
22 NGC 1569 rG 04 30 49.186 +64 50 52.52 11.72 11.86 11.03     ~ 1297 3
23 [BHE2002] NGC 1705 1 Cl* 04 54 08.62 -53 21 22.7           ~ 5 0
24 NGC 1705 Sy2 04 54 13.4661493464 -53 21 39.471592428 12.32 12.96 12.56 12.58 12.9 ~ 692 1
25 NGC 1856 Cl* 05 09 30.290 -69 07 45.08   10.40 10.06     ~ 163 0
26 NGC 1866 GlC 05 13 38.920 -65 27 52.75           ~ 437 0
27 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
28 RMC 136 Cl* 05 38 42.396 -69 06 03.36   5.81 5.40     ~ 2236 2
29 [L2004] n2835-622 Cl* 09 17 50.74 -22 22 00.7   19.7 19.54     ~ 3 0
30 NGC 2835 EmG 09 17 52.8523921416 -22 21 16.839119700   11.03   10.32 10.9 ~ 285 0
31 [L99] n2997-696 Cl* 09 45 28.50 -31 10 59.8   19.38 19.26     ~ 2 0
32 [L99] n2997-645 Cl* 09 45 33.40 -31 11 20.9   18.31 18.28     ~ 2 0
33 [L99] n2997-836 Cl* 09 45 33.80 -31 10 01.8   18.11 17.96     ~ 2 0
34 [L99] n2997-405 Cl* 09 45 35.12 -31 13 10.1   18.64 18.57     ~ 2 0
35 NGC 2997 GiG 09 45 38.7542237472 -31 11 27.345810192   9.97 9.41 8.84 9.9 ~ 454 1
36 [L2004] n2997-715 Cl* 09 45 40.63 -31 10 50.8   17.61 17.67     ~ 3 0
37 [L99] n2997-648 Cl* 09 45 44.18 -31 11 14.6   19.39 19.31     ~ 2 0
38 [L99] n2997-679 Cl* 09 45 47.01 -31 11 05.3   17.03 16.98     ~ 2 0
39 [L99] n2997-693 Cl* 09 45 48.92 -31 10 54.9   17.28 17.27     ~ 2 0
40 [L99] n2997-690 Cl* 09 45 51.34 -31 10 56.3   20.08 20.15     ~ 2 0
41 [LHL2013] 365 GlC 09 55 41.83 +69 40 22.1 21.745 21.07 19.897   18.55 ~ 3 0
42 [LHL2013] 400 GlC 09 55 43.5965352528 +69 40 22.725824412 21.838 21.11 19.294   18.14 ~ 3 0
43 [KBS2008] 43.2 GlC 09 55 46.5277362192 +69 40 43.299510672 19.886 19.90 18.593   18.35 ~ 4 0
44 [SWG2006] F Cl* 09 55 47.08 +69 40 42.3   17.61 16.50   14.94 ~ 62 0
45 MGG 11 Cl* 09 55 50.2 +69 40 45           ~ 72 0
46 [KBS2008] 58 Cl* 09 55 50.27 +69 40 35.0   20.25 19.72   18.75 ~ 2 0
47 MGG 9 Cl* 09 55 50.5 +69 40 45           ~ 27 0
48 M 82 AGN 09 55 52.430 +69 40 46.93 9.61 9.30 8.41     ~ 6156 6
49 [KBS2008] 78.1 Cl* 09 55 52.64 +69 40 46.9   21.16 20.76   19.50 ~ 2 0
50 [KBS2008] 78.2 Cl* 09 55 53.13 +69 40 49.1   20.43 19.36   16.89 ~ 2 0
51 [SWG2006] B2-1 GlC 09 55 54.5175859512 +69 41 01.040475660 20.357 19.04 17.699   16.40 ~ 12 0
52 [SBK2007] 25 GlC 09 55 55.65 +69 41 05.9 19.051 19.11 18.259   17.68 ~ 7 0
53 [KBS2008] 103.2 Cl* 09 55 57.04 +69 41 07.3   19.85 19.10   17.88 ~ 2 0
54 [LHL2013] 736 GlC 09 55 58.40 +69 41 08.7 21.717 20.97 19.543   18.65 ~ 6 0
55 [SBK2007] 1 GlC 09 56 03.39 +69 41 12.3 18.556 18.56 17.620   16.97 ~ 9 0
56 [LHL2013] 855 GlC 09 56 05.4133262760 +69 41 41.527823388 21.383 21.09 19.929   19.01 ~ 3 0
57 [SOY2005] M82 GCC B12 Cl* 09 56 12.50 +69 41 16.5   21.41 20.70   19.44 ~ 3 0
58 [TBS2007] T1149 Cl* 10 27 35.88 -43 52 51.1           ~ 2 0
59 [TBS2007] T1165 Cl* 10 27 37.88 -43 53 45.1           ~ 2 0
60 [TBS2007] T1127 Cl* 10 27 38.50 -43 54 19.9           ~ 2 0
61 [TBS2007] T1078 Cl* 10 27 48.960 -43 54 21.17           ~ 2 0
62 [TBS2007] T88 Cl* 10 27 49.130 -43 54 22.04           ~ 2 0
63 [TBS2007] T99 Cl* 10 27 49.720 -43 54 21.03           ~ 2 0
64 [TBS2007] T112 Cl* 10 27 50.560 -43 54 28.61           ~ 2 0
65 NGC 3256 Sy2 10 27 51.284 -43 54 13.55   11.83 11.33 10.62 11.9 ~ 920 2
66 [TBS2007] T661 Cl* 10 27 51.370 -43 54 09.22           ~ 2 0
67 NGC 3603 OpC 11 14 57.9 -61 14 32           ~ 1136 1
68 NGC 3621 Sy2 11 18 16.300 -32 48 45.36 10.10 9.44 9.56 8.07 10.1 ~ 661 3
69 [L2004] n3621-1275 Cl* 11 18 17.39 -32 47 57.9   18.23 18.03     ~ 3 0
70 [L2004] n3621-630 Cl* 11 18 19.44 -32 49 35.2   20.03 19.32     ~ 2 0
71 S96 1 Gl? 11 51 05.763 +55 04 42.39     22.17     ~ 5 0
72 S96 2 Gl? 11 51 06.633 +55 04 55.51     22.31     ~ 4 0
73 NGC 3921 LIN 11 51 06.8803989360 +55 04 43.414457484   13.4 12.64     ~ 260 1
74 [BTK2009] T395 Cl* 12 01 50.681 -18 51 26.00           ~ 2 0
75 [BTK2009] T299 Cl* 12 01 52.480 -18 53 20.20           ~ 2 0
76 [BTK2009] T296 Cl* 12 01 52.624 -18 53 33.80           ~ 2 0
77 NGC 4038 EmG 12 01 53.002 -18 52 03.32   10.91   9.74 11.0 ~ 1364 1
78 [BTK2009] T352 Cl* 12 01 53.022 -18 52 10.60           ~ 6 0
79 NAME Antennae IG 12 01 53.170 -18 52 37.92           ~ 1749 0
80 [BTK2009] T111 Cl* 12 01 53.379 -18 51 39.20           ~ 3 0
81 [BTK2009] T130 Cl* 12 01 55.360 -18 51 38.90           ~ 2 0
82 [BTK2009] T297 Cl* 12 02 00.112 -18 54 33.30           ~ 2 0
83 [BHE2002] NGC 4214 10 Cl* 12 15 37.22 +36 19 56.4           ~ 8 0
84 [BHE2002] NGC 4214 13 Cl* 12 15 38.16 +36 19 44.4           ~ 8 0
85 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
86 [ATA2011] 48 GlC 12 28 10.3100773008 +44 05 35.475763272 19.614 19.609 19.241   18.477 ~ 10 0
87 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1192 1
88 [GHG2001] 47 GlC 12 28 13.9522849608 +44 06 42.881267556 18.940 18.965 18.678   18.134 ~ 10 0
89 NGC 4676 IG 12 46 10.18 +30 43 53.7   14.1       ~ 318 0
90 [CBK2007] S1 Cl* 12 46 12.00 +30 43 02.5           ~ 3 0
91 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
92 [BGG2008] 3cl-a Cl* 13 29 55.5798 +47 11 50.884   18.686 18.633   18.006 ~ 7 0
93 [L2004] n5236-821 Cl* 13 36 38.27 -29 52 17.1   19.08 18.97     ~ 3 0
94 [L2004] n5236-599 Cl* 13 36 39.89 -29 53 02.5   20.36 19.88     ~ 2 0
95 [L2004] n5236-676 Cl* 13 36 40.27 -29 52 44.2   20.94 20.48     ~ 2 0
96 [L2004] n5236-254 Cl* 13 36 40.40 -29 54 46.9   18.23 17.9     ~ 6 0
97 [L2004] n5236-236 Cl* 13 36 42.36 -29 54 54.4   21.03 20.69     ~ 2 0
98 [L2004] n5236-487 Cl* 13 36 43.17 -29 53 26.1   19.59 19.33     ~ 4 0
99 [L2004] n5236-310 Cl* 13 36 44.30 -29 54 22.2   20.55 19.99     ~ 2 0
100 [L2004] n5236-515 Cl* 13 36 59.70 -29 53 17.1   19.37 19.35     ~ 2 0
101 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
102 [L99] n5236-1182 Cl* 13 37 01.28 -29 50 49.8   16.77 16.73     ~ 4 0
103 [L2004] n5236-429 Cl* 13 37 01.41 -29 53 37.6   20.09 19.96     ~ 2 0
104 [HLA2019b] M83-2 Cl* 13 37 01.8406131168 -29 52 13.394492436 16.14 16.37 16.14     ~ 22 0
105 [L2004] n5236-218 Cl* 13 37 02.360 -29 55 00.14 21.09 21.00 20.64   20.34 ~ 3 0
106 [L2004] n5236-367 Cl* 13 37 02.4246346608 -29 53 57.680262240   18.90 18.73   18.15 ~ 4 0
107 [WCK2011] 58 Cl* 13 37 02.8001 -29 52 35.571   19.51 19.17     ~ 4 0
108 [L99] n5236-1234 Cl* 13 37 04.58 -29 50 35.9   17.63 17.67     ~ 4 0
109 [L99] n5236-502 Cl* 13 37 06.12 -29 53 18.4     17.51     ~ 12 0
110 Cl Westerlund 1 OpC 16 47 02.4 -45 51 07           ~ 655 1
111 RSGC 1 OpC 18 37 58 -06 53.0           ~ 117 0
112 Cl Stephenson 2 OpC 18 39 20 -06 01.7           ~ 102 0
113 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
114 [WSL93] 3 GlC 22 20 43.878 -24 40 37.87     17.86     ~ 53 0
115 [WSL93] 6 GlC 22 20 44.135 -24 40 27.60     19.43     ~ 8 0
116 NGC 7252 AGN 22 20 44.7748209648 -24 40 41.909518200 12.26 12.46 12.06 11.57   ~ 720 1
117 [WSL93] 26 GlC 22 20 45.272 -24 40 32.30     20.30     ~ 8 0
118 [WSL93] 30 GlC 22 20 45.493 -24 40 49.36     19.39     ~ 16 0
119 [TKB2012] T113 Cl* 22 35 55.48 +33 57 10.6           ~ 2 0
120 NAME Stephan's Quintet CGG 22 35 57.5 +33 57 36           ~ 480 1
121 [TKB2012] T123 Cl* 22 35 59.31 +33 58 15.1           ~ 2 0
122 [TKB2012] T121 Cl* 22 35 59.77 +33 57 39.0           ~ 2 0
123 [TKB2012] T120 Cl* 22 36 00.03 +33 57 46.5           ~ 2 0
124 [TKB2012] T119 Cl* 22 36 00.41 +33 58 03.6           ~ 2 0
125 [TKB2012] T118 Cl* 22 36 08.77 +33 57 21.0           ~ 3 0
126 [TKB2012] T122 Cl* 22 36 10.25 +33 57 23.3           ~ 3 0
127 [L99] n7793-298 Cl* 23 57 35.880 -32 35 40.92 16.59 17.24 17.22   16.75 ~ 4 0
128 NGC 7793 GiG 23 57 49.7540045856 -32 35 27.701550744 10.26 9.74 9.28 9.06 9.7 ~ 1188 2
129 [HFS92] 1 GlC ~ ~   18.98 18.65     ~ 8 0
130 [OM78] L PoG ~ ~           ~ 3 0

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