2014ApJ...784...28K

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Query : 2014ApJ...784...28K

2014ApJ...784...28K - Astrophys. J., 784, 28 (2014/March-3)

The hunt for exomoons with Kepler (HEK). IV. A search for moons around eight M dwarfs.

KIPPING D.M., NESVORNY D., BUCHHAVE L.A., HARTMAN J., BAKOS G.A. and SCHMITT A.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): planetary systems - planets and satellites: detection - stars: individual (KIC 8845205, KIC 7603200, KIC 12066335, KIC 6497146, KIC 6425957, KIC 10027323, KIC 3966801, KIC 11187837, KOI-463, KOI-314, KOI-784, KOI-3284, KOI-663, KOI-1596, KOI-494, KOI-252) - techniques: photometric >%B With their smaller radii and high cosmic abundance, transiting planets around cool stars hold a unique appeal. As part of our ongoing project to measure the occurrence rate of extrasolar moons, in this work we present results from a survey focusing on eight Kepler planetary candidates associated with M dwarfs. Using photodynamical modeling and Bayesian multimodal nested sampling, we find no compelling evidence for an exomoon in these eight systems. Upper limits on the presence of such bodies probe down to masses of ∼0.4 M_⊕ in the best case. For KOI-314, we are able to confirm the planetary nature of two out of the three known transiting candidates using transit timing variations. Of particular interest is KOI-314c, which is found to have a mass of 1.0_–0.3^+0.4 M_⊕, making it the lowest mass transiting planet discovered to date. With a radius of 1.61_–0.15^+0.16 R_⊕, this Earth-mass world is likely enveloped by a significant gaseous envelope comprising ≥ 17_–13⁺¹²% of the planet by radius. We also find evidence to >support the planetary nature of KOI-784 via transit timing, but we advocate further observations to verify the signals. In both systems, we infer that the inner planet has a higher density than the outer world, which may be indicative of photo-evaporation. These results highlight both the ability of Kepler to search for sub-Earth-mass moons and the exciting ancillary science that often results from such efforts.

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