2014ApJ...787..147F

Query : 2014ApJ...787..147F

2014ApJ...787..147F - Astrophys. J., 787, 147 (2014/June-1)

The COS/UVES absorption survey of the Magellanic Stream. III. Ionization, total mass, and inflow rate onto the Milky Way.

FOX A.J., WAKKER B.P., BARGER K.A., HERNANDEZ A.K., RICHTER P., LEHNER N., BLAND-HAWTHORN J., CHARLTON J.C., WESTMEIER T., THOM C., TUMLINSON J., MISAWA T., HOWK J.C., HAFFNER L.M., ELY J., RODRIGUEZ-HIDALGO P. and KUMARI N.

Abstract (from CDS):

Dynamic interactions between the two Magellanic Clouds have flung large quantities of gas into the halo of the Milky Way. The result is a spectacular arrangement of gaseous structures, including the Magellanic Stream, the Magellanic Bridge, and the Leading Arm (collectively referred to as the Magellanic System). In this third paper of a series studying the Magellanic gas in absorption, we analyze the gas ionization level using a sample of 69 Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph sightlines that pass through or within 30° of the 21 cm emitting regions. We find that 81% (56/69) of the sightlines show UV absorption at Magellanic velocities, indicating that the total cross-section of the Magellanic System is ~11,000 deg2, or around one-quarter of the entire sky. Using observations of the Si III/Si II ratio together with Cloudy photoionization modeling, we calculate the total gas mass (atomic plus ionized) of the Magellanic System to be ~2.0x109 M☉(d/55 kpc)2, with the ionized gas contributing around three times as much mass as the atomic gas. This is larger than the current-day interstellar H I mass of both Magellanic Clouds combined, indicating that they have lost most of their initial gas mass. If the gas in the Magellanic System survives to reach the Galactic disk over its inflow time of ∼0.5-1.0 Gyr, it will represent an average inflow rate of ∼3.7-6.7 M☉/yr, potentially raising the Galactic star formation rate. However, multiple signs of an evaporative interaction with the hot Galactic corona indicate that the Magellanic gas may not survive its journey to the disk fully intact and will instead add material to (and cool) the corona.

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Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: evolution - Galaxy: halo - ISM: abundances - Magellanic Clouds - quasars: absorption lines

Simbad objects: 91

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Number of rows : 91
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 GD 1332 QSO 00 00 24.4156085424 -12 45 47.802902436   16.3       ~ 35 1
2 ICRF J000559.2+160949 Sy1 00 05 59.2378545384 +16 09 49.021968096   16.51 16.40     ~ 307 1
3 Mrk 335 Sy1 00 06 19.5372339024 +20 12 10.617404076   14.19 13.85     ~ 1344 0
4 Mrk 1501 Bla 00 10 31.00590413 +10 58 29.5042981   15.96 15.40 12.22   ~ 763 1
5 2MASX J00122399-1022269 Sy1 00 12 24.0235889448 -10 22 26.551199748   17.59 17.25     ~ 61 0
6 LEDA 1790 Sy1 00 29 13.7012449608 +13 16 03.947778264   15.70 15.41     ~ 474 0
7 NAME Magellanic Stream HVC 00 32 -30.0           ~ 1079 1
8 LEDA 3095439 Sy1 00 36 23.0055058008 +43 16 40.155340080   17.2       ~ 20 0
9 SDSS J004042.10-110957.7 Sy1 00 40 42.1017013776 -11 09 57.756909240           ~ 16 0
10 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
11 87GB 004432.0+030343 Sy1 00 47 05.9186531064 +03 19 54.784830324   16.2 16.37     ~ 154 2
12 2MASS J00481898+3941116 Sy1 00 48 18.9838647792 +39 41 11.718147912   16.2       ~ 60 1
13 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
14 Mrk 1502 Sy1 00 53 34.9331107632 +12 41 35.929269132   14.41 14.03     ~ 1242 1
15 LBQS 0052-0038 AGN 00 55 27.4629414696 -00 21 48.745131588   17.4 18.5 18.2   ~ 51 0
16 LEDA 87814 Sy1 00 58 37.3829486184 -36 06 04.948761240   14.9 14.90 15.0   ~ 95 0
17 LEDA 3095485 Sy1 01 00 27.0977041272 -51 13 54.099800868   16.48 15.4 15.17   ~ 59 0
18 IRAS 01003-2238 Sy2 01 02 49.9920152640 -22 21 57.262136544   18.62 18.9 17.83   ~ 192 0
19 LBQS 0107-0235 QSO 01 10 13.1603515272 -02 19 52.838715144   18.39 17.80 17.61   ~ 98 2
20 LBQS 0107-0232 QSO 01 10 14.4514099080 -02 16 57.579630564   17.8 18.4 18.3   ~ 44 0
21 2MASS J01193569-2821314 Sy1 01 19 35.6924750256 -28 21 31.423369428   18.13 16.3 16.58   ~ 55 0
22 HVC 224.0-83.4-197 HVC 01 20.7 -28 12           ~ 13 0
23 Ton S 210 Sy1 01 21 51.5142110136 -28 20 57.799968396   15.38 15.19     ~ 106 0
24 QSO B0120-28 QSO 01 22 36.7681962480 -28 43 21.539661996   16.5 15.71     ~ 30 0
25 Z 481-4 G 01 22 40.7745624552 +26 52 06.113086500   15.2       ~ 19 0
26 ESO 113-45 Sy1 01 23 45.7631533440 -58 48 20.808928944   14.08 13.83 13.34   ~ 965 0
27 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
28 QSO J0155-4506 QSO 01 55 13.2179169408 -45 06 11.577944484   15.1       ~ 54 0
29 2MASS J01553002-0857040 Sy1 01 55 30.0252391488 -08 57 04.130375616   17.26 17.02 16.89   ~ 74 0
30 Mrk 1014 Sy1 01 59 50.2534701768 +00 23 40.864244784   16.08 15.87     ~ 606 0
31 ICRF J020157.1-113233 Sy1 02 01 57.1794759192 -11 32 33.435766068   16.54 16.40 16.073   ~ 223 1
32 ICRF J020213.6-762003 Sy1 02 02 13.6936269168 -76 20 03.062287464   16.95 16.90     ~ 111 1
33 QSO J0209-0438 Bla 02 09 30.7666247448 -04 38 26.145998340   17.5       ~ 72 1
34 6dFGS gJ021218.3-073720 Sy1 02 12 18.3261505008 -07 37 19.814910204   17.97 17.73 17.38   ~ 44 0
35 HE 0226-4110 Sy1 02 28 15.2391681216 -40 57 14.762648232   17.68 15.2 16.22   ~ 144 1
36 MCG-02-07-024 Sy1 02 30 05.5225590096 -08 59 53.207139372   14.74 14.29 13.981 13.585 ~ 332 0
37 QSO B0238-1904 QSO 02 40 32.5841506272 -18 51 51.370183440     15.00     ~ 76 0
38 LEDA 10293 Sy1 02 43 09.6127088160 -72 16 48.433404756 15.43 16.34 15.86 16.14   ~ 25 0
39 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
40 ESO 31-8 Sy1 03 07 35.3439205584 -72 50 02.596782336   15.11 14.98 14.58   ~ 71 0
41 NAME Magellanic Bridge HI 03 11 -77.5           ~ 522 1
42 LB 1727 Sy1 04 26 00.7188165240 -57 12 01.769902992 13.68 14.58 14.37 14.8   ~ 307 0
43 FRL 303 Sy1 04 30 40.0329717936 -53 36 55.640614860 15.90 16.00 15.6 12.4   ~ 51 0
44 QSO J0436-5258 QSO 04 36 50.8453040688 -52 58 48.014254884     16.40     ~ 35 0
45 LEDA 3095694 Sy1 04 38 29.1934776600 -61 47 58.973670096   17.82 16.56 16.63   ~ 31 0
46 QSO J0439-5311 Sy1 04 39 38.7161600856 -53 11 31.242561864     16.2     ~ 59 0
47 QSO J0440-5248 QSO 04 40 12.0482632416 -52 48 17.514120888     16.10     ~ 42 0
48 QSO J0441-4313 Bla 04 41 17.3385563928 -43 13 45.488722116   16.64 16.36 16.54 16.26 ~ 111 1
49 6dFGS gJ050304.0-663346 Sy1 05 03 03.968 -66 33 45.60   13.9   14.5   ~ 43 0
50 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
51 2MASS J05522451-6402108 Sy1 05 52 24.5023213488 -64 02 10.757771160     15.04     ~ 55 1
52 QSO B0558-5026 BLL 05 59 47.3916612936 -50 26 52.025952120   15.18 14.97     ~ 307 1
53 QSO J0623-6436 BLL 06 23 07.6964410104 -64 36 20.722511484   17.06 14.80 13.59   ~ 104 1
54 QSO J0635-7516 Bla 06 35 46.5079301472 -75 16 16.816418256   15.96 15.75 15.82   ~ 625 1
55 4C 02.27 QSO 09 35 18.1942545696 +02 04 15.563959968   17.31 17.16     ~ 123 1
56 QSO J0943+0531 QSO 09 43 31.6146408840 +05 31 31.475664912   17.50 17.30     ~ 57 0
57 QSO J0949-0514 QSO 09 49 30.3064614840 -05 14 54.533410152     16.50     ~ 13 0
58 2MASS J09563013-0453170 Sy1 09 56 30.1412494440 -04 53 17.160515232   17.10 16.40 16.20   ~ 23 0
59 2MASS J09591566+0503552 Sy1 09 59 15.6573060624 +05 03 55.117641924   17.58 17.32     ~ 45 0
60 QSO J1005+0134 QSO 10 05 35.2474303944 +01 34 45.713350380   17.21 16.89     ~ 59 0
61 NGC 3125 AGN 10 06 33.318 -29 56 07.32 13.03 13.45 13.00 12.50 13.4 ~ 253 2
62 QSO B1011-040 Sy1 10 14 20.6738908080 -04 18 40.372940484   15.49 15.5     ~ 157 0
63 LBQS 1019+0147 QSO 10 22 18.9951068448 +01 32 18.805950420   16.98 16.82     ~ 52 0
64 NGC 3256 Sy2 10 27 51.284 -43 54 13.55   11.83 11.33 10.62 11.9 ~ 920 2
65 PG 1049-005 Sy1 10 51 51.4474066944 -00 51 17.707987476   15.98 15.78     ~ 188 0
66 CTS 10 Bla 11 03 31.5264793968 -32 51 16.694017200   16.29 16.30 16.4   ~ 117 1
67 PMN J1103-2329 BLL 11 03 37.6150845072 -23 29 31.203773520   17.00 16.55 16.61   ~ 405 1
68 ESO 265-23 Sy1 11 20 48.0088535832 -43 15 50.371862328   15.26 15.00 14.19   ~ 63 0
69 NGC 3783 Sy1 11 39 01.7096819040 -37 44 19.009642992   12.46 13.43 11.33 12.1 ~ 1765 1
70 QSO J1139-1350 Bla 11 39 10.7025556152 -13 50 43.639196064   16.38 16.17 16.4   ~ 284 1
71 QSO J1201-1354 QSO 12 01 58.7450392296 -13 54 59.646229416   17.2 17.2     ~ 18 0
72 ESO 267-13 Sy1 12 04 52.863 -43 43 53.77   14.18   12.93 13.4 ~ 36 0
73 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
74 Mrk 1513 Sy1 21 32 27.8162556672 +10 08 19.252365396   14.92 14.64     ~ 651 0
75 2MASS J21545109-4414057 Sy1 21 54 51.1074371232 -44 14 05.742036672     15.80     ~ 33 0
76 PHL 1811 Sy1 21 55 01.5124437432 -09 22 24.349496808   13.9 16.8 14.1   ~ 200 1
77 HS 2154+2228 QSO 21 56 47.4626727576 +22 42 49.875258132   15.2       ~ 17 0
78 Z 428-65 Sy1 22 17 12.2637639888 +14 14 20.917852980   15.02 14.66     ~ 371 0
79 Z 495-18 Sy1 22 42 39.3363009144 +29 43 31.302092640   14.86 14.16     ~ 748 1
80 IRAS F22423-4707 Sy1 22 45 20.3013536736 -46 52 11.619968160   17.02 14.8 15.88   ~ 45 0
81 2MASS J22484115-5109532 Sy1 22 48 41.1707472480 -51 09 53.322381180   15.60 15.43 15.5   ~ 77 0
82 NAME MR 2251-178 Sy1 22 54 05.8858611984 -17 34 55.402233708   14.99 14.36 15.12   ~ 467 4
83 QSO J2257+1340 QSO 22 57 38.2067032296 +13 40 45.501519396   17.25 17.15     ~ 47 0
84 NGC 7469 Sy1 23 03 15.6 +08 52 26 12.60 13.00 12.34     ~ 2253 3
85 NGC 7552 Sy1 23 16 10.66 -42 35 04.7 11.34 11.22 10.57 10.08 11.1 ~ 574 3
86 NGC 7714 AGN 23 36 14.1257730600 +02 09 18.197422668   14.91 14.36     ~ 788 1
87 SDSS J234500.37-005923.9 G 23 45 00.374 -00 59 23.93           ~ 7 0
88 PB 5524 QSO 23 45 00.4378353384 -00 59 36.075601680   17.66 17.44     ~ 59 0
89 QSO B2347-4342 QSO 23 50 34.2593744544 -43 25 59.683985652   16.3 16.3     ~ 172 0
90 4C -01.61 BLL 23 51 56.1224889360 -01 09 13.315371768   16.83 16.59     ~ 380 1
91 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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