2014ApJ...791..107V

Query : 2014ApJ...791..107V

2014ApJ...791..107V - Astrophys. J., 791, 107 (2014/August-3)

The metallicity spread and the age-metallicity relation of ω Centauri.

VILLANOVA S., GEISLER D., GRATTON R.G. and CASSISI S.

Abstract (from CDS):

ω Centauri is a peculiar globular cluster formed by a complex stellar population. To investigate it, we studied 172 stars belonging to the five SGBs that we can identify in our photometry, in order to measure their [Fe/H] content as well as estimate their age dispersion and the age-metallicity relation. The first important result is that all of these SGBs have a distribution in metallicity with a spread that exceeds the observational errors and typically displays several peaks that indicate the presence of several subpopulations. We were able to identify at least six of them based on their mean [Fe/H] content. These metallicity-based subpopulations are seen to varying extents in each of the five SGBs. Taking advantage of the age sensitivity of the SGB, we showed that, first of all, at least half of the subpopulations have an age spread of at least 2 Gyr. Then, we obtained an age-metallicity relation that is the most complete to date for this cluster. Interpretation of the age-metallicity relation is not straightforward, but it is possible that the cluster (or what we can call its progenitor) was initially composed of two populations with different metallicities. Because of their age, it is very unlikely that the most metal-rich derives from the most metal-poor by some kind of chemical evolution process, so they can be assumed to be two independent primordial objects, or perhaps two separate parts of a single larger object, that merged in the past to form the present-day cluster.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): globular clusters: general - globular clusters: individual: NGC 5139

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/791/107): table3.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 3: [VGG2014] SGB A.NNN, [VGG2014] SGB a.NN N=172.

Simbad objects: 174

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Number of rows : 174
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 1851 GlC 05 14 06.76 -40 02 47.6           ~ 1529 0
2 [VGG2014] SGB B.85 * 13 26 12.6522602808 -47 25 08.458561164   18.290       ~ 1 0
3 [VGG2014] SGB B.87 * 13 26 12.7870582368 -47 25 00.971587848   18.357       ~ 1 0
4 Cl* NGC 5139 LEID 38043 * 13 26 14.22000 -47 26 32.3000   18.351       ~ 3 0
5 [VGG2014] SGB A.136 * 13 26 16.5146803560 -47 25 13.280844504   18.050       ~ 1 0
6 [VGG2014] SGB A.112 * 13 26 16.52000 -47 26 14.3000   18.112       ~ 1 0
7 [VGG2014] SGB A.75 * 13 26 16.84000 -47 29 25.7000   18.143       ~ 1 0
8 [VGG2014] SGB a.23 * 13 26 16.92000 -47 29 00.8000   18.849       ~ 1 0
9 [VGG2014] SGB u.31 * 13 26 17.48000 -47 24 21.8000   18.671       ~ 1 0
10 Cl* NGC 5139 PKD 2550 * 13 26 17.7212802792 -47 28 49.801061208   18.32 17.64     ~ 3 0
11 [VGG2014] SGB B.40 * 13 26 17.74000 -47 30 28.9000   18.254       ~ 1 0
12 [VGG2014] SGB A.37 * 13 26 17.9187774192 -47 31 24.978134388   18.206       ~ 1 0
13 Cl* NGC 5139 PKD 4434 * 13 26 18.19 -47 27 36.9   18.26 17.65     ~ 3 0
14 [VGG2014] SGB A.74 * 13 26 18.5645576280 -47 29 34.750846140   18.132       ~ 1 0
15 [VGG2014] SGB u.15 * 13 26 18.70000 -47 30 45.0000   18.553       ~ 1 0
16 [VGG2014] SGB B.41 * 13 26 19.28000 -47 30 22.4000   18.249       ~ 1 0
17 [VGG2014] SGB A.106 * 13 26 19.5420455112 -47 26 34.339273080   18.107       ~ 1 0
18 [VGG2014] SGB C.1 * 13 26 19.62000 -47 33 41.6000   18.331       ~ 1 0
19 [VGG2014] SGB B.64 * 13 26 19.77000 -47 26 41.2000   18.170       ~ 1 0
20 [VGG2014] SGB A.41 * 13 26 19.90000 -47 31 14.3000   18.177       ~ 1 0
21 [VGG2014] SGB A.158 * 13 26 20.09000 -47 24 35.4000   18.127       ~ 1 0
22 [VGG2014] SGB B.17 * 13 26 20.16000 -47 32 18.1000   18.229       ~ 1 0
23 Cl* NGC 5139 PKD 5533 * 13 26 20.17000 -47 29 17.4000   18.08 17.50     ~ 3 0
24 [VGG2014] SGB C.24 * 13 26 20.19000 -47 31 05.9000   18.355       ~ 1 0
25 [VGG2014] SGB C.7 * 13 26 20.45000 -47 32 58.6000   18.400       ~ 1 0
26 [VGG2014] SGB A.26 * 13 26 21.02000 -47 32 11.4000   18.131       ~ 1 0
27 [VGG2014] SGB C.16 * 13 26 21.21000 -47 32 05.1000   18.459       ~ 1 0
28 [VGG2014] SGB A.7 * 13 26 21.29000 -47 33 04.1000   18.151       ~ 1 0
29 Cl* NGC 5139 PKD 3735 * 13 26 21.36000 -47 32 06.7000   18.08 17.38     ~ 3 0
30 [VGG2014] SGB B.8 * 13 26 21.79000 -47 32 49.7000   18.212       ~ 1 0
31 [VGG2014] SGB B.11 * 13 26 21.89000 -47 32 47.2000   18.254       ~ 1 0
32 [VGG2014] SGB B.71 RG* 13 26 22.0047817128 -47 26 08.743033932   18.253 14.233     ~ 3 0
33 Cl* NGC 5139 PKD 7843 * 13 26 22.40000 -47 30 15.1000   18.06 17.39     ~ 3 0
34 Cl* NGC 5139 PKD 6808 * 13 26 22.4664646104 -47 31 03.116902008   18.15 17.46     ~ 3 0
35 [VGG2014] SGB B.53 * 13 26 22.47000 -47 28 00.7000   18.284       ~ 1 0
36 [VGG2014] SGB C.56 * 13 26 23.17000 -47 25 07.6000   18.421       ~ 1 0
37 [VGG2014] SGB C.38 * 13 26 23.20000 -47 27 19.2000   18.502       ~ 1 0
38 [VGG2014] SGB A.12 * 13 26 23.49000 -47 32 41.6000   18.213       ~ 1 0
39 [VGG2014] SGB B.6 * 13 26 23.89000 -47 33 00.6000   18.164       ~ 1 0
40 [BH2018] J201.601125-47.561972 * 13 26 24.26000 -47 33 43.4000   18.754       ~ 2 0
41 [VGG2014] SGB A.1 * 13 26 24.40000 -47 33 33.0000   18.072       ~ 1 0
42 [VGG2014] SGB u.6 * 13 26 24.63000 -47 32 28.8000   18.565       ~ 1 0
43 [BH2018] J201.605167-47.466639 * 13 26 25.2147770232 -47 28 00.402626604   18.111       ~ 2 0
44 [VGG2014] SGB A.31 * 13 26 25.37000 -47 32 03.1000   18.204       ~ 1 0
45 [VGG2014] SGB a.19 * 13 26 25.50000 -47 32 22.0000   19.077       ~ 1 0
46 [VGG2014] SGB B.35 * 13 26 26.01000 -47 30 53.5000   18.312       ~ 1 0
47 [VGG2014] SGB A.107 * 13 26 26.1011188344 -47 26 28.318508520   18.069       ~ 1 0
48 [VGG2014] SGB A.35 * 13 26 26.45000 -47 31 31.4000   18.126       ~ 1 0
49 NGC 5139 4766 Pe* 13 26 26.6524248960 -47 25 09.232893588   18.059 13.369   12.265 ~ 7 0
50 Cl* NGC 5139 PKD 13633 * 13 26 26.66000 -47 31 30.1000   18.42 17.63     ~ 3 0
51 [VGG2014] SGB A.11 * 13 26 26.6602087584 -47 32 43.249485624   18.138       ~ 1 0
52 [VGG2014] SGB B.93 * 13 26 26.97000 -47 24 37.2000   18.339       ~ 1 0
53 [VGG2014] SGB C.46 * 13 26 27.38000 -47 26 30.7000   18.393       ~ 1 0
54 [VGG2014] SGB C.66 * 13 26 27.45000 -47 24 51.4000   18.381       ~ 1 0
55 [VGG2014] SGB B.126 * 13 26 27.70000 -47 31 12.7000   18.389       ~ 1 0
56 [VGG2014] SGB C.3 * 13 26 27.73000 -47 33 28.8000   18.448       ~ 1 0
57 [VGG2014] SGB u.36 * 13 26 28.11000 -47 32 08.6000   18.639       ~ 1 0
58 [VGG2014] SGB A.161 * 13 26 28.2160344768 -47 24 16.685051976   18.103       ~ 1 0
59 [VGG2014] SGB C.91 * 13 26 28.22000 -47 32 19.9000   18.274       ~ 1 0
60 [VGG2014] SGB C.90 * 13 26 28.65000 -47 33 33.2000   18.429       ~ 1 0
61 [VGG2014] SGB A.157 * 13 26 28.7611306632 -47 24 36.760542336   18.068       ~ 1 0
62 [VGG2014] SGB C.77 * 13 26 28.84000 -47 24 12.1000   18.457       ~ 1 0
63 [VGG2014] SGB C.6 * 13 26 29.2872384864 -47 33 21.108920292   18.534       ~ 1 0
64 [VGG2014] SGB B.50 * 13 26 29.40000 -47 28 41.2000   18.346       ~ 1 0
65 [VGG2014] SGB A.133 * 13 26 29.7793638456 -47 25 24.880461780   18.146       ~ 1 0
66 [VGG2014] SGB u.8 * 13 26 29.8279320696 -47 32 25.036128312   18.757       ~ 1 0
67 [VGG2014] SGB C.30 * 13 26 29.92000 -47 29 24.4000   18.337       ~ 1 0
68 Cl* NGC 5139 BPB 277621 * 13 26 30.6798815904 -47 24 25.904460996 19.589 19.055 18.078 17.576 17.033 ~ 2 0
69 [VGG2014] SGB B.63 * 13 26 30.72000 -47 26 47.2000   18.299       ~ 1 0
70 Cl* NGC 5139 WFI 247798 * 13 26 31.460 -47 25 03.30   18.950 18.237   17.378 ~ 4 0
71 [VGG2014] SGB A.146 * 13 26 31.54000 -47 24 57.5000   18.068       ~ 1 0
72 [VGG2014] SGB C.4 * 13 26 31.6749771360 -47 33 28.114760628   18.353       ~ 1 0
73 [VGG2014] SGB C.19 * 13 26 31.82000 -47 31 32.2000   18.513       ~ 1 0
74 [VGG2014] SGB B.20 * 13 26 32.45000 -47 32 07.1000   18.329       ~ 1 0
75 [VGG2014] SGB A.22 * 13 26 32.51000 -47 32 21.9000   18.126       ~ 1 0
76 [VGG2014] SGB C.5 * 13 26 32.52000 -47 33 22.5000   18.409       ~ 1 0
77 [VGG2014] SGB B.34 * 13 26 34.56000 -47 30 53.8000   18.354       ~ 1 0
78 [VGG2014] SGB A.30 * 13 26 36.77000 -47 32 03.1000   18.076       ~ 1 0
79 [VGG2014] SGB B.110 * 13 26 37.7793562656 -47 23 54.245228172   18.344       ~ 1 0
80 [VGG2014] SGB A.25 * 13 26 39.04000 -47 32 13.5000   18.199       ~ 1 0
81 [VGG2014] SGB A.170 * 13 26 39.40000 -47 23 49.0000   18.174       ~ 1 0
82 [VGG2014] SGB C.8 * 13 26 41.39000 -47 32 56.6000   18.443       ~ 1 0
83 [VGG2014] SGB B.83 * 13 26 41.57000 -47 25 14.3000   18.173       ~ 1 0
84 [VGG2014] SGB C.60 * 13 26 41.99000 -47 24 57.8000   18.459       ~ 1 0
85 [VGG2014] SGB A.36 * 13 26 42.58000 -47 31 27.5000   18.096       ~ 1 0
86 [VGG2014] SGB A.32 * 13 26 42.64000 -47 31 47.0000   18.142       ~ 1 0
87 [VGG2014] SGB A.165 * 13 26 42.86000 -47 24 10.6000   18.198       ~ 1 0
88 [VGG2014] SGB A.150 * 13 26 43.10000 -47 24 52.9000   18.028       ~ 1 0
89 [VGG2014] SGB B.9 * 13 26 43.2045966072 -47 32 49.372545840   18.296       ~ 1 0
90 [VGG2014] SGB a.13 * 13 26 43.33000 -47 24 19.7000   19.239       ~ 1 0
91 [VGG2014] SGB A.145 * 13 26 43.6284177432 -47 24 58.907971512   18.148       ~ 1 0
92 [VGG2014] SGB B.108 * 13 26 43.6394428944 -47 24 07.890525216   18.339       ~ 1 0
93 [VGG2014] SGB B.88 * 13 26 43.8808338312 -47 24 55.439810460   18.346       ~ 1 0
94 [VGG2014] SGB a.18 * 13 26 44.05000 -47 32 27.8000   19.049       ~ 1 0
95 [VGG2014] SGB A.147 * 13 26 44.9167113096 -47 24 55.999303560   18.052       ~ 1 0
96 [VGG2014] SGB A.135 * 13 26 44.95000 -47 25 17.6000   18.059       ~ 1 0
97 [VGG2014] SGB C.75 * 13 26 46.24000 -47 24 18.2000   18.472       ~ 1 0
98 [BH2018] J201.694792-47.417861 * 13 26 46.74000 -47 25 04.8000   19.026       ~ 2 0
99 [VGG2014] SGB C.80 * 13 26 46.95000 -47 23 57.0000   18.425       ~ 1 0
100 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
101 [VGG2014] SGB C.58 * 13 26 47.67000 -47 25 01.6000   18.349       ~ 1 0
102 [VGG2014] SGB A.14 * 13 26 48.1219888128 -47 32 37.303376208   18.073       ~ 1 0
103 [VGG2014] SGB A.171 * 13 26 48.1926289416 -47 23 21.145527024   18.149       ~ 1 0
104 [VGG2014] SGB B.100 * 13 26 48.38000 -47 24 23.3000   18.230       ~ 1 0
105 [VGG2014] SGB B.106 * 13 26 48.42000 -47 24 12.2000   18.208       ~ 1 0
106 [VGG2014] SGB B.12 * 13 26 48.72000 -47 32 47.0000   18.368       ~ 1 0
107 [VGG2014] SGB B.10 * 13 26 48.83000 -47 32 47.9000   18.261       ~ 1 0
108 [VGG2014] SGB A.138 * 13 26 49.29000 -47 25 08.3000   18.070       ~ 1 0
109 [VGG2014] SGB A.153 * 13 26 49.50000 -47 24 43.0000   18.131       ~ 1 0
110 [VGG2014] SGB A.169 * 13 26 49.6338936264 -47 23 53.874473712   18.118       ~ 1 0
111 [VGG2014] SGB B.112 * 13 26 51.21000 -47 23 48.7000   18.331       ~ 1 0
112 [VGG2014] SGB A.44 * 13 26 51.96000 -47 31 12.7000   18.144       ~ 1 0
113 [VGG2014] SGB a.1 * 13 26 52.05000 -47 32 59.6000   19.162       ~ 1 0
114 [VGG2014] SGB A.18 * 13 26 52.8798492504 -47 32 35.290444992   18.060       ~ 1 0
115 [VGG2014] SGB B.90 * 13 26 55.1583491472 -47 24 50.466222216   18.312       ~ 1 0
116 [VGG2014] SGB B.84 * 13 26 55.55000 -47 25 08.9000   18.280       ~ 1 0
117 [VGG2014] SGB B.114 * 13 26 56.15000 -47 23 21.8000   18.378       ~ 1 0
118 [VGG2014] SGB B.57 * 13 26 56.15000 -47 27 12.4000   18.305       ~ 1 0
119 [VGG2014] SGB B.115 * 13 26 56.77000 -47 23 18.5000   18.327       ~ 1 0
120 [VGG2014] SGB C.84 * 13 26 58.8458192040 -47 23 37.476193560   18.433       ~ 1 0
121 [VGG2014] SGB A.130 * 13 26 59.17000 -47 25 31.3000   18.109       ~ 1 0
122 [VGG2014] SGB C.13 * 13 26 59.60000 -47 32 18.7000   18.428       ~ 1 0
123 [VGG2014] SGB B.102 * 13 27 00.09000 -47 24 19.2000   18.260       ~ 1 0
124 [VGG2014] SGB B.118 * 13 27 01.34000 -47 23 13.3000   18.343       ~ 1 0
125 [VGG2014] SGB A.53 * 13 27 01.7457085344 -47 30 44.202635532   18.186       ~ 1 0
126 [VGG2014] SGB A.152 * 13 27 02.57000 -47 24 43.9000   18.142       ~ 1 0
127 [VGG2014] SGB A.127 * 13 27 02.79000 -47 25 39.9000   18.102       ~ 1 0
128 [VGG2014] SGB B.113 * 13 27 02.85000 -47 23 41.8000   18.221       ~ 1 0
129 [VGG2014] SGB C.21 * 13 27 03.04000 -47 31 27.9000   18.293       ~ 1 0
130 [VGG2014] SGB a.10 * 13 27 03.11000 -47 27 00.1000   19.159       ~ 1 0
131 [VGG2014] SGB u.11 * 13 27 03.1569765960 -47 31 42.411574704   18.674       ~ 1 0
132 [VGG2014] SGB B.23 * 13 27 04.16000 -47 31 49.1000   18.345       ~ 1 0
133 [VGG2014] SGB C.52 * 13 27 04.47000 -47 25 29.0000   18.324       ~ 1 0
134 [VGG2014] SGB u.25 * 13 27 05.05000 -47 26 10.5000   18.504       ~ 1 0
135 [VGG2014] SGB u.34 * 13 27 05.29000 -47 23 38.1000   18.570       ~ 1 0
136 [VGG2014] SGB B.65 * 13 27 05.39000 -47 26 30.7000   18.288       ~ 1 0
137 [VGG2014] SGB B.69 * 13 27 05.60000 -47 26 12.3000   18.346       ~ 1 0
138 [VGG2014] SGB A.40 * 13 27 05.70000 -47 31 16.8000   18.126       ~ 1 0
139 [VGG2014] SGB B.16 * 13 27 05.85000 -47 32 23.0000   18.275       ~ 1 0
140 [VGG2014] SGB A.174 * 13 27 06.6594592272 -47 23 06.315854676   18.057       ~ 1 0
141 [VGG2014] SGB C.63 * 13 27 06.72000 -47 24 54.5000   18.395       ~ 1 0
142 [VGG2014] SGB C.71 * 13 27 06.91000 -47 24 39.7000   18.347       ~ 1 0
143 [VGG2014] SGB B.120 * 13 27 07.1816870352 -47 22 56.735333868   18.291       ~ 1 0
144 [VGG2014] SGB C.85 * 13 27 08.2376848632 -47 23 24.278549460   18.272       ~ 1 0
145 [VGG2014] SGB B.111 * 13 27 08.45000 -47 23 52.6000   18.211       ~ 1 0
146 [VGG2014] SGB A.175 * 13 27 08.50000 -47 22 51.8000   18.073       ~ 1 0
147 [VGG2014] SGB B.37 * 13 27 08.50000 -47 30 41.8000   18.268       ~ 1 0
148 [VGG2014] SGB C.25 * 13 27 08.79000 -47 31 02.6000   18.337       ~ 1 0
149 [VGG2014] SGB a.32 * 13 27 09.07000 -47 24 04.6000   19.112       ~ 1 0
150 [VGG2014] SGB a.30 * 13 27 09.3288921480 -47 24 34.308584856   19.032       ~ 1 0
151 [VGG2014] SGB A.166 * 13 27 09.8043572208 -47 24 10.181279988   18.151       ~ 1 0
152 [VGG2014] SGB A.69 * 13 27 10.1192789376 -47 30 09.972466524   18.134       ~ 1 0
153 [VGG2014] SGB a.33 * 13 27 10.16000 -47 23 57.4000   18.929       ~ 1 0
154 [VGG2014] SGB C.15 * 13 27 10.84000 -47 32 09.8000   18.436       ~ 1 0
155 [VGG2014] SGB u.21 * 13 27 10.85000 -47 27 05.6000   18.772       ~ 1 0
156 [VGG2014] SGB a.7 * 13 27 10.87000 -47 30 36.9000   19.137       ~ 1 0
157 [VGG2014] SGB C.37 * 13 27 10.9891262280 -47 27 35.907982956   18.386       ~ 1 0
158 [VGG2014] SGB C.78 * 13 27 11.35000 -47 24 09.1000   18.445       ~ 1 0
159 [VGG2014] SGB B.80 * 13 27 11.5797819744 -47 25 23.716872588   18.299       ~ 1 0
160 [VGG2014] SGB C.68 * 13 27 11.68000 -47 24 45.4000   18.539       ~ 1 0
161 [VGG2014] SGB A.172 * 13 27 11.6929521888 -47 23 09.715091460   18.072       ~ 1 0
162 [VGG2014] SGB C.76 * 13 27 11.78000 -47 24 16.1000   18.429       ~ 1 0
163 [VGG2014] SGB B.95 * 13 27 11.93000 -47 24 36.2000   18.416       ~ 1 0
164 [VGG2014] SGB C.86 * 13 27 12.19000 -47 23 13.0000   18.439       ~ 1 0
165 [VGG2014] SGB u.9 * 13 27 12.39000 -47 32 24.2000   18.551       ~ 1 0
166 [VGG2014] SGB A.85 * 13 27 12.56000 -47 28 12.1000   18.170       ~ 1 0
167 [VGG2014] SGB a.28 * 13 27 13.1678924064 -47 25 15.760497972   18.975       ~ 1 0
168 [VGG2014] SGB C.45 * 13 27 13.2148548336 -47 26 32.153268804   18.404       ~ 1 0
169 [VGG2014] SGB B.58 * 13 27 13.48000 -47 27 11.4000   18.357       ~ 1 0
170 [VGG2014] SGB A.148 * 13 27 13.52000 -47 24 55.5000   18.074       ~ 1 0
171 [VGG2014] SGB B.59 * 13 27 13.78000 -47 27 08.9000   18.263       ~ 1 0
172 [VGG2014] SGB a.11 * 13 27 14.19000 -47 25 56.0000   19.023       ~ 1 0
173 [VGG2014] SGB C.36 * 13 27 14.52000 -47 27 50.2000   18.398       ~ 1 0
174 [VGG2014] SGB C.32 * 13 27 14.74000 -47 29 13.9000   18.450       ~ 1 0

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