2014MNRAS.440..821B

Query : 2014MNRAS.440..821B

2014MNRAS.440..821B - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 440, 821-832 (2014/May-1)

Radio limits on off-axis GRB afterglows and VLBI observations of SN 2003gk.

BIETENHOLZ M.F., DE COLLE F., GRANOT J., BARTEL N. and SODERBERG A.M.

Abstract (from CDS):

We report on a Very Large Array survey for late-time radio emission from 59 supernovae (SNe) of the Type I b/c, which is associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). An `off-axis' GRB burst (i.e. whose relativistic jet points away from us) is expected to have late-time radio emission even in the absence of significant prompt gamma-ray emission. From our sample, we detected only SN 2003gk with an 8.4GHz flux density of 2260±130µJy. Our subsequent very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of SN 2003gk, at an age of ∼ 8yr, allowed us to determine its radius to be (2.4±0.4)x1017cm, or 94±15 light days. This radius rules out relativistic expansion as expected for an off-axis GRB jet, and instead suggests an expansion speed of ∼ 10000 km/s typical for non-relativistic core-collapse SNe. We attribute the late-onset radio emission to interaction of the ejecta with a dense shell caused by episodic mass-loss from the progenitor.

In addition, we present new calculations for the expected radio light curves from GRB jets at various angles to the line of sight, and compare these to our observed limits on the flux densities of the remainder of our SN sample. From this comparison, we can say that only a fraction of broadlined Type I b/c SNe have a radio-bright jet similar to those seen for GRB afterglows at cosmological distances. However, we also find that for a reasonable range of parameters, as might be representative of the actual population of GRB events rather than the detected bright ones, the radio emission from the GRB jets can be quite faint, and that at present, radio observations do not place strong constraints on off-axis GRB jets.


Abstract Copyright: © 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2014)

Journal keyword(s): supernovae: individual: (SN 2003gk) - radio continuum: general

CDS comments: PTF 11gcj is a misprint for PTF 11qcj.

Simbad objects: 133

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Number of rows : 133
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 132 GiG 00 30 10.6858584816 +02 05 36.089113236   13.8       ~ 62 1
2 SN 2004fe SN* 00 30 11.27 +02 05 23.5     18.1     SNIc 55 1
3 SN 2005ct SN* 00 39 40.50 -14 14 16.6     17.3     SNIc: 10 1
4 NGC 207 EmG 00 39 40.718 -14 14 13.48   15.1   14.5 14.2 ~ 29 0
5 SN 2006ep SN* 00 41 24.88 +25 29 46.7     17.8     SNIb 52 1
6 NGC 214 AGN 00 41 28.0237030104 +25 29 57.833719800   13.0       ~ 185 0
7 MCG-05-03-020 EmG 00 57 46.9455374760 -27 30 06.078979368   13.49 9.69 12.38 13.1 ~ 58 0
8 SN 2002hf SN* 00 57 47.74 -27 30 21.5     16.5     SNIc 17 1
9 SN 2002ap SN* 01 36 23.85 +15 45 13.2   13.11 14.54     SNIc-BL 587 1
10 3C 48 QSO 01 37 41.2996631208 +33 09 35.080388820   16.62 16.20     ~ 2924 2
11 SN 2004gv SN* 02 13 37.42 -00 43 05.8     17.6     SNIb 47 1
12 NGC 856 Sy2 02 13 38.3596952376 -00 43 02.288041140   17.25 16.54     ~ 65 0
13 SN 2003id SN* 02 21 35.70 -05 31 51.0     16.7     SNIcpec 19 1
14 NGC 894 Sy2 02 21 36.470 -05 31 17.02 12.21 12.26 11.73     ~ 163 2
15 SN 1986J SN* 02 22 31.33 +42 19 56.4   18.4 18.4     SNII 331 1
16 NGC 935 GiP 02 28 11.1407772408 +19 35 56.920754760   13.56 12.82     ~ 100 0
17 SN 2006F SN* 02 28 11.43 +19 36 12.3     17.3     SNIb 28 1
18 SN 2006eg SN* 02 32 53.57 +19 15 33.2     18.3     SNIb/c 13 1
19 Z 462-23 AG? 02 32 53.6240140848 +19 15 29.895677964   14.9       ~ 21 0
20 SN 1984L SN* 02 35 30.54 -07 09 30.3   14.0       SNIb 197 1
21 SN 2004dn SN* 02 35 37.30 +37 37 54.2     17.5     SNIc 29 1
22 UGC 2069 PaG 02 35 37.303 +37 38 19.92   13.2       ~ 66 0
23 SN 2005E SN* 02 39 14.34 +01 05 55.0     16.8     SNIb/c 128 1
24 NGC 1032 AG? 02 39 23.6373 +01 05 37.652   13.2       ~ 102 1
25 SN 2007gr SN* 02 43 27.98 +37 20 44.7       12.77   SNIc 265 1
26 2MASX J02485298+5302143 GiG 02 48 52.9989480288 +53 02 14.498241756           ~ 24 0
27 SN 2006ab SN* 02 48 53.92 +53 02 20.8     18.0     SNIc 15 1
28 SN 2007ke SN* 02 54 23.90 +41 34 16.3     18.5     SNIb 41 1
29 NGC 1129 BiC 02 54 27.400 +41 34 46.70   14.6 13.6     ~ 126 1
30 UGC 2411 AG? 02 58 47.319 +75 44 40.14   16.5       ~ 51 0
31 SN 2005aj SN* 02 58 48.85 +75 45 13.8     18     SNIc 22 1
32 SN 2007Y SN* 03 02 35.92 -22 53 50.1     17.5     SNIb 135 1
33 NGC 1187 Sy1 03 02 37.5895048560 -22 52 02.479512648   11.41   10.43 11.2 ~ 228 1
34 Z 524-49 GiG 03 05 43.3485597816 +36 47 10.359553848   13.5       ~ 47 0
35 SN 2005ek SN* 03 05 48.96 +36 46 10.6     17.5     SNIc: 76 1
36 MCG+06-08-012 G 03 18 38.2526758176 +37 36 28.779618816   16.5       ~ 36 0
37 SN 2007D SN* 03 18 38.71 +37 36 26.4     18.2     SNIc-BL 32 1
38 NGC 1343 AG? 03 37 49.7256129120 +72 34 16.612030092   14.1       ~ 77 1
39 SN 2008dv SN* 03 37 51.43 +72 34 21.8           SNIc 16 1
40 IC 340 LSB 03 39 29.110 -13 06 54.41   15   13.38   ~ 36 0
41 SN 2002jj SN* 03 39 29.55 -13 06 55.8     16.5     SNIc 20 1
42 Z 526-7 LIN 03 43 56.8951364376 +39 17 42.501138036   13.8       ~ 70 1
43 SN 2003ih SN* 03 43 57.72 +39 17 43.9     18.1     SNIb/c 20 1
44 MCG-05-10-012 Sy1 04 07 45.561 -29 51 30.48   13.52 13.04 12.58 13.1 ~ 53 0
45 SN 2005dg SN* 04 07 46.25 -29 51 28.1     16.6     SNIc 9 1
46 MCG+06-10-001 GiG 04 09 43.3208971776 +37 00 35.128102248   16.5       ~ 30 0
47 SN 2003ig SN* 04 09 43.50 +37 00 45.8     18.4     SNIc 13 1
48 NGC 1590 GiG 04 31 10.2576657432 +07 37 51.019626504   14.6       ~ 59 0
49 SN 2007rz SN* 04 31 10.84 +07 37 51.5     16.9     SNIc 31 1
50 SN 1996D SN* 04 34 00.30 -08 34 44.0     18.2     SNIc 30 1
51 NGC 1961 LIN 05 42 04.6327819680 +69 22 42.411028872   11.73 10.99     ~ 362 3
52 SN 2001is SN* 05 42 09.07 +69 21 54.8     17.6     SNIb 31 1
53 SN 2007iq SN* 06 13 32.33 +69 43 49.2     17.5     SNIc/Ic-BL 13 1
54 Z 329-22 AG? 06 13 40.0176014688 +69 43 45.188797512   15.20       ~ 50 0
55 NGC 2207 AG? 06 16 22.0336889136 -21 22 21.759218400   11.48 10.65 10.21 11.9 ~ 301 4
56 SN 2003H SN* 06 16 25.68 -21 22 23.8     17.8     SNIbpec 49 1
57 NGC 2146 AGN 06 18 37.710 +78 21 25.27 11.67 11.38 10.59     ~ 765 2
58 SN 2005V SN* 06 18 38.28 +78 21 28.8           SNIb/c 28 1
59 MCG+04-16-004 GiG 06 49 59.6561744808 +25 38 03.711398028   14.3       ~ 38 0
60 SN 2004ge SN* 06 50 00.13 +25 38 02.0     18.3     SNIc 26 1
61 SN 2005lr SN* 07 11 39.03 -26 42 20.2     18.5     SNIc: 20 1
62 ESO 492-2 GiG 07 11 40.4561513760 -26 42 17.901408240   12.98   11.77 12.6 ~ 63 0
63 SN 2001ej SN* 07 23 43.23 +33 26 38.0     16.5     SNIb 27 1
64 Z 177-5 GiG 07 23 43.5303502320 +33 26 30.926307192   13.7 13.13     ~ 116 1
65 Z 178-14 GiG 07 59 13.0699024344 +32 54 52.934088096   13.5       ~ 114 1
66 SN 2005eo SN* 07 59 13.94 +32 55 19.7     18.3     SNIa 23 1
67 SN 2002hn SN* 08 10 14.95 +33 57 19.4     16.8     SNIc 21 1
68 NGC 2532 AG? 08 10 15.1864372560 +33 57 23.768999208   12.90       ~ 169 0
69 SN 2003jg SN* 09 45 38.40 -31 11 19.9     17     SNIb/c 18 1
70 NGC 2997 GiG 09 45 38.7542237472 -31 11 27.345810192   9.97 9.41 8.84 9.9 ~ 454 1
71 SN 1993J SN* 09 55 24.77476 +69 01 13.7026   10.8 12.0     SNIIb 1507 1
72 SN 2002cp SN* 09 59 35.95 +35 23 57.4     17.9     SNIb/c 24 1
73 NGC 3074 AG? 09 59 41.2147116065 +35 23 34.127422846   14.8       ~ 70 0
74 SN 2002bl SN* 10 12 17.28 +27 51 52.4     17.0     SNIcpec 33 1
75 Z 153-29 EmG 10 12 17.618 +27 51 43.27   14.3       ~ 74 0
76 SN 2009bb SN* 10 31 33.92 -39 57 28.2           SNIc 185 1
77 NGC 3313 Sy2 10 37 25.4644853016 -25 19 09.838240356   12.38   11.13 11.7 ~ 75 0
78 SN 2002jp SN* 10 37 26.50 -25 21 35.2     16.9     SNIc 16 1
79 NGC 3323 EmG 10 39 39.0315407040 +25 19 22.184099580   14.3       ~ 73 0
80 SN 2004bs SN* 10 39 39.30 +25 19 19.9     17.0     SNIb 23 1
81 SN 2004bm SN* 10 52 35.33 +22 56 05.5     17.5     SNIc 27 1
82 NGC 3437 EmG 10 52 35.7533541720 +22 56 02.883954120   12.575 11.961 11.474 10.818 ~ 193 1
83 SN 2002J SN* 10 54 38.36 -21 03 53.6     16.8     SNIc 25 1
84 SN 2002hy SN* 10 54 39.18 -21 03 41.2     16.4     SNIbpec 24 1
85 NGC 3464 GiG 10 54 40.1376198816 -21 03 59.251207824   13.23   12.01 12.4 ~ 109 0
86 SN 2003L SN* 11 03 12.33 +11 04 38.3     16.9     SNIc 77 1
87 SN 2002ji SN* 11 22 53.15 +16 35 10.0     15.1     SNIb 46 1
88 NGC 3655 Sy2 11 22 54.6356867928 +16 35 24.235700100   12.575 11.904 11.366 10.732 ~ 193 1
89 SN 2007bg SN* 11 49 26.18 +51 49 21.8 20.1 19.8 18.8     SNIc-BL 72 1
90 NGC 3997 EmG 11 57 48.226 +25 16 14.21   14.3       ~ 102 1
91 SN 2004aw SN* 11 57 50.24 +25 15 55.1   18.06       SNIc 209 1
92 SN 2004gt SN* 12 01 50.37 -18 52 12.7   19.42 14.9     SNIc 86 1
93 NGC 4038 EmG 12 01 53.002 -18 52 03.32   10.91   9.74 11.0 ~ 1364 1
94 NGC 4210 LIN 12 15 15.8513778552 +65 59 07.052376192   13.4       ~ 148 0
95 SN 2002ho SN* 12 15 17.97 +65 58 55.1     17.0     SNIc 29 1
96 SN 1979C SN* 12 22 58.58 +15 47 52.7   11.6       SNIIL 609 1
97 PTF 11qcj SN* 13 13 41.51 +47 17 57.0           SNIb 62 0
98 3C 286 Sy1 13 31 08.2883506368 +30 30 32.960091564   17.51 17.25     ~ 4558 2
99 Z 190-60 AGN 13 49 13.912 +35 15 27.04   14.7       ~ 128 1
100 SN 2004bf SN* 13 49 15.45 +35 15 12.5     17.5     SNIc 14 1
101 NGC 5420 Sy2 14 03 59.8865025504 -14 37 00.607122588   13   12.74   ~ 35 0
102 SN 2005N SN* 14 04 02.61 -14 37 48.8     18.8     SNIb/c 15 1
103 SN 1996cr SN* 14 13 10.01139 -65 20 44.5654     19.5     SNIIn: 90 1
104 SN 2003dr SN* 14 38 11.13 +46 38 03.4     18.0     SNIb/cpec 37 1
105 NGC 5714 GiG 14 38 11.5257329928 +46 38 18.035624940   14.2       ~ 112 0
106 SN 2004bu SN* 15 54 52.03 +21 07 11.0     17.1     SNIc 14 1
107 Z 136-115 GiG 15 54 52.0898192400 +21 07 00.081333300   15.4       ~ 28 0
108 Z 54-29 AG? 17 28 08.9372034384 +07 25 20.329142484   15.00       ~ 74 1
109 SN 2004ao SN* 17 28 09.35 +07 24 55.5     14.9     SNIb 49 1
110 Z 278-14 GiP 17 40 16.8737166936 +51 01 46.016748156   15.7       ~ 17 0
111 SN 2003hp SN* 17 40 18.69 +51 01 41.3     18.4     SNIc 14 1
112 SN 2005da SN* 18 37 46.89 +17 32 35.3     16.9     SNIc-BL 19 1
113 Z 114-24 GiG 18 37 54.4712625984 +17 32 02.053418964   15.5       ~ 58 0
114 Z 255-24 G 19 00 48.1693008024 +50 52 52.077012924   15.10       ~ 45 1
115 SN 2005kz SN* 19 00 49.82 +50 53 01.8     18.7     SNIc 26 1
116 SN 2001em SN* 21 42 23.6093 +12 29 50.300     18.6     SNIc: 96 1
117 MCG-04-52-026 GiG 22 13 40.13 -21 44 02.5   15.28   14.56   ~ 36 0
118 SN 2003gf SN* 22 13 40.94 -21 44 03.3     14.6     SNIc: 16 1
119 Z 514-34 GiG 22 27 48.3046969320 +38 35 11.727387672   15.5       ~ 36 0
120 SN 2002hz SN* 22 27 49.54 +38 35 09.5     17.8     SNIb 19 1
121 SN 2008du SN* 22 56 11.84 +03 55 35.4           SNIc 14 1
122 NGC 7422 AG? 22 56 12.385 +03 55 36.42   14.3       ~ 43 0
123 QSO J2257+0243 Bla 22 57 17.56309534 +02 43 17.5116538   18.04 17.96 18.45   ~ 165 1
124 QSO B2256+017 Bla 22 58 57.7527884784 +02 03 42.292754136   19.0 19.0 18.9   ~ 82 1
125 SN 2006dj SN* 22 59 22.89 +53 44 09.8     18.9     SNIb 9 1
126 MCG+09-37-001 AG? 22 59 22.9160376240 +53 44 23.883237564   15.5       ~ 31 0
127 NGC 7460 AG? 23 01 42.8848796688 +02 15 49.154355324   14.2       ~ 65 0
128 SN 2003gk SN* 23 01 42.99 +02 16 08.7     17.1     SNIb 29 1
129 Z 532-9 AG? 23 07 22.8509883456 +43 36 14.066602416   15.5       ~ 34 0
130 SN 2007ru SN* 23 07 23.19 +43 35 34.1     17.5     SNIc-BL 62 1
131 SN 2003jd SN* 23 21 03.38 -04 53 45.5   16.34       SNIc-BL 147 1
132 SN 2006dg SN* 23 45 54.38 +12 03 59.0     18.3     SNIc 11 1
133 IC 1508 AG? 23 45 55.0762715359 +12 03 41.917933374   14.60       ~ 68 0

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