2014MNRAS.442.1693P

Query : 2014MNRAS.442.1693P

2014MNRAS.442.1693P - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 442, 1693-1705 (2014/August-1)

The RoboPol optical polarization survey of gamma-ray-loud blazars.

PAVLIDOU V., ANGELAKIS E., MYSERLIS I., BLINOV D., KING O.G., PAPADAKIS I., TASSIS K., HOVATTA T., PAZDERSKA B., PALEOLOGOU E., BALOKOVIC M., FEILER R., FUHRMANN L., KHODADE P., KUS A., KYLAFIS N., MODI D., PANOPOULOU G., PAPAMASTORAKIS I., PAZDERSKI E., PEARSON T.J., RAJARSHI C., RAMAPRAKASH A., READHEAD A.C.S., REIG P. and ZENSUS J.A.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present first results from RoboPol, a novel-design optical polarimeter operating at the Skinakas Observatory in Crete. The data, taken during the 2013 May-June commissioning of the instrument, constitute a single-epoch linear polarization survey of a sample of gamma-ray-loud blazars, defined according to unbiased and objective selection criteria, easily reproducible in simulations, as well as a comparison sample of, otherwise similar, gamma-ray-quiet blazars. As such, the results of this survey are appropriate for both phenomenological population studies and for tests of theoretical population models. We have measured polarization fractions as low as 0.015 down to R-mag of 17 and as low as 0.035 down to 18 mag. The hypothesis that the polarization fractions of gamma-ray-loud and gamma-ray-quiet blazars are drawn from the same distribution is rejected at the 3σ level. We therefore conclude that gamma-ray-loud and gamma-ray-quiet sources have different optical polarization properties. This is the first time this statistical difference is demonstrated in optical wavelengths. The polarization fraction distributions of both samples are well described by exponential distributions with averages of <p >=6.4 ^+0.9_-0.8×10^-2 for gamma-ray-loud blazars, and <p >=3.2 ^+2.0_-1.1×10^-2 for gamma-ray-quiet blazars. The most probable value for the difference of the means is 3.4^+1.5_-2.0×10^-2. The distribution of polarization angles is statistically consistent with being uniform.

Abstract Copyright: © 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2014)

Journal keyword(s): polarization - galaxies: active - galaxies: jets - galaxies: nuclei

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/442/1693): table2.dat table3.dat>

Nomenclature: Tables 2-3: RBPL JHHMM+DDMM N=89.

Simbad objects: 104

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Number of rows : 104
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 6C 001403+811827 BLL 00 17 08.47489694 +81 35 08.1365094   17.60 16.52 15.95   ~ 405 1
2 ICRF J070232.8+854952 Bla 07 02 32.8197719664 +85 49 52.481305056       17.83   ~ 39 1
3 4C 71.07 Bla 08 41 24.36528508 +70 53 42.1730435     17.30 16.8   ~ 818 1
4 9Y-MST J0849+6606 BLL 08 48 54.6221013864 +66 06 09.502599060       17.2   ~ 46 1
5 7C 095359.3+252945 Bla 09 56 49.87537985 +25 15 16.0498155   17.46 17.21 17.96   ~ 367 2
6 4C 55.17 Bla 09 57 38.1839604096 +55 22 57.754950636   18.24 17.89     ~ 459 1
7 8C 1003+830 BLL 10 10 15.78300886 +82 50 14.3838898     18.30 17.61   ~ 60 1
8 4C 23.24 Bla 10 14 47.06546648 +23 01 16.5707383   17.85 17.78 16.22   ~ 229 1
9 6C 101357+613120 Bla 10 17 25.88756462 +61 16 27.4965040   18.74 18.44 17.87   ~ 101 1
10 7C 1015+3557 Bla 10 18 10.98810472 +35 42 39.4409041   18.62 18.07 17.65   ~ 212 1
11 6C 102947+375354 BLL 10 32 40.7210836656 +37 38 26.750635656   18.42 18.07 17.3   ~ 60 1
12 RX J1037.7+5711 BLL 10 37 44.3078432736 +57 11 55.629345156   17.05 16.54 16.7   ~ 131 1
13 4C 06.41 BLL 10 41 17.16249940 +06 10 16.9237327   16.86 16.70 16.14   ~ 302 1
14 6C 104451+715930 Bla 10 48 27.61992778 +71 43 35.9384142     19.0 17.49   ~ 270 1
15 87GB 105148.6+222705 BLL 10 54 30.6250887672 +22 10 54.796074852 17.67 17.39 17.20 17.1   ~ 68 1
16 RX J1058.6+5628 BLL 10 58 37.7276569824 +56 28 11.207405028   16.80 16.31 14.58   ~ 232 1
17 [VV2006] J110424.1+073053 BLL 11 04 24.07144376 +07 30 53.1810134   17.69 17.32     ~ 70 1
18 [VV98] J112125.1-055356 Bla 11 21 25.10805188 -05 53 56.4399868   19.0       ~ 119 1
19 ICRF J113245.6+003427 BLL 11 32 45.6184743144 +00 34 27.830851248 18.98 18.54 18.08 17.5   ~ 131 1
20 NGC 3894 Bla 11 48 50.35817663 +59 24 56.3822416   12.9   11.57   ~ 268 1
21 QSO B1149-084 Bla 11 52 17.20951637 -08 41 03.3139769     18.50 18   ~ 123 1
22 6C 120027+604804 BLL 12 03 03.5072095320 +60 31 19.163050032   16.82 16.04     ~ 154 2
23 ICRF J120416.6-071009 BLL 12 04 16.6649997552 -07 10 09.006821616   18.01 18.00 14.6   ~ 84 1
24 RX J1217.8+3007 BLL 12 17 52.0819904040 +30 07 00.634936872   16.07 15.62 13.47   G7 516 1
25 QSO B1217+023 BLL 12 20 11.8846520568 +02 03 42.223956876   16.15 15.97 15.6   ~ 338 2
26 4C 04.42 Bla 12 22 22.54962606 +04 13 15.7760715   17.88 17.98 17.06   ~ 354 1
27 RX J1224.4+2436 BLL 12 24 24.1862962656 +24 36 23.499792828   17.93 17.37     ~ 162 1
28 RX J1230.2+2518 BLL 12 30 14.0893292232 +25 18 07.136022996   15.6   14.78   ~ 177 1
29 ICRF J123824.3-195913 BLL 12 38 24.3897323184 -19 59 13.683431148           ~ 54 1
30 [VV2006] J124510.0+570954 BLL 12 45 09.9995503080 +57 09 54.373550040   18.33 17.96     ~ 72 1
31 LB 2449 BLL 12 48 18.7847605224 +58 20 28.717260720   16.10 15.78 15.19   ~ 215 1
32 1RXS J125311.9+530105 BLL 12 53 11.9204702472 +53 01 11.737422696   18.07 17.51 16.4   ~ 143 1
33 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3205 2
34 QSO B1334-127 Bla 13 37 39.78278132 -12 57 24.6933925   18.5 19.00 16.22   ~ 540 1
35 QSO B1352-104 Bla 13 54 46.51868700 -10 41 02.6561979   18.20 18.4     ~ 175 1
36 2FGL J1358.0+0137 BLL 13 57 38.6981776176 +01 28 13.630939788   18.62 18.01 17.5   ~ 57 1
37 6C 141804+543700 BLL 14 19 46.5974051952 +54 23 14.787857796   16.17 15.65 14.16   ~ 630 1
38 PG 1424+240 BLL 14 27 00.3917926224 +23 48 00.037510776 14.52 14.34 14.95 14.5   ~ 420 1
39 8C 1435+638 Bla 14 36 45.8021325144 +63 36 37.866905244   17.06 16.86 16.23   ~ 219 1
40 4C -05.64 Bla 15 10 53.59142427 -05 43 07.4175000   17.44 17.21     ~ 249 1
41 QSO B1509+022 Bla 15 12 15.7418011536 +02 03 16.978221972   18.94 18.31 16.6   ~ 149 1
42 QSO J1512-0906 Bla 15 12 50.53293048 -09 05 59.8297908   16.74 16.54     ~ 1409 1
43 QSO B1514+197 BLL 15 16 56.79616460 +19 32 12.9919519 18.59 18.19 18.7 17.51   ~ 187 1
44 QSO J1526+6650 Bla 15 26 42.8744737248 +66 50 54.644414316   18.26 17.87 17.24   ~ 59 1
45 QSO B1542+614 BLL 15 42 56.9436243096 +61 29 55.346749080   16.9 16.25 16.6   ~ 159 1
46 PMN J1548-2251 BLL 15 48 49.7496670200 -22 51 02.517679080       15.9   ~ 64 1
47 4C 05.64 Bla 15 50 35.26924234 +05 27 10.4483641   19.10 18.73 19.02   ~ 371 1
48 7C 155054.79+581551.00 Bla 15 51 58.2078070152 +58 06 44.454684204   17.03 16.73 15.60   ~ 76 1
49 PG 1553+113 BLL 15 55 43.0440048528 +11 11 24.365649948 14.91 14.72 14.57 13.99   ~ 672 1
50 7C 1557+5633 BLL 15 58 48.2889478488 +56 25 14.121578928   18.08 17.54 17.2   ~ 104 1
51 7C 1602+5739 Bla 16 03 55.9315808928 +57 30 54.414349524     18.3 16.94   ~ 100 1
52 7C 1603+5722 Bla 16 04 37.3548559224 +57 14 36.660126444   18.02 17.79 17.70   ~ 120 1
53 4C 10.45 Bla 16 08 46.20318700 +10 29 07.7757424   18.5 18.70 18.03   ~ 409 1
54 [VV96] J162304.5+662401 Bla 16 23 04.52169655 +66 24 01.0787041   19.477   17.430   ~ 67 1
55 7C 162332.79+565907.00 BLL 16 24 32.1794532480 +56 52 28.002722844   18.76 18.13 17.82   ~ 53 1
56 4C 38.41 Bla 16 35 15.49297809 +38 08 04.5005995   18.14 17.97 17.25   ~ 906 1
57 4C 47.44 Bla 16 37 45.13055568 +47 17 33.8311081   17.5   18.69   ~ 183 1
58 6C 163718+572618 Bla 16 38 13.45629995 +57 20 23.9789828     16.90 16.94   ~ 381 1
59 3C 345 Bla 16 42 58.80997043 +39 48 36.9939552   16.81 16.59 16.84   ~ 1808 3
60 1RXS J164328.1-064627 BLL 16 43 28.9223009616 -06 46 19.767702828           ~ 48 0
61 2MASS J16492498+5235150 BLL 16 49 24.9916367448 +52 35 14.997132672       17   ~ 60 2
62 Z 225-7 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2304 2
63 ICRF J172244.5+101335 Bla 17 22 44.58278208 +10 13 35.7736314       19.4   ~ 79 1
64 7C 172601.30+453309.00 BLL 17 27 27.65080202 +45 30 39.7312530   19.0 18.10 16.64   ~ 233 2
65 RX J1748.5+7005 BLL 17 48 32.8402992264 +70 05 50.768819304   17.46 17.01 15.48   ~ 456 2
66 ICRF J174900.3+432151 BLL 17 49 00.36038214 +43 21 51.2873300     18.21 19.84   ~ 106 1
67 ATO J268.5491+32.2064 BLL 17 54 11.7992994912 +32 12 23.055857100           ~ 62 1
68 1RXS J180043.6+782806 BLL 18 00 45.6838528560 +78 28 04.018028016   16.4 15.90 16.134   ~ 793 1
69 Z 340-35 BLL 18 06 50.6802916920 +69 49 28.109609256   14.77 14.22 11.39   ~ 909 1
70 RX J1809.4+2041 BLL 18 09 25.4519567448 +20 41 30.904155564           ~ 47 0
71 ICRF J181333.4+061542 BLL 18 13 33.4116177456 +06 15 42.035846688       17.48   ~ 75 1
72 7C 181142.79+314318.00 BLL 18 13 35.2028439312 +31 44 17.620234836     17.4 15.2   ~ 116 1
73 4C 56.27 BLL 18 24 07.06837171 +56 51 01.4908155   18.9 19.30 16.48   ~ 510 1
74 2MASS J18362123+3136268 BLL 18 36 21.2402805936 +31 36 26.730232848           ~ 55 1
75 RX J1838.7+4802 BLL 18 38 49.1550459624 +48 02 34.274232744     17.60 15.671   ~ 89 0
76 6C 184359+570638 BLL 18 44 50.9619215088 +57 09 38.584130112           ~ 36 1
77 6C 184914+670207 Bla 18 49 16.07228484 +67 05 41.6802599     16.90 17.45   ~ 305 2
78 6C 185610+734706 Bla 18 54 57.3000303816 +73 51 19.907445924     17.5 16.39   ~ 85 2
79 ICRF J190311.6+554038 BLL 19 03 11.6077129056 +55 40 38.450387568   18.1   16.4   ~ 121 2
80 6C 192647+611105 BLL 19 27 30.4428785736 +61 17 32.878880988   17.5 17.5 16.99   ~ 139 1
81 4C 73.18 BLL 19 27 48.4947009120 +73 58 01.572558816     16.06 15.11   ~ 562 2
82 QSO B1959+650 BLL 19 59 59.8520303688 +65 08 54.652536492     12.8 11.21   ~ 699 2
83 QSO B1958-179 Bla 20 00 57.09043927 -17 48 57.6726139   18.02 18.60 15.33   ~ 288 1
84 8C 2007+777 BLL 20 05 30.9987913056 +77 52 43.248139536     16.5 17.36   ~ 474 1
85 QSO B2012-017 BLL 20 15 15.1579835136 -01 37 32.554493544 18.08 17.86 17.61 16.5   ~ 105 1
86 PMN J2016-0903 BLL 20 16 24.0367778290 -09 03 33.467036321           ~ 55 1
87 6C 202345+760123 BLL 20 22 35.5757966424 +76 11 26.171152728     18.10 17.54   ~ 109 1
88 ICRF J203015.1-062214 Bla 20 30 15.13901027 -06 22 14.9332467       21.9   ~ 57 1
89 RX J2030.8+1935 BLL 20 30 57.1340134032 +19 36 12.930528420           ~ 59 2
90 ICRF J203900.7-104641 BLL 20 39 00.7103307384 -10 46 41.863534320 17.24 16.95 16.69 19.0   ~ 72 1
91 ICRF J204237.3+750802 Sy1 20 42 37.3079247456 +75 08 02.445851940     14.46 13.80   ~ 281 1
92 1RXS J213135.5-091525 BLL 21 31 35.4233915640 -09 15 23.693668272     18.00 17.5   ~ 73 1
93 QSO B2141+1730 Bla 21 43 35.54456275 +17 43 48.7875890   15.91 15.73 15.17   ~ 418 1
94 QSO J2146-1525 Bla 21 46 22.97932711 -15 25 43.8856539   17.70 17.27 17.20   ~ 148 1
95 QSO B2144+093 Bla 21 47 10.16296704 +09 29 46.6722487   18.72 18.54 16.51   ~ 225 1
96 4C 06.69 Bla 21 48 05.45866779 +06 57 38.6041877   16.85 16.47 15.06   ~ 703 1
97 2MASX J21494185+0322516 BLL 21 49 41.8698135840 +03 22 51.435422796 18.01 17.72 17.31     ~ 56 1
98 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2397 1
99 ICRF J221700.8+242145 BLL 22 17 00.82117644 +24 21 45.9580153       19.21   ~ 104 1
100 4C 11.69 Bla 22 32 36.40890093 +11 43 50.9040592   17.75 17.33     ~ 1205 2
101 3C 454.3 Bla 22 53 57.7480438728 +16 08 53.561508864   16.57 16.10 15.22   ~ 3004 2
102 4C 27.50 Bla 23 21 59.86222252 +27 32 46.4436999   19 19.0 18.8   ~ 160 1
103 ICRF J232517.8+395736 BLL 23 25 17.8701567192 +39 57 36.512873352   17.8 17.80 17.8   ~ 83 1
104 2FGL J2341.7+8016 BLL 23 40 54.2290641384 +80 15 16.020826848     18.90 16.8   ~ 59 1

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