2014MNRAS.444.3408Y

Query : 2014MNRAS.444.3408Y

2014MNRAS.444.3408Y - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 444, 3408-3426 (2014/November-2)

The ATLAS3D project - XXVII. Cold gas and the colours and ages of early-type galaxies.

YOUNG L.M., SCOTT N., SERRA P., ALATALO K., BAYET E., BLITZ L., BOIS M., BOURNAUD F., BUREAU M., CROCKER A.F., CAPPELLARI M., DAVIES R.L., DAVIS T.A., DE ZEEUW P.T., DUC P.-A., EMSELLEM E., KHOCHFAR S., KRAJNOVIC D., KUNTSCHNER H., McDERMID R.M., MORGANTI R., NAAB T., OOSTERLOO T., SARZI M. and WEIJMANS A.-M.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a study of the cold gas contents of the Atlas3D early-type galaxies, in the context of their optical colours, near-ultraviolet colours and Hβ absorption line strengths. Early-type (elliptical and lenticular) galaxies are not as gas poor as previously thought, and at least 40 per cent of local early-type galaxies are now known to contain molecular and/or atomic gas. This cold gas offers the opportunity to study recent galaxy evolution through the processes of cold gas acquisition, consumption (star formation) and removal. Molecular and atomic gas detection rates range from 10 to 34 per cent in red sequence early-type galaxies, depending on how the red sequence is defined, and from 50 to 70 per cent in blue early-type galaxies. Notably, massive red sequence early-type galaxies (stellar masses >5x10¹⁰ M_☉, derived from dynamical models) are found to have Hi masses up to M(Hi)/M* ∼ 0.06 and H2 masses up to M(H2)/M* ∼ 0.01. Some 20 per cent of all massive early-type galaxies may have retained atomic and/or molecular gas through their transition to the red sequence. However, kinematic and metallicity signatures of external gas accretion (either from satellite galaxies or the intergalactic medium) are also common, particularly at stellar masses ≤ 5x10¹⁰ M_☉, where such signatures are found in ∼ 50 per cent of H2-rich early-type galaxies. Our data are thus consistent with a scenario in which fast rotator early-type galaxies are quenched former spiral galaxies which have undergone some bulge growth processes, and in addition, some of them also experience cold gas accretion which can initiate a period of modest star formation activity. We discuss implications for the interpretation of colour-magnitude diagrams.

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: ISM - galaxies: structure - radio lines: galaxies

Simbad objects: 185

Full paper

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Number of rows : 185

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2026	#notes
1	NGC 509	GiG	01 23 24.1140214872	+09 26 01.087277424		14.7				~	66	0
2	NGC 661	GiG	01 44 14.5989233928	+28 42 21.162014388		13.0				~	107	0
3	NGC 680	GiP	01 49 47.2923018240	+21 58 15.142526652		13.0				~	154	0
4	NGC 770	GiP	01 59 13.6426514184	+18 57 16.714843308		13.91	13.49			~	111	1
5	NGC 821	AG?	02 08 21.1358498040	+10 59 41.832436704		12.210	11.310	10.739	9.744	~	592	0
6	NGC 1023	AG?	02 40 24.0133575864	+39 03 47.663392896	10.91	10.35	9.35	7.83		~	689	2
7	NGC 1222	Sy2	03 08 56.7398731608	-02 57 18.587969280		13.3		13.0	13.2	~	210	0
8	NGC 1266	Sy1	03 16 00.7739640240	-02 25 37.827013584		14		12.46		~	332	2
9	Z 117-62	AG?	07 40 22.7432879424	+23 16 29.952956244		15.0				~	80	0
10	NGC 2481	GiP	07 57 13.7562119808	+23 46 03.959740416		13.4				~	76	0
11	NGC 2549	AG?	08 18 58.3507032336	+57 48 11.022298740		12.1				~	271	0
12	NGC 2577	GiP	08 22 43.4495600280	+22 33 11.142071640		13.8				~	133	0
13	NGC 2592	AG?	08 27 08.0516435904	+25 58 13.122058224		13.6				~	126	0
14	NGC 2594	AG?	08 27 17.1616179576	+25 52 43.686523164		15.0				~	60	0
15	Z 237-15	AG?	08 44 05.9308682352	+49 47 37.870900980	13.87	13.40	12.46			~	106	1
16	NGC 2679	GiP	08 51 32.9418201528	+30 51 55.211530176		14.3				~	81	0
17	NGC 2685	Sy2	08 55 34.7027817000	+58 44 03.876540108		13.68	12.70			~	459	1
18	NGC 2764	GiG	09 08 17.5023934176	+21 26 36.007547028		13.9				~	130	1
19	NGC 2768	SyG	09 11 37.504	+60 02 13.95	11.30	10.84	9.87			~	526	2
20	NGC 2778	GiP	09 12 24.3741783168	+35 01 39.140496840		13.1				~	303	0
21	NGC 2824	AGN	09 19 02.2176446256	+26 16 11.997810444		14.3				~	126	1
22	NGC 2852	GiP	09 23 14.6019569160	+40 09 49.759151868		14.0				~	73	0
23	NGC 2859	AG?	09 24 18.5266762368	+34 30 48.561305832		11.8				~	270	0
24	NGC 2880	GiG	09 29 34.5699581472	+62 29 26.020090572		12.6				~	166	0
25	NGC 2950	AG?	09 42 35.1484995048	+58 51 04.584956904		11.8				~	223	0
26	NGC 3032	AGN	09 52 08.1524118072	+29 14 10.364182440		13.87	13.28			~	260	0
27	Z 64-21	AG?	09 59 43.4925294240	+11 39 38.647730772		14.6				~	56	0
28	NGC 3073	EmG	10 00 52.0678224264	+55 37 07.881619152	14.12	14.07	13.40			~	201	2
29	NGC 3098	GiG	10 02 16.6969955520	+24 42 39.887384724		13.00				~	143	0
30	Z 289-28	AGN	10 03 51.9487763664	+59 26 10.665521556		14.96	14.42			~	146	0
31	Z 64-55	Sy2	10 05 51.1824374496	+12 57 40.722432408		15.3				~	69	0
32	NGC 3156	GiG	10 12 41.2457368824	+03 07 45.701284764		12.8				~	241	0
33	IC 598	LIN	10 12 48.5669270904	+43 08 43.971776304		13.8				~	62	0
34	NGC 3193	GiP	10 18 24.884	+21 53 38.32	12.29	11.83	10.88	12.19		~	301	1
35	NGC 3182	Sy2	10 19 33.0239134272	+58 12 20.586154752		13.0				~	121	0
36	NGC 3226	rG	10 23 27.0064075320	+19 53 54.674937420		14.32	13.33			~	440	1
37	NGC 3230	LSB	10 23 43.9569304632	+12 34 03.913754088		14.9				~	66	0
38	NGC 3245	LIN	10 27 18.3864983136	+28 30 26.621599932		11.6				~	372	0
39	NGC 3248	GiG	10 27 45.4389454896	+22 50 49.805614320		13.9				~	83	0
40	NGC 3301	GiG	10 36 56.0401118904	+21 52 55.516904976		12.2				~	152	0
41	NGC 3377	GiP	10 47 42.400	+13 59 08.30	11.55	11.24	10.38			~	798	1
42	M 105	LIN	10 47 49.600	+12 34 53.87		10.56	9.76	9.12	8.18	~	1504	0
43	NGC 3384	GiG	10 48 16.8855574392	+12 37 45.371165844		10.0				~	617	1
44	NGC 3400	GiG	10 50 45.4714077120	+28 28 08.670392472		14.3				~	62	0
45	NGC 3412	GiG	10 50 53.2803559464	+13 24 43.721664876	11.84	11.45	10.54			~	248	1
46	NGC 3414	GiC	10 51 16.2099174408	+27 58 30.297624852		12.1				~	353	0
47	NGC 3457	GiG	10 54 48.6357589320	+17 37 16.420097712		13.0				~	108	0
48	NGC 3458	GiG	10 56 01.4778952176	+57 07 01.095032244		13.20				~	117	1
49	NGC 3489	GiG	11 00 18.5483994744	+13 54 04.206202668	11.46	11.12	10.29			~	429	1
50	NGC 3499	GiG	11 03 11.0483985840	+56 13 18.448285980		14.3				~	81	0
51	NGC 3522	GiG	11 06 40.4644062552	+20 05 07.900946304		14.13				~	116	1
52	Z 125-29	H2G	11 07 24.6828148008	+21 39 25.578974664		14.8				~	83	0
53	NGC 3530	GiG	11 08 40.3857756096	+57 13 48.553797288		14.4				~	57	0
54	IC 676	H2G	11 12 39.8140774166	+09 03 19.836734750		13.4				~	152	0
55	NGC 3595	GiG	11 15 25.5491549736	+47 26 49.424185356		13.0				~	73	0
56	NGC 3599	GiP	11 15 26.9494646448	+18 06 37.428503940		13.0				~	226	0
57	NGC 3605	GiG	11 16 46.5896102400	+18 01 01.777666908		12.7				~	261	0
58	NGC 3607	Sy2	11 16 54.65687	+18 03 06.5120		13.84	12.76			~	490	1
59	NGC 3608	LIN	11 16 58.967	+18 08 54.71		11.7				~	527	0
60	NGC 3610	GiG	11 18 25.2827189856	+58 47 10.433735988		11.4				~	327	0
61	NGC 3613	GiG	11 18 36.130	+57 59 59.73		11.6				~	221	0
62	NGC 3619	GiG	11 19 21.5781353400	+57 45 28.018459368		12.6				~	180	0
63	NGC 3626	GiG	11 20 03.8069651160	+18 21 24.543304164		11.2				~	282	0
64	NGC 3648	GiG	11 22 31.5070422432	+39 52 36.753613320		13.57	12.64			~	84	0
65	NGC 3658	GiG	11 23 58.2657360576	+38 33 44.359464384		13.3				~	88	0
66	NGC 3665	GiG	11 24 43.630	+38 45 46.05	13.71	13.26	11.62			~	364	1
67	NGC 3674	GiG	11 26 26.6135762208	+57 02 54.069580860		13.1				~	85	0
68	NGC 3694	GiG	11 28 54.1323482808	+35 24 50.364511164		13.5				~	71	0
69	Z 186-9	GiG	11 34 27.5496336672	+33 10 44.499891720		15.0				~	48	0
70	NGC 3757	GiG	11 37 02.8650138288	+58 24 55.817369748		13.5				~	87	0
71	NGC 3796	GiG	11 40 31.1262142584	+60 17 55.999438980		13.4				~	79	0
72	NGC 3838	GiP	11 44 13.7648109936	+57 56 53.538816012		12.7				~	102	0
73	NGC 3941	Sy2	11 52 55.3609498656	+36 59 10.716212904		11.45	11.62	9.97		~	261	0
74	NGC 3945	GiG	11 53 13.6081388304	+60 40 32.125024704		11.6				~	265	0
75	NGC 3998	Sy2	11 57 56.1334044408	+55 27 12.922443432		11.64	12.10	10.09		~	682	2
76	NGC 4026	GiP	11 59 25.0914676128	+50 57 41.951225700		12.17				~	290	0
77	NGC 4036	LIN	12 01 26.7603659808	+61 53 44.625848784		12.18	11.20			~	282	0
78	NGC 4078	GiG	12 04 47.6340386496	+10 35 44.325761640		13.9				~	84	0
79	NGC 4111	LIN	12 07 03.1334091672	+43 03 56.345868252	12.07	11.63	10.74			~	350	1
80	NGC 4124	EmG	12 08 09.6312226800	+10 22 44.303673612		12.7				~	167	1
81	NGC 4143	LIN	12 09 36.0679174440	+42 32 03.031963368		13.04	12.08			~	251	0
82	NGC 4150	GiG	12 10 33.655	+30 24 05.35	12.72	12.44	11.64			~	331	2
83	NGC 4168	Sy2	12 12 17.2692381408	+13 12 18.688208724	12.58	12.11	11.18			~	393	1
84	NGC 4203	LIN	12 15 05.0549203560	+33 11 50.383965120		12.98	11.99			~	514	2
85	NGC 4233	GiG	12 17 07.690	+07 37 27.96		13.2				~	174	0
86	NGC 4251	GiP	12 18 08.3407168056	+28 10 31.135758600		11.5				~	211	0
87	NGC 4262	GiG	12 19 30.5694336288	+14 52 39.517143276	13.00	12.49	11.55			~	378	1
88	NGC 4267	GiG	12 19 45.2735790120	+12 47 53.704780368		12.4				~	256	0
89	NGC 4278	LIN	12 20 06.8242	+29 16 50.722	11.54	11.09	10.16			~	988	2
90	NGC 4283	GiG	12 20 20.7691223880	+29 18 39.154727556	13.47	13.00	12.07			~	209	1
91	NGC 4281	GiG	12 20 21.5246429784	+05 23 11.188759092		12.5				~	195	0
92	NGC 4324	GiG	12 23 06.1747492368	+05 15 01.229253372		12.5				~	208	0
93	NGC 4346	GiG	12 23 27.9622537560	+46 59 37.642074396		12.3				~	122	0
94	NGC 4340	GiP	12 23 35.2816311336	+16 43 20.443217952		12.4				~	288	0
95	NGC 4350	GiP	12 23 57.814	+16 41 36.08		11.5	11.08			~	331	0
96	NGC 4371	GiG	12 24 55.4333579760	+11 42 15.144247584	12.35	11.79	10.81			~	345	1
97	M 84	Sy2	12 25 03.74333	+12 53 13.1393	12.67	12.09	10.49			~	1841	2
98	NGC 4377	GiG	12 25 12.3315185232	+14 45 43.811084016		12.5				~	239	0
99	NGC 4379	GiG	12 25 14.7458757864	+15 36 26.755074576	13.05	12.63	11.72			~	239	1
100	M 85	GiP	12 25 24.053	+18 11 27.89		10.2				~	678	0
101	NGC 4387	GiG	12 25 41.6768484264	+12 48 37.804615956	13.42	13.01	12.12		10.87	~	409	1
102	M 86	GiG	12 26 11.814	+12 56 45.49	10.32	9.83	8.90		7.50	~	1126	1
103	NGC 4425	GiG	12 27 13.3361738592	+12 44 05.190746352	13.12	12.73	11.83			~	198	1
104	NGC 4429	GiG	12 27 26.5040002440	+11 06 27.588767616		11.4				~	348	0
105	NGC 4435	GiG	12 27 40.503	+13 04 44.48	12.23	11.74	10.80			~	474	2
106	NGC 4452	GiG	12 28 43.2980346552	+11 45 18.201826692	13.27	12.87	11.98			~	215	1
107	NGC 4458	GiP	12 28 57.5613938232	+13 14 30.946545276	13.27	12.93	12.07			~	429	2
108	NGC 4459	H2G	12 29 00.0329905416	+13 58 42.826603332		11.6				~	567	0
109	NGC 4461	GiP	12 29 03.010	+13 11 01.88	12.56	12.09	11.19			~	247	2
110	NGC 4473	GiG	12 29 48.878	+13 25 45.55	11.60	11.16	10.20			~	671	1
111	NGC 4474	GiG	12 29 53.5396737408	+14 04 06.881708604		12.6				~	278	0
112	NGC 4476	GiG	12 29 59.0772974472	+12 20 55.292203464	13.28	13.01	12.19			~	340	1
113	NGC 4477	Sy2	12 30 02.1955766304	+13 38 11.543715888	11.98	11.38	10.42			~	419	2
114	NAME Virgo Cluster	ClG	12 30 47.8	+12 23 07						~	7107	0
115	M 87	AGN	12 30 49.42338414	+12 23 28.0436859	10.16	9.59	8.63		7.49	~	7815	3
116	NGC 4489	GiG	12 30 52.2472748976	+16 45 31.866359004		13.2				~	264	0
117	NGC 4486A	GiG	12 30 57.7095721176	+12 16 13.316512872		11.2	11.59	12.02		~	242	1
118	NGC 4494	GiP	12 31 24.0391348536	+25 46 30.071664120		10.55	9.74			~	491	0
119	NGC 4503	GiP	12 32 06.2324986032	+11 10 34.960071396	12.66	12.05	11.07			~	225	1
120	NGC 4521	GiP	12 32 47.6521626240	+63 56 21.065674776		13.0				~	92	0
121	NGC 4526	GiC	12 34 03.02853	+07 41 56.9040		10.6				~	707	0
122	NGC 4528	GiG	12 34 06.0685723920	+11 19 16.528093428	13.39	12.97	12.06			~	201	1
123	NGC 4550	GiP	12 35 30.5913588048	+12 13 14.921166792	12.97	12.56	11.68			~	558	1
124	NGC 4551	GiP	12 35 37.9542692328	+12 15 50.284593432	13.49	12.97	12.02			~	371	1
125	M 89	Sy2	12 35 39.80733343	+12 33 22.8308657	11.29	10.73	9.75			~	1037	2
126	NGC 4564	GiG	12 36 26.9869512504	+11 26 21.204472848	12.51	12.05	11.12			~	615	1
127	NGC 4578	GiG	12 37 30.5571349752	+09 33 18.241180344		12.9				~	297	0
128	IC 3631	AG?	12 39 48.0178208472	+12 58 26.295194604		14.5				~	102	0
129	NGC 4596	GiP	12 39 55.9544722920	+10 10 34.185047628		12.4				~	387	0
130	NGC 4608	GiG	12 41 13.2848464320	+10 09 20.336341500		12.6				~	206	0
131	M 59	GiG	12 42 02.2581375168	+11 38 48.909507756		11.0				~	721	0
132	NGC 4638	GiP	12 42 47.4239240016	+11 26 32.970950556		12.2	11.23			~	295	1
133	M 60	GiC	12 43 39.9708251934	+11 33 09.688174067		10.3				~	1395	1
134	NGC 4660	GiP	12 44 31.9814021280	+11 11 25.739106972		12.1				~	434	0
135	NGC 4684	GiG	12 47 17.5097110680	-02 43 38.661355884		12.4				~	153	0
136	NGC 4694	AGN	12 48 15.091	+10 59 01.05		13.93	13.36			~	302	0
137	NGC 4710	H2G	12 49 38.958	+15 09 55.76		11.6				~	329	0
138	NGC 4733	GiP	12 51 06.7716245736	+10 54 43.486587972		13.2				~	152	0
139	NGC 4754	GiP	12 52 17.563	+11 18 49.18		11.6				~	295	0
140	NGC 4753	GiG	12 52 22.112	-01 11 58.88	11.26	10.85	9.95			~	288	1
141	NGC 4762	LIN	12 52 56.049	+11 13 50.88		11.1				~	377	0
142	Z 71-82	AG?	12 58 18.746	+13 23 29.07		14.9				~	51	0
143	NGC 5103	GiG	13 20 30.1029602496	+43 05 02.219249040		13.6				~	100	0
144	NGC 5173	GiP	13 28 25.2798599736	+46 35 29.890508928		13.10				~	153	1
145	NGC 5198	GiP	13 30 11.3858465016	+46 40 14.667297420		13.2				~	189	0
146	NGC 5273	Sy1	13 42 08.3801616672	+35 39 15.467518836		14.01	13.12			~	510	0
147	NGC 5308	GiP	13 47 00.4361008824	+60 58 23.334066588		12.5				~	217	0
148	NGC 5322	SyG	13 49 15.24	+60 11 25.8		11.3				~	432	2
149	NGC 5342	GiG	13 51 25.898	+59 51 46.85		14.4				~	68	0
150	NGC 5353	rG	13 53 26.7104646981	+40 16 59.200050598		11.8		10.57		~	309	1
151	NGC 5355	GiP	13 53 45.5694778488	+40 20 19.254210180		14.0		13.08		~	126	0
152	NGC 5358	GiP	13 54 00.4229168952	+40 16 38.364580668		14.6		13.35		~	102	0
153	NGC 5379	GiP	13 55 34.347	+59 44 34.17		14.1				~	108	0
154	Z 246-28	GiG	13 56 58.0631953080	+45 58 23.672587944		14.3				~	66	0
155	NGC 5422	GiG	14 00 42.0190513968	+55 09 51.863031684		13.1				~	164	0
156	NGC 5473	GiG	14 04 43.2276404712	+54 53 33.499699368		12.5				~	156	0
157	NGC 5475	GiG	14 05 12.4060318056	+55 44 30.694106112		13.4				~	107	0
158	NGC 5481	AG?	14 06 41.2682134344	+50 43 23.823257124		13.5				~	136	0
159	NGC 5485	LIN	14 07 11.3594809920	+55 00 06.084219996	14.34	13.82	12.22			~	267	0
160	Z 272-32	GiG	14 07 39.2769935208	+54 47 40.635200328		14.7				~	52	0
161	NGC 5500	GiG	14 10 15.2332280184	+48 32 46.013176572		14.5				~	72	0
162	NGC 5557	GiG	14 18 25.708	+36 29 37.28		12.2				~	237	0
163	NGC 5582	GiP	14 20 43.1108121696	+39 41 36.927369816		13.0				~	128	0
164	NGC 5611	AG?	14 24 04.7758256208	+33 02 50.707920444		13.5				~	94	0
165	NGC 5631	Sy2	14 26 33.2913328320	+56 34 57.424681848		13.51	12.55			~	204	0
166	Z 247-32	GiG	14 29 14.4628913448	+44 41 56.451152832		15.2				~	50	0
167	IC 1024	GiG	14 31 27.221	+03 00 32.78		13.87				~	127	1
168	NGC 5687	AG?	14 34 52.4035487328	+54 28 33.102669864		13.30				~	113	0
169	Z 192-59	AG?	14 46 21.127	+34 22 14.34		14.4				~	103	0
170	M 102	SyG	15 06 29.561	+55 45 47.91	11.12	10.74	9.89			~	578	2
171	Z 51-21	AG?	16 02 11.6151683568	+07 05 09.904216668		15.0				~	65	0
172	Z 52-15	AG?	16 26 04.2968240808	+02 54 23.887533672		15.4				~	66	0
173	NGC 6149	LIN	16 27 24.2315841696	+19 35 49.852602960		14.8				~	63	0
174	NGC 6278	GiP	17 00 50.3235598776	+23 00 39.735179064		13.8				~	173	0
175	NGC 6547	AG?	18 05 10.0215915936	+25 13 57.451423620		14.3				~	50	0
176	NGC 6548	GiP	18 05 59.2439762424	+18 35 14.256371040		13.1				~	82	0
177	Z 113-24	AG?	18 09 26.580	+19 07 03.65		15.1				~	42	0
178	NGC 6703	AG?	18 47 18.8166660360	+45 33 02.274865812		12.29	11.34			~	225	0
179	NGC 6798	AG?	19 24 03.1663172664	+53 37 29.387614044		14.5				~	69	0
180	NGC 7280	GiP	22 26 27.5758899936	+16 08 53.421593496		13.6				~	169	0
181	NGC 7332	GiP	22 37 24.5373044952	+23 47 53.830708800		12.0				~	391	0
182	NGC 7457	AG?	23 00 59.9263288440	+30 08 41.764398792		11.04	11.87			~	459	0
183	NGC 7454	GiG	23 01 06.5120307216	+16 23 18.484008792		13.6				~	157	0
184	NGC 7465	Sy2	23 02 00.9603717552	+15 57 53.236032120		13.3				~	333	0
185	Z 454-71	AG?	23 28 29.0927785944	+19 51 49.576305384		14.9				~	38	0

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