2015ApJ...805...31L

Query : 2015ApJ...805...31L

2015ApJ...805...31L - Astrophys. J., 805, 31 (2015/May-3)

The global star formation laws of galaxies from a radio continuum perspective.

LIU L., GAO Y. and GREVE T.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

We study the global star formation law–the relation between gas and star formation (SF) rates–in a sample of 181 local galaxies with infrared (IR) luminosities spanning almost five orders of magnitude (), which includes 115 normal spiral galaxies and 66 (ultra)luminous IR galaxies ((U)LIRGs,). We derive their atomic, molecular gas, and dense molecular gas masses using newly available Hi, CO, and HCN data from the literature, and SF rates are determined both from total IR () and 1.4 GHz radio continuum (RC) luminosities. In order to derive the disk-averaged surface densities of gas and SF rates, we have taken a novel approach and used high-resolution RC observations to measure the radio sizes for all 181 galaxies. In our sample, we find that the surface density of dense molecular gas (as traced by HCN) has the tightest correlation with that of SF rates (ΣSFR), and is linear in log-log space (power-law slope of N = 1.01±0.02) across the full galaxy sample. The correlation between surface densities of molecular gas (, traced by CO) and ΣSFR is sensitive to the adopted value of the CO-to- conversion factor (αCO) used to infer molecular gas masses from CO luminosities. For a fixed Galactic value of αCO, a power law index of 1.14±0.02 is found. If instead we adopt values for αCOof 4.6 and 0.8 for disk galaxies and (U)LIRGs, respectively, we find the two galaxy populations separate into two distinct ΣSFRversus relations. Finally, applying a continuously varying αCOto our sample, we recover a single ΣSFR- relation with slope of 1.60±0.03. The ΣSFRis a steeper function of total gas Σgas(molecular gas with atomic gas) than that of molecular gas, and are tighter among low-luminosity galaxies. We find no correlation between global surface densities of SFRs and atomic gas (H i).

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: evolution - galaxies: ISM - galaxies: spiral - galaxies: starburst - stars: formation

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/805/31): table1.dat table2.dat refs.dat>

Simbad objects: 185

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Number of rows : 185
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 23 AGN 00 09 53.411 +25 55 25.46   12.5       ~ 331 2
2 NGC 17 Sy2 00 11 06.612 -12 06 28.33   14.14 13.52     ~ 369 1
3 NGC 134 EmG 00 30 21.61 -33 14 46.2   11.14 10.12 9.69 10.4 ~ 176 1
4 NVSS J003600-271535 rG 00 36 00.3760623744 -27 15 33.890537268   17.18       ~ 42 0
5 NGC 174 Sy2 00 36 58.925 -29 28 40.34   13.82   12.56   ~ 45 0
6 LIN 78 HXB 00 46 32.6338987968 -73 06 05.564426436 12.53 13.59 13.827   13.999 O3/4V 49 0
7 NGC 253 SyG 00 47 33.134 -25 17 19.68   8.03   6.94 8.1 ~ 3588 2
8 MCG+12-02-001 AG? 00 54 03.943 +73 05 05.23   16       ~ 120 1
9 RMC 24 sg* 01 02 12.3192840720 -72 02 51.509442984   12.50 12.47     A0Iab 22 0
10 IC 1623 IG 01 07 47.24 -17 30 25.0   15       ~ 338 2
11 NGC 520 AGN 01 24 35.07120 +03 47 32.6760 12.41 12.24 11.42     ~ 528 3
12 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
13 M 74 G 01 36 41.7451236624 +15 47 01.107512304 10.52 10.00 9.46 9.16   ~ 1934 1
14 IRAS 01364-1042 LIN 01 38 52.86288 -10 27 11.5848   16.77   15.74   ~ 132 0
15 NGC 660 Sy2 01 43 02.350 +13 38 44.45   12.02 11.16     ~ 588 2
16 ZW III 35 Sy2 01 44 30.516 +17 06 09.18   15.24 14.81     ~ 261 1
17 NGC 695 AGN 01 51 14.3479513536 +22 34 55.956444960   13.7       ~ 201 1
18 NGC 772 GiP 01 59 19.5557148984 +19 00 27.475677216 11.35 11.09 10.31 10.23 9.38 ~ 339 1
19 NGC 828 AGN 02 10 09.5469097104 +39 11 25.233638244   13.0       ~ 171 1
20 IC 214 AGN 02 14 05.53344 +05 10 23.8692   14.4       ~ 157 0
21 NGC 891 H2G 02 22 32.907 +42 20 53.95 11.08 10.81 9.93 7.86   ~ 1741 2
22 Z 553-7 AGN 02 24 07.9838118384 +47 58 10.747047684   15.7       ~ 94 1
23 NGC 925 H2G 02 27 16.913 +33 34 43.97   10.69 10.12 9.55   ~ 818 1
24 NGC 931 Sy1 02 28 14.4689104272 +31 18 41.469363324   15.71 14.74     ~ 426 1
25 NGC 1022 GiG 02 38 32.703 -06 40 38.60 12.33 12.09 11.34     ~ 213 1
26 NGC 1055 EmG 02 41 45.233 +00 26 35.45 11.59 11.40 10.59 10.5 10.7 ~ 297 2
27 UGCA 39 GiG 02 41 55.092 +59 36 14.73   16       ~ 360 1
28 M 77 Sy2 02 42 40.7091669408 -00 00 47.859690204 9.70 9.61 8.87 10.1 9.9 ~ 4897 2
29 NGC 1058 Sy2 02 43 30.0264850248 +37 20 28.782851784   12.29 11.75 10.85   ~ 483 0
30 NGC 1097 LIN 02 46 19.059 -30 16 29.68 10.46 9.97 9.48 8.72 9.8 ~ 1448 3
31 NGC 1142 Sy2 02 55 12.2311509144 -00 11 00.807149472   15.42 14.41     ~ 350 1
32 Z 463-51 G 03 08 30.7190875152 +20 46 20.121735648   15.1       ~ 50 0
33 NGC 1266 Sy1 03 16 00.7739640240 -02 25 37.827013584   14   12.46   ~ 332 2
34 NGC 1365 Sy1 03 33 36.458 -36 08 26.37 10.48 10.08 9.63 8.79 9.7 ~ 1987 2
35 IC 342 AGN 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1579 1
36 NGC 1530 AG? 04 23 27.102 +75 17 44.05   13.40       ~ 287 1
37 NGC 1569 rG 04 30 49.186 +64 50 52.52 11.72 11.86 11.03     ~ 1297 3
38 NGC 1614 Sy1 04 34 00.027 -08 34 44.57   14.66 13.99     ~ 697 1
39 NGC 1667 Sy2 04 48 37.1804579280 -06 19 11.824427712   13.66 12.86 11.72   ~ 384 2
40 NGC 1808 Sy2 05 07 42.343 -37 30 46.98 11.05 10.80 9.94 9.36 10.2 ~ 756 3
41 ZW VII 31 rG 05 16 46.44456 +79 40 12.4320   15.8       ~ 159 1
42 IRAS 05189-2524 Sy2 05 21 01.3994605776 -25 21 45.321827832   15.47 14.75     ~ 545 0
43 MCG+10-09-002 Sy2 05 45 47.836 +58 42 03.83   16.0       ~ 110 2
44 NGC 2146 AGN 06 18 37.710 +78 21 25.27 11.67 11.38 10.59     ~ 765 2
45 NGC 2273 Sy1 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 566 2
46 NGC 2369 Sy1 07 16 37.753 -62 20 37.51   13.23   11.56 12.3 ~ 137 0
47 NGC 2276 AG? 07 27 14.485 +85 45 16.20   12.3       ~ 393 0
48 NGC 2388 AGN 07 28 53.4535009080 +33 49 08.554343196   14.7       ~ 145 2
49 NGC 2416 AG? 07 35 41.525 +11 36 43.31   14.3       ~ 45 0
50 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
51 Z 286-62 Sy1 07 47 29.0792948928 +60 56 00.658649544   15.18 14.71     ~ 253 0
52 NVSS J080947+050108 rG 08 09 47.236 +05 01 09.36           ~ 28 0
53 MCG-04-21-005 AGN 08 36 15.190 -26 24 33.66 12.04 11.93 11.45 11.09 12.3 ~ 600 3
54 NGC 2623 LIN 08 38 24.016 +25 45 16.29 14.10 13.99 13.36     ~ 533 2
55 NGC 2764 GiG 09 08 17.5023934176 +21 26 36.007547028   13.9       ~ 130 1
56 UGC 4881 IG 09 15 55.5 +44 19 58   14.9       ~ 178 0
57 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1113 1
58 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
59 Z 289-11 Sy2 09 35 51.6045544584 +61 21 11.589382368   15.20 15.50     ~ 617 2
60 NGC 2976 GiG 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 712 1
61 NGC 3032 AGN 09 52 08.1524118072 +29 14 10.364182440   13.87 13.28     ~ 260 0
62 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4725 3
63 M 82 AGN 09 55 52.430 +69 40 46.93 9.61 9.30 8.41     ~ 6156 6
64 NGC 3079 Sy2 10 01 57.8789863992 +55 40 47.449758324 11.57 11.54 10.86     ~ 1476 3
65 NGC 3110 Sy1 10 04 02.12400 -06 28 29.1250   13.4   13.3 12.5 ~ 191 2
66 IC 2545 Sy1 10 06 04.581 -33 53 05.55   15.27 14.27 14.25   ~ 117 0
67 NGC 3147 Sy2 10 16 53.6388580752 +73 24 02.641798224   11.43 10.61     ~ 533 2
68 NVSS J102000+081335 rG 10 20 00.1849825704 +08 13 33.648546108   17.5       ~ 167 1
69 NGC 3256 Sy2 10 27 51.284 -43 54 13.55   11.83 11.33 10.62 11.9 ~ 920 2
70 NGC 3310 AGN 10 38 45.85707 +53 30 11.8940   12.45 12.15     ~ 809 1
71 NGC 3338 SyG 10 42 07.5363224928 +13 44 49.177468104   12.1       ~ 268 0
72 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1238 2
73 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 862 1
74 IRAS 10565+2448 LIN 10 59 18.12811 +24 32 34.7357   15.7       ~ 302 0
75 NGC 3486 Sy2 11 00 23.946 +28 58 29.35 10.89 11.11 10.53 10.40   ~ 373 1
76 NGC 3504 LIN 11 03 11.19147 +27 58 20.7660   13.48 12.93     ~ 545 2
77 APG 148 IG 11 03 53.89153 +40 50 59.8850   14.29       ~ 190 1
78 NGC 3521 EmG 11 05 48.5680991376 -00 02 09.245076540 10.06 9.83 9.02 10.1 9.6 ~ 879 2
79 M 108 AGN 11 11 30.967 +55 40 26.84   10.70       ~ 497 1
80 IC 676 H2G 11 12 39.8140774166 +09 03 19.836734750   13.4       ~ 152 0
81 NGC 3620 AG? 11 16 04.680 -76 12 58.74   15.9       ~ 78 1
82 M 66 AGN 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1509 4
83 NGC 3628 LIN 11 20 17.018 +13 35 22.16   10.42 9.48 9.22   ~ 853 3
84 NGC 3631 AG? 11 21 02.8871865144 +53 10 10.415331660   11.0       ~ 385 1
85 NGC 3665 GiG 11 24 43.630 +38 45 46.05 13.71 13.26 11.62     ~ 364 1
86 NGC 3675 GiG 11 26 08.5641089832 +43 35 09.587062464   11.04   9.57   ~ 300 1
87 NGC 3690 IG 11 28 31.0 +58 33 41   13.19 12.86     ~ 1015 4
88 NGC 3726 G 11 33 21.1367545656 +47 01 45.280222428   11.11   10.02   ~ 374 0
89 NGC 3893 GiG 11 48 38.207 +48 42 38.84   11.23 10.67     ~ 391 1
90 NGC 3938 GiG 11 52 49.4335936248 +44 07 14.697085116 10.80 10.90 10.38     ~ 566 1
91 MCG-06-26-013 EmG 11 53 11.722 -39 07 48.72   13.30   11.86   ~ 203 1
92 NGC 4030 EmG 12 00 23.6102390784 -01 06 00.197099136   11.42   10.3 10.4 ~ 361 1
93 NGC 4038 EmG 12 01 53.002 -18 52 03.32   10.91   9.74 11.0 ~ 1364 1
94 NGC 4041 SyG 12 02 12.2376697152 +62 08 14.096124312   11.6       ~ 270 1
95 NGC 4150 GiG 12 10 33.655 +30 24 05.35 12.72 12.44 11.64     ~ 331 2
96 NGC 4178 H2G 12 12 46.443 +10 51 57.59   12.9       ~ 367 0
97 IRAS 12112+0305 PaG 12 13 45.98880 +02 48 39.9600           ~ 373 0
98 [CGM90] IRAS 12112+0305 NE rG 12 13 46.10735 +02 48 41.4959           ~ 369 0
99 NGC 4189 GiC 12 13 47.2380839784 +13 25 29.445094632   12.51 11.74     ~ 294 1
100 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 1004 2
101 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2512 4
102 NGC 4294 GiC 12 21 17.787 +11 30 39.99   12.6       ~ 320 0
103 NGC 4299 GiC 12 21 40.548 +11 29 59.74   12.8       ~ 271 0
104 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 1084 1
105 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1963 2
106 NGC 4394 GiP 12 25 55.6366312872 +18 12 50.110707636   11.9       ~ 379 0
107 NGC 4402 GiC 12 26 07.65312 +13 06 47.9376   12.55       ~ 421 2
108 NGC 4414 GiC 12 26 27.1276893168 +31 13 24.626206488 11.12 10.96 10.12     ~ 593 2
109 NGC 4355 Sy2 12 26 54.6206739120 -00 52 39.421212996   14.21 13.37     ~ 527 2
110 NGC 4459 H2G 12 29 00.0329905416 +13 58 42.826603332   11.6       ~ 567 0
111 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
112 M 88 Sy2 12 31 59.1525062448 +14 25 13.148971824   14.33 13.18     ~ 843 1
113 NGC 4519 GiG 12 33 30.278 +08 39 16.06   12.8       ~ 295 0
114 NGC 4526 GiC 12 34 03.02853 +07 41 56.9040   10.6       ~ 707 0
115 NGC 4535 H2G 12 34 20.3443516704 +08 11 51.908488116   11.1       ~ 679 0
116 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 639 0
117 NGC 4561 GiG 12 36 08.137 +19 19 21.32   12.7       ~ 211 0
118 M 90 Sy2 12 36 49.8009839880 +13 09 46.523813040 10.56 10.26 9.54     ~ 953 1
119 NGC 4571 GiC 12 36 56.3722998960 +14 13 02.296534836   13.6       ~ 368 1
120 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.59747 +11 49 05.1240 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1140 2
121 NGC 4631 GiC 12 42 08.009 +32 32 29.44   9.78 9.19 9.10   ~ 1154 3
122 NGC 4639 Sy1 12 42 52.3785000336 +13 15 26.706153600   13.62 12.72     ~ 642 0
123 NGC 4647 H2G 12 43 32.542 +11 34 56.89   12.5 12.5     ~ 423 1
124 NGC 4651 LIN 12 43 42.6376070448 +16 23 36.002649300   11.30 10.92 10.42 9.84 ~ 537 0
125 NGC 4654 H2G 12 43 56.638 +13 07 34.86   11.8       ~ 600 1
126 NGC 4689 H2G 12 47 45.5568088416 +13 45 46.135889100   12.8       ~ 418 0
127 NGC 4698 Sy2 12 48 22.9082830584 +08 29 14.667552276   13.24 12.27     ~ 507 0
128 NGC 4710 H2G 12 49 38.958 +15 09 55.76   11.6       ~ 329 0
129 NGC 4713 GiG 12 49 57.8802780576 +05 18 40.933127196   12.3       ~ 320 1
130 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1476 2
131 Z 294-4 Sy1 12 56 14.2341182928 +56 52 25.238373852   14.68 13.84     ~ 2096 3
132 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 1010 2
133 NGC 4945 Sy2 13 05 27.279 -49 28 04.44   9.31 14.40 7.55   ~ 1582 2
134 NGC 5005 LIN 13 10 56.312 +37 03 32.19   14.67 13.67     ~ 567 2
135 NGC 5033 Sy2 13 13 27.535 +36 35 37.14   11.01 12.03 9.73   ~ 909 1
136 IC 860 LIN 13 15 03.51 +24 37 07.8   14.8       ~ 236 0
137 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1292 2
138 IC 883 SBG 13 20 35.37960 +34 08 21.8400   14.8       ~ 421 1
139 NGC 5135 Sy2 13 25 44.059 -29 50 01.24   12.58 13.35 11.53 12.2 ~ 500 1
140 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
141 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
142 NGC 5256 PaG 13 38 17.81 +48 16 41.2   14.1 13.42     ~ 449 1
143 Z 271-60 Sy2 13 44 42.1883001099 +55 53 13.596220922   15.68 14.91     ~ 958 3
144 NGC 5347 Sy2 13 53 17.7984934128 +33 29 27.011618196   13.46 12.70     ~ 373 1
145 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
146 NGC 5653 AGN 14 30 10.4187147048 +31 12 55.568509596   12.7       ~ 184 1
147 NGC 5678 SyG 14 32 05.5700264952 +57 55 17.155392060   12.10       ~ 240 1
148 NGC 5713 GiG 14 40 11.528 -00 17 21.16 11.88 11.84 11.20     ~ 421 2
149 NGC 5775 GiG 14 53 57.653 +03 32 40.10   13.0 11.34     ~ 460 2
150 NGC 5861 Sy2 15 09 16.09127 -11 19 17.9800   13.34 12.62 11.03 11.5 ~ 186 0
151 Z 49-57 rG 15 13 13.1083645335 +07 13 32.099256087   15.5       ~ 252 1
152 NGC 5936 AGN 15 30 00.846 +12 59 21.55   13.0       ~ 179 1
153 IC 1127 SyG 15 34 57.22396 +23 30 11.6084   14.76 13.88     ~ 3090 4
154 NGC 6014 G 15 55 57.4094044224 +05 55 55.125528852   13.8       ~ 105 0
155 NGC 6217 AGN 16 32 39.2100852960 +78 11 53.487076092   14.37 13.88     ~ 320 0
156 LEDA 58817 Sy1 16 42 40.1747908920 -09 43 18.848119476   16.77       ~ 106 1
157 NGC 6207 GiC 16 43 03.750 +36 49 56.73   12.189 11.651 11.240 10.691 ~ 258 0
158 NGC 6240 Sy2 16 52 58.9 +02 24 03   14.31 13.37     ~ 1734 2
159 IRAS 17138-1017 Sy2 17 16 35.83992 -10 20 38.9832   17.43   14.59   ~ 143 0
160 LEDA 60189 LIN 17 23 21.96264 -00 17 00.8088   15.1       ~ 454 0
161 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
162 Z 171-22 G 17 54 29.392 +32 53 14.22   14.3       ~ 60 1
163 2MASX J18113842+0131397 G 18 11 38.4206790528 +01 31 40.049832180           ~ 62 0
164 NGC 6643 AG? 18 19 46.370 +74 34 06.23   11.80       ~ 320 1
165 LEDA 84885 Sy1 18 32 41.177 -34 11 27.46   15.63   13.66   ~ 142 1
166 NGC 6701 AGN 18 43 12.429 +60 39 12.13   12.9       ~ 142 1
167 NGC 6814 Sy1 19 42 40.5862186152 -10 19 25.108718844   15.33 14.21 11.7 11.3 ~ 866 0
168 NGC 6921 Sy2 20 28 28.8658027224 +25 43 24.094324884 15.41   12.897     ~ 104 1
169 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
170 NGC 6951 Sy2 20 37 14.1228088488 +66 06 20.049916392   11.64 10.65     ~ 553 2
171 Z 448-20 G 20 57 23.62800 +17 07 44.5980   15.2       ~ 190 0
172 NGC 7130 Sy2 21 48 19.5412287192 -34 57 04.492024884   12.86 13.87 11.57   ~ 483 1
173 Z 530-8 GiG 22 04 36.218 +42 19 37.50   15.7       ~ 55 1
174 IC 5179 Sy1 22 16 09.1191653256 -36 50 37.117603752   12.29 11.89 11.38   ~ 214 1
175 NGC 7252 AGN 22 20 44.7748209648 -24 40 41.909518200 12.26 12.46 12.06 11.57   ~ 720 1
176 NGC 7331 LIN 22 37 04.0506038088 +34 24 56.800076508 10.65 10.35 9.48     ~ 1284 2
177 NGC 7465 Sy2 23 02 00.9603717552 +15 57 53.236032120   13.3       ~ 333 0
178 NGC 7469 Sy1 23 03 15.6 +08 52 26 12.60 13.00 12.34     ~ 2253 3
179 NGC 7479 Sy2 23 04 56.6432243448 +12 19 22.357387020 11.74 11.60 10.85 10.47 9.66 ~ 783 2
180 NGC 7552 Sy1 23 16 10.66 -42 35 04.7 11.34 11.22 10.57 10.08 11.1 ~ 574 3
181 NGC 7591 SyG 23 18 16.2727927344 +06 35 09.108933504   13.8       ~ 285 1
182 NGC 7582 Sy2 23 18 23.60 -42 22 13.3 11.62 10.92 10.62     ~ 978 3
183 LEDA 90429 SyG 23 39 01.26960 +36 21 08.5896   16.17       ~ 232 1
184 NGC 7771 GiG 23 51 24.880 +20 06 42.57 13.42 13.08 12.25     ~ 350 3
185 Z 455-59 AGN 23 51 26.731 +20 35 10.22   14.9       ~ 237 0

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