2015ApJ...806..207U

We perform a three-dimensional multi-probe analysis of the rich galaxy cluster A1689, one of the most powerful known lenses on the sky, by combining improved weak-lensing data from new wide-field BVR_Ci'z' Subaru/Suprime-Cam observations with strong-lensing, X-ray, and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) data sets. We reconstruct the projected matter distribution from a joint weak-lensing analysis of two-dimensional shear and azimuthally integrated magnification constraints, the combination of which allows us to break the mass-sheet degeneracy. The resulting mass distribution reveals elongation with an axis ratio of ∼0.7 in projection, aligned well with the distributions of cluster galaxies and intracluster gas. When assuming a spherical halo, our full weak-lensing analysis yields a projected halo concentration of C_200c^2D = 8.9 ± 1.1 (C_vir^2D ∼ 11), consistent with and improved from earlier weak-lensing work. We find excellent consistency between independent weak and strong lensing in the region of overlap. In a parametric triaxial framework, we constrain the intrinsic structure and geometry of the matter and gas distributions, by combining weak/strong lensing and X-ray/SZE data with minimal geometric assumptions. We show that the data favor a triaxial geometry with minor-major axis ratio 0.39±0.15 and major axis closely aligned with the line of sight (22°±10°). We obtain a halo mass M_200c = (1.2 ± 0.2) x 10¹⁵M_☉ and a halo concentration C_200c = 8.4 ± 1.3, which overlaps with the ≳ 1σ tail of the predicted distribution. The shape of the gas is rounder than the underlying matter but quite elongated with minor-major axis ratio 0.60±0.14. The gas mass fraction within 0.9 Mpc is 10_–2⁺³%, a typical value for high-mass clusters. The thermal gas pressure contributes to ∼60% of the equilibrium pressure, indicating a significant level of non-thermal pressure support. When compared to Planck's hydrostatic mass estimate, our lensing measurements yield a spherical mass ratio of M_Planck/M_GL = 0.70 ± 0.15 and 0.58±0.10 with and without corrections for lensing projection effects, respectively.