2015MNRAS.453.2885R

Query : 2015MNRAS.453.2885R

2015MNRAS.453.2885R - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 453, 2885-2900 (2015/November-1)

Gone without a bang: an archival HST survey for disappearing massive stars.

REYNOLDS T.M., FRASER M. and GILMORE G.

Abstract (from CDS):

It has been argued that a substantial fraction of massive stars may end their lives without an optically bright supernova (SN), but rather collapse to form a black hole. Such an event would not be detected by current SN surveys, which are focused on finding bright transients. Kochanek et al. proposed a novel survey for such events, using repeated observations of nearby galaxies to search for the disappearance of a massive star. We present such a survey, using the first systematic analysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope images of nearby galaxies with the aim of identifying evolved massive stars which have disappeared, without an accompanying optically bright SN. We consider a sample of 15 galaxies, with at least three epochs of Hubble Space Telescope imaging taken between 1994 and 2013. Within this data, we find one candidate which is consistent with a 25-30 M☉ yellow supergiant which has undergone an optically dark core-collapse.

Abstract Copyright: © 2015 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2015)

Journal keyword(s): stars: evolution - stars: massive - supernovae: general

Nomenclature: Table 3: [RFG2015] NGC4639 CANDIDATE 1, Table 4: [RFG2015] NGC3021 CANDIDATE 1, Tables 5-7: [RFG2015] NGC4496 CANDIDATE N (Nos 1-3), Table 6: [RFG2015] NGC4321 1.

Simbad objects: 38

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Number of rows : 38
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 1058 Sy2 02 43 30.0264850248 +37 20 28.782851784   12.29 11.75 10.85   ~ 483 0
2 NGC 1566 Sy1 04 20 00.3968473248 -54 56 16.624708764 10.29 10.19 9.73 9.21 10.1 ~ 1051 2
3 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
4 SN 1987A SN* 05 35 27.98840 -69 16 11.1134           SNIIpec 5203 2
5 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1113 1
6 [RFG2015] NGC3021 CANDIDATE1 * 09 50 55.39 +33 33 14.5           ~ 1 0
7 NGC 3021 GiG 09 50 57.1456156056 +33 33 12.934404072   12.6       ~ 208 0
8 SN 1993J SN* 09 55 24.77476 +69 01 13.7026   10.8 12.0     SNIIb 1507 1
9 NGC 3344 EmG 10 43 31.150 +24 55 19.99 10.38 10.54 9.86 9.71   ~ 434 1
10 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 862 1
11 NGC 3370 GiG 10 47 04.0734572856 +17 16 25.315359780   12.4       ~ 272 1
12 M 66 AGN 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1509 4
13 SN 2009hd SN* 11 20 16.99 +12 58 46.3           SNII 70 1
14 NGC 3982 Sy2 11 56 28.1445516072 +55 07 30.859586652   12.20 11.70 11.18   ~ 588 1
15 SN 2004gt SN* 12 01 50.37 -18 52 12.7   19.42 14.9     SNIc 86 1
16 NGC 4038 EmG 12 01 53.002 -18 52 03.32   10.91   9.74 11.0 ~ 1364 1
17 NAME Antennae IG 12 01 53.170 -18 52 37.92           ~ 1749 0
18 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 1084 1
19 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1963 2
20 [RFG2015] NGC4321 CANDIDATE1 * 12 22 58.37 +15 47 58.0           ~ 1 0
21 NGC 4414 GiC 12 26 27.1276893168 +31 13 24.626206488 11.12 10.96 10.12     ~ 593 2
22 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
23 NGC 4496 GiP 12 31 39.2222392512 +03 56 21.641352828   11.71       ~ 376 0
24 [RFG2015] NGC4496 CANDIDATE1 * 12 31 40.57 +03 56 45.1           ~ 1 0
25 [RFG2015] NGC4496 CANDIDATE3 * 12 31 40.72 +03 55 57.2           ~ 1 0
26 NGC 4496B G 12 31 40.8948419472 +03 55 34.870562220   14.5       ~ 68 0
27 [RFG2015] NGC4496 CANDIDATE2 * 12 31 41.07 +03 56 17.3           ~ 1 0
28 SN 1960F SN* 12 31 42.05 +03 56 47.7   11.34 11.43     SNIa 116 1
29 [RFG2015] NGC4639 CANDIDATE1 * 12 42 52.17 +13 14 54.8           ~ 1 0
30 NGC 4639 Sy1 12 42 52.3785000336 +13 15 26.706153600   13.62 12.72     ~ 642 0
31 SN 1990N SN* 12 42 56.68 +13 15 23.4   12.69 12.62     SNIa 406 1
32 NGC 4651 LIN 12 43 42.6376070448 +16 23 36.002649300   11.30 10.92 10.42 9.84 ~ 537 0
33 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
34 SN 2011dh SN* 13 30 05.10555 +47 10 10.9227           SNIIb 445 1
35 iPTF 13bvn SN* 15 00 00.152 +01 52 53.17           SNIb 211 0
36 NGC 5806 Sy2 15 00 00.4088018736 +01 53 28.779594792   12.40 11.70 10.94 11.6 ~ 305 1
37 NGC 6217 AGN 16 32 39.2100852960 +78 11 53.487076092   14.37 13.88     ~ 320 0
38 NGC 6951 Sy2 20 37 14.1228088488 +66 06 20.049916392   11.64 10.65     ~ 553 2

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