2016ApJ...817...68Z

Query : 2016ApJ...817...68Z

2016ApJ...817...68Z - Astrophys. J., 817, 68 (2016/January-3)

On the nonthermal κ-distributed electrons in planetary nebulae and H II regions: the κ index and its correlations with other nebular properties.

ZHANG Y., ZHANG B. and LIU X.-W.

Abstract (from CDS):

Recently, a suspicion arose that the free electrons in planetary nebulae (PNs) and H ii regions might have nonthermal energy distributions. In this scenario, a κ index is introduced to characterize the electron energy distributions, with smaller κ values indicating larger deviations from Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions. Assuming that this is the case, we determine the κ values for a sample of PNs and H ii regions by comparing the intensities of [O iii] collisionally excited lines and the hydrogen Balmer jump. We find the average κ indices of PNs and H ii regions to be 27 and 32, respectively. Correlations between the resultant κ values and various physical properties of the nebulae are examined to explore the potential origin of nonthermal electrons in photoionized gaseous nebulae. However, no positive result is obtained. Thus, the current analysis does not lend support to the idea that κ-distributed electrons are present in PNs and H ii regions. Objects

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): atomic processes - H ii regions - planetary nebulae: general - plasmas - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

Simbad objects: 93

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Number of rows : 93
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 40 PN 00 13 01.0170097248 +72 31 19.033338720   11.63 11.46     [WC8] 632 2
2 PN Hu 1-1 PN 00 28 15.435 +55 57 54.48           ~ 169 1
3 PN BoBn 1 PN 00 37 16.03 -13 42 58.6   16       ~ 135 1
4 IC 1747 PN 01 57 35.6899203048 +63 19 18.447328776   15.8 15.4     [WC4] 269 2
5 IC 351 PN 03 47 32.9806443144 +35 02 48.639127308   13.11 12.27 14.35   Of(H) 264 0
6 IC 2003 PN 03 56 21.9884187048 +33 52 30.759977028   13.11 11.87 13.44   [WC3?] 261 0
7 NGC 1501 PN 04 06 59.3920909320 +60 55 14.278542024   15.17 13.0     [WO4] 314 1
8 M 42 HII 05 35 16.8 -05 23 15           ~ 4411 0
9 RMC 136 Cl* 05 38 42.396 -69 06 03.36   5.81 5.40     ~ 2236 2
10 NGC 2022 PN 05 42 06.1904253312 +09 05 10.585995576   14.9 14.2     [WC] 371 1
11 NGC 2440 PN 07 41 55.34603 -18 12 30.4117   11.469 10.104     ~ 665 2
12 NGC 2467 OpC 07 52 18 -26 25.7           ~ 190 1
13 NGC 2867 PN 09 21 25.3832468160 -58 18 40.626683604   12.0 10.30     [WO2] 313 0
14 NGC 3132 PN 10 07 01.7656422504 -40 26 11.130553032   10.14 10.01     A2V 423 1
15 NGC 3242 PN 10 24 46.1335521792 -18 38 32.296857792   11.83 12.15     ~ 838 1
16 NGC 3576 HII 11 11 53.2 -61 18 26           ~ 245 2
17 PN PB 8 PN 11 33 17.8152363912 -57 06 14.925910860   13.332 12.436 14.114   [WC5/6] 125 0
18 NGC 3918 PN 11 50 17.7709504944 -57 10 57.017302428   10.0 8.5     ~ 390 1
19 IC 3568 PN 12 33 06.8549162136 +82 33 50.202643608   11.809 10.730 12.651   ~ 407 0
20 IC 4191 PN 13 08 47.3071977936 -67 38 37.542860628   10.32 11.61     ~ 144 0
21 NGC 5307 PN 13 51 03.2580878376 -51 12 20.835744984   11.5 10     O3.5V 184 1
22 NGC 5315 PN 13 53 56.9726795664 -66 30 50.859483264   14.58 14.40     [WO4] 323 1
23 NGC 5447 HII 14 02 28.0 +54 16 34           ~ 73 0
24 [H69] NGC 5457 40 PoG 14 03 31.300 +54 21 05.81           ~ 43 0
25 IC 4406 PN 14 22 26.1440976888 -44 09 02.185112988   11.5 10.90     ~ 294 1
26 WRAY 16-165 PN 15 06 13.7137862736 -42 59 56.499680904   13.2 13.20     ~ 78 0
27 NGC 5882 PN 15 16 49.9562553264 -45 38 58.616280132   11.9 10.9     ~ 281 1
28 NGC 6153 PN 16 31 30.5708444544 -40 15 12.646208700   10.7 15.55     ~ 320 0
29 PN DdDm 1 PN 16 40 18.1517248296 +38 42 20.033859348   14.0 13.90     sd+G/K 153 0
30 NGC 6210 PN 16 44 29.5191019368 +23 47 59.421958296   12.3 11.7     Of/[WR] 597 0
31 PN M 2-4 PN 17 01 06.2230175160 -34 49 38.610796908     14.40     ~ 81 0
32 PN M 2-6 PN 17 04 18.32832 -30 53 28.8816       15.650   ~ 83 0
33 NGC 6302 PN 17 13 44.5 -37 06 11           O-rich 821 2
34 PN M 3-7 PN 17 24 34.4529856560 -29 24 19.796240052     14.60     [WC] 97 0
35 PN M 1-20 PN 17 28 57.6165015264 -19 15 54.033719256           ~ 136 0
36 NGC 6439 PN 17 48 19.820 -16 28 44.42     12.2     ~ 180 0
37 PN H 1-35 PN 17 49 13.9398459192 -34 22 52.812575256     12.90     wels? 118 0
38 PN M 1-29 PN 17 50 17.9658145641 -30 34 54.987881214     14.00     ~ 91 1
39 PN Vy 1-2 PN 17 54 22.98 +27 59 58.1           ~ 118 0
40 PN Cn 2-1 PN 17 54 33.010 -34 22 21.15     12.70 14.47 13.70 ~ 136 0
41 PN H 1-41 PN 17 57 19.1084978568 -34 09 48.784614372           [WC] 93 0
42 PN H 1-42 PN 17 57 25.1720091886 -33 35 43.132190632     12.80     ~ 81 0
43 NGC 6543 PN 17 58 33.4039587288 +66 37 58.750734000   11.09 11.28     [WC] 1197 2
44 PN M 3-21 PN 18 02 32.33 -36 39 11.3     12.20     ~ 109 1
45 M 20 OpC 18 02 42 -22 58.3           ~ 456 1
46 M 8 OpC 18 03 37 -24 23.2           ~ 644 1
47 PN M 2-27 PN 18 03 52.5718384152 -31 17 47.161796424     14.40     [WC4]: 110 0
48 PN H 1-50 PN 18 03 53.5082954976 -32 41 42.015068628   10 12.80     ~ 87 0
49 PN H 1-54 PN 18 07 07.2793260936 -29 13 05.972785284     13.90     ~ 108 0
50 NGC 6565 PN 18 11 52.4858232888 -28 10 42.421241244   12.5 12.2 12.12   PN 233 0
51 NGC 6572 PN 18 12 06.3181909152 +06 51 13.027935240   9.3 10.8     [WC] 761 0
52 PN M 2-31 PN 18 13 16.0521431976 -25 30 05.320920636   13.3 13.60     [WC4/6] 110 0
53 NGC 6567 PN 18 13 45.1636643352 -19 04 34.071637152     10.9     [WC5/6] 277 0
54 PN M 2-33 PN 18 15 06.5634327720 -30 15 33.265211580       14.61 14.03 O5f(H) 111 0
55 PN Cn 3-1 PN 18 17 34.1015035728 +10 09 03.304908396   12.93 12.49 12.35   07Ib(f) 224 0
56 PN M 2-36 PN 18 17 41.43 -29 08 19.9         17.012 ~ 140 0
57 IC 4699 PN 18 18 32.0450169624 -45 59 01.735217988   13.83 12.71 15.51 15.09 O3V((f)) 104 0
58 M 16 OpC 18 18 45.1 -13 47 31           ~ 1084 1
59 NGC 6618 OpC 18 20 47 -16 10.3           ~ 1700 0
60 PN M 2-42 PN 18 22 32.08 -24 09 27.7     13.90     ~ 84 0
61 NGC 6620 PN 18 22 54.182 -26 49 17.19   12.8 13.30 14.34 14.55 ~ 145 0
62 PN Vy 2-1 PN 18 27 59.6260402536 -26 06 48.065269284   12.8 13.20     [WC] 94 0
63 PN Cn 1-5 PN 18 29 11.6500996872 -31 29 59.135208396   15.5 15.2 13.34   [WC5/6] 163 0
64 PN Hf 2-2 PN 18 32 30.9015918072 -28 43 20.276106312     15.90     ~ 110 0
65 PN M 3-29 PN 18 39 25.8182649336 -30 40 37.222765752   13.0 14.10     ~ 83 0
66 PN M 3-32 PN 18 44 43.03 -25 21 34.8           ~ 79 0
67 PN M 1-61 PN 18 45 55.12 -14 27 37.9           ~ 116 0
68 PN M 3-33 PN 18 48 12.1403633760 -25 28 52.423742352     13.20     ~ 87 0
69 PN Hu 2-1 PN 18 49 47.5610183328 +20 50 39.396894756   12.369 11.126 12.30   ~ 286 0
70 M 57 PN 18 53 35.0967659112 +33 01 44.883287544   15.405 15.769 15.901 16.062 DA(O?) 868 2
71 PN Sp 4-1 PN 19 00 26.5460404944 +38 21 07.280102016       15.26   O? 40 0
72 NGC 6741 PN 19 02 37.10 -00 26 56.7     9.6     ~ 353 0
73 IC 4846 PN 19 16 28.2266496960 -09 02 36.677150592           ~ 221 0
74 NGC 6790 PN 19 22 56.972976 +01 30 46.40112   12.247 10.504 12.684   wels 329 0
75 PN Vy 2-2 PN 19 24 22.2390166933 +09 53 56.259102426   14.02 12.65 13.38   O-rich 274 0
76 PN M 3-34 PN 19 27 01.8981450048 -06 35 04.739628516           ~ 70 1
77 NGC 6803 PN 19 31 16.4826019750 +10 03 21.620200381   13.034 11.616 13.242   ~ 254 0
78 NGC 6807 PN 19 34 33.53 +05 41 02.5     12     ~ 144 0
79 PN M 1-73 PN 19 41 09.2937490896 +14 56 58.980006096           O3.5If 85 1
80 PN M 1-74 PN 19 42 18.78 +15 09 08.3   12.8       ~ 127 0
81 NGC 6818 PN 19 43 57.770472 -14 09 13.36932     9.3     ~ 357 1
82 NGC 6826 PN 19 44 48.1500225888 +50 31 30.249034932   9.779 9.359 10.775   O3f(H) 736 0
83 NGC 6833 PN 19 49 46.5667474512 +48 57 40.113276876           ~ 181 0
84 NGC 6884 PN 20 10 23.6424784416 +46 27 39.631794408   11.9 10.9     ~ 322 1
85 NGC 6879 PN 20 10 26.6930056361 +16 55 21.272110541   13.661 12.540 14.075   O3f(He) 157 0
86 NGC 6891 PN 20 15 08.8435405584 +12 42 15.584146740   12.11 12.51     O3Ib(f*) 405 0
87 NGC 7009 PN 21 04 10.8155187648 -11 21 48.580157556   12.48 12.07     ~ 1020 1
88 NGC 7026 PN 21 06 18.5723414928 +47 51 06.774735780   15.33 15.1     [WC3] 427 1
89 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2541 1
90 PN Hu 1-2 PN 21 33 08.3106242400 +39 38 09.554428752     12.0     ~ 295 1
91 IC 5217 PN 22 23 55.7180137224 +50 58 00.464340252     15.5     [WC7] 314 0
92 PN Me 2-2 PN 22 31 43.6753782000 +47 48 03.836846628   9.3       ~ 160 0
93 NGC 7662 PN 23 25 53.8318792825 +42 32 05.835828380       11.427   ~ 940 1

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