2016ApJ...818...73T

Query : 2016ApJ...818...73T

2016ApJ...818...73T - Astrophys. J., 818, 73 (2016/February-2)

The VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity survey of Perseus protostars (VANDAM). II. Multiplicity of protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud.

TOBIN J.J., LOONEY L.W., LI Z.-Y., CHANDLER C.J., DUNHAM M.M., SEGURA-COX D., SADAVOY S.I., MELIS C., HARRIS R.J., KRATTER K. and PEREZ L.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a multiplicity study of all known protostars (94) in the Perseus molecular cloud from a Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array survey at Ka-band (8 mm and 1 cm) and C-band (4 and 6.6 cm). The observed sample has a bolometric luminosity range between 0.1 L☉ and ∼33 L☉, with a median of 0.7 L☉. This multiplicity study is based on the Ka-band data, having a best resolution of ∼0".065 (15 au) and separations out to ∼43{#8243} (10,000 au) can be probed. The overall multiplicity fraction (MF) is found to be 0.40±0.06 and the companion star fraction (CSF) is 0.71±0.06. The MF and CSF of the Class 0 protostars are 0.57±0.09 and 1.2±0.2, and the MF and CSF of Class I protostars are both 0.23±0.08. The distribution of companion separations appears bi-modal, with a peak at ∼75 au and another peak at ∼3000 au. Turbulent fragmentation is likely the dominant mechanism on >1000 au scales and disk fragmentation is likely to be the dominant mechanism on <200 au scales. Toward three Class 0 sources we find companions separated by <30 au. These systems have the smallest separations of currently known Class 0 protostellar binary systems. Moreover, these close systems are embedded within larger (50-400 au) structures and may be candidates for ongoing disk fragmentation.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): binaries: close - planetary systems - protoplanetary disks - stars: formation - stars: protostars - techniques: interferometric

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/818/73): table1.dat table2.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 2, col(1): [TLL2016] Per-emb-NN-A N=34, [TLL2016] L1448IRS1-A (Nos A-B), [TLL2016] L1448NW-A (Nos A-B), [TLL2016] L1448IRS3A N=1, [TLL2016] EDJ2009-NNN-A N=6.

Simbad objects: 145

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Number of rows : 145
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 3C 48 QSO 01 37 41.2996631208 +33 09 35.080388820   16.62 16.20     ~ 2924 2
2 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
3 CoKu NGC 1333 Star 1 Or* 03 25 09.43032 +30 46 21.5796           M2.6 103 0
4 NAME LDN 1451-mm cor 03 25 09.5 +30 23 51           ~ 53 0
5 IRAS 03222+3034 Y*O 03 25 22.32 +30 45 13.9           ~ 164 0
6 LDN 1448NW Y*O 03 25 35.66 +30 45 34.2           ~ 80 0
7 [TLL2016] L1448NW-A Rad 03 25 35.6690 +30 45 34.110           ~ 4 0
8 [TLL2016] L1448NW-B Rad 03 25 35.6730 +30 45 34.357           ~ 4 0
9 JCMTSE J032536.1+304514 Y*O 03 25 36.22 +30 45 15.7           ~ 145 0
10 SSTc2d J032536.4+304522 Y*O 03 25 36.49 +30 45 22.2           ~ 208 1
11 LDN 1448NA smm 03 25 36.49 +30 45 22.2           ~ 193 1
12 IRAS 03225+3034 IR 03 25 36.49 +30 45 22.2           ~ 165 1
13 IRAS F03226+3033 Y*O 03 25 38.83 +30 44 06.2           ~ 371 0
14 [SDA2014] West4 Y*O 03 25 38.83 +30 44 06.2           ~ 266 1
15 SSTc2d J032539.1+304358 Y*? 03 25 39.12 +30 43 58.2           ~ 51 1
16 IRAS 03235+3004 Y*O 03 26 37.425 +30 15 28.39           ~ 96 0
17 NAME LDN 1455 IRS 5 Y*O 03 27 38.255 +30 13 58.57           ~ 53 0
18 [TLL2016] Per-emb-48-B Rad 03 27 38.2580 +30 13 58.320           ~ 2 0
19 [TLL2016] Per-emb-48-A Rad 03 27 38.2770 +30 13 58.559           ~ 2 0
20 NAME LDN 1455 IRS 1 cor 03 27 39.08 +30 13 03.1           ~ 173 0
21 [TLL2016] Per-emb-17-A Rad 03 27 39.1040 +30 13 03.078           ~ 3 0
22 [TLL2016] Per-emb-17-B Rad 03 27 39.1150 +30 13 02.840           ~ 3 0
23 NAME LDN 1455 IRS 4 cor 03 27 43.23 +30 12 28.9           ~ 81 0
24 2MASS J03274767+3012043 Or* 03 27 47.6828532408 +30 12 04.456916028     19.6     M3.0 115 1
25 2MASS J03280041+3008012 Y*O 03 28 00.411 +30 08 01.28           ~ 57 0
26 JCMTSE J032832.2+311102 cor 03 28 32.581 +31 11 04.10           ~ 48 0
27 2MASS J03283450+3100510 Y*O 03 28 34.501 +31 00 51.01           ~ 81 0
28 JCMTPP J032834.6+310704 Y*? 03 28 34.53 +31 07 05.5           ~ 36 0
29 2MASS J03283504+3020096 Y*? 03 28 35.0488875240 +30 20 09.603243672           M2.5 23 0
30 IRAS 03255+3103 Y*O 03 28 37.06800 +31 13 31.0044           ~ 96 1
31 [TLL2016] Per-emb-35-A Rad 03 28 37.0910 +31 13 30.788           ~ 13 0
32 [TLL2016] Per-emb-35-B Rad 03 28 37.2190 +31 13 31.751           ~ 11 0
33 [EYG2006] Bolo 30 Y*O 03 28 39.10 +31 06 01.7           ~ 37 0
34 2MASS J03283968+3117321 Y*O 03 28 39.680 +31 17 32.13           ~ 27 1
35 2MASS J03284325+3117330 Or* 03 28 43.2624763920 +31 17 33.138111588     17.78 16.45 15.07 K7.0 66 1
36 IRAS 03256+3055 Y*O 03 28 45.306 +31 05 42.05           ~ 55 3
37 2MASS J03285101+3118184 Or* 03 28 51.0207820727 +31 18 18.523426244           M4.5 59 0
38 EM* LkHA 325 TT* 03 28 52.1803895568 +30 45 05.576777172 15.63 14.71 13.43     K5:e 53 0
39 2MASS J03285392+3118092 Y*O 03 28 53.92752 +31 18 09.2808           K7.0 36 0
40 [JCC87] IRAS 2A Y*O 03 28 55.55 +31 14 36.7           ~ 513 3
41 [TDL2015] IRAS2A VLA2 Rad 03 28 55.563 +31 14 36.41           ~ 11 0
42 [TDL2015] IRAS2A VLA1 Rad 03 28 55.5695 +31 14 37.020           ~ 9 0
43 2MASS J03285630+3122279 Y*O 03 28 56.30016 +31 22 27.9264           M2.0 36 0
44 2MASS J03285663+3118356 Or* 03 28 56.6379056568 +31 18 35.598810888           M1.5 62 0
45 2MASS J03285694+3116222 Y*O 03 28 56.9552105184 +31 16 22.342093896       18.2   M2.5 49 0
46 BD+30 547 Y*O 03 28 57.2114503248 +31 14 19.076151444   10.73 9.98 9.1   G4V 117 1
47 [RAC97] VLA 1 Rad 03 28 57.650 +31 15 31.33           ~ 7 0
48 2MASS J03285842+3122175 Y*O 03 28 58.420 +31 22 17.54           ~ 41 0
49 ASR 106 Y*O 03 28 59.30640 +31 15 48.5172           K2.0 61 0
50 [SK2001] 1 Y*O 03 29 00.55 +31 12 00.8           ~ 62 1
51 2MASS J03290149+3120208 Y*O 03 29 01.492 +31 20 20.84           ~ 43 0
52 NAME HH 7-11 MMS 3 smm 03 29 01.964 +31 15 38.04           ~ 69 0
53 NAME HH 7-11 MMS 2 smm 03 29 03.056 +31 15 51.67           ~ 95 0
54 2MASS J03290332+3123148 Y*O 03 29 03.32 +31 23 14.8           ~ 25 0
55 [TLL2016] Per-emb-44-B Rad 03 29 03.7430 +31 16 03.790           ~ 5 0
56 V* V512 Per Or* 03 29 03.7578170808 +31 16 03.947525688           M3.5 419 0
57 [TLL2016] Per-emb-44-A Rad 03 29 03.7660 +31 16 03.810           ~ 5 0
58 [SDA2014] West40 Y*O 03 29 04.06 +31 14 46.5           ~ 68 0
59 2MASS J03290421+3116080 Y*O 03 29 04.21 +31 16 08.0           ~ 17 0
60 JCMTSE J032906.9+311725 cor 03 29 07.06 +31 17 25.6           ~ 41 0
61 [LAL96] 213 Y*O 03 29 07.739 +31 21 57.52           ~ 70 0
62 NGC 1333 OpC 03 29 09.2 +31 20 59           ~ 1575 1
63 LZK 12 Or* 03 29 10.393560 +31 21 59.19408   15.814 14.497 14.636   B5:V+F2: 147 0
64 [TLL2016] Per-emb-12-B Rad 03 29 10.4270 +31 13 32.099           ~ 9 0
65 [JCC87] IRAS 4A Y*O 03 29 10.49 +31 13 30.8           ~ 770 1
66 [TLL2016] Per-emb-12-A Rad 03 29 10.5370 +31 13 30.925           ~ 7 0
67 [JJK2007] 23 Y*O 03 29 10.68 +31 18 20.6           ~ 65 1
68 ASR 32 Y*O 03 29 11.25 +31 18 31.7           ~ 69 1
69 [TLL2016] Per-emb-18-A Rad 03 29 11.2550 +31 18 31.059           ~ 3 0
70 [TLL2016] Per-emb-18-B Rad 03 29 11.2610 +31 18 31.073           ~ 4 0
71 [KJD2006] SMM J032917+31184 Y*O 03 29 11.3 +31 18 25           ~ 64 0
72 [JCC87] IRAS 4B Y*O 03 29 12.058 +31 13 02.05           ~ 625 0
73 NAME IRAS 4B1 South Y*O 03 29 12.06 +31 13 01.7           ~ 47 1
74 [JCC87] IRAS 4B2 smm 03 29 12.8 +31 13 02           ~ 24 0
75 2MASS J03291294+3118146 Y*O 03 29 12.945 +31 18 14.61           ~ 42 1
76 [TLL2016] Per-emb-49-A Rad 03 29 12.9530 +31 18 14.289           ~ 2 0
77 [TLL2016] Per-emb-49-B Rad 03 29 12.9760 +31 18 14.397           ~ 2 0
78 [JCC87] IRAS 4C Y*O 03 29 13.54 +31 13 58.2           ~ 122 1
79 JCMTPP J032917.2+312746 Y*O 03 29 17.17 +31 27 46.5           ~ 43 0
80 EM* LkHA 270 TT* 03 29 17.6758022904 +31 22 44.892332544   16.344 14.639 13.994   K2/3IIIe 89 0
81 SSTc2d J032918.3+312320 Y*O 03 29 18.26 +31 23 19.9           ~ 28 1
82 2MASS J03292003+3124076 Y*O 03 29 20.036 +31 24 07.65           ~ 37 1
83 SSTc2d J032923.5+313330 Y*O 03 29 23.47 +31 33 29.5           ~ 42 1
84 [EYG2006] Bolo 58 cor 03 29 25.5 +31 28 18           ~ 68 0
85 IRAS 03267+3128 cor 03 29 51.82 +31 39 06.0           ~ 58 0
86 IRAS 03271+3013 cor 03 30 15.159 +30 23 49.38           ~ 73 0
87 2MASS J03302715+3028297 Y*? 03 30 27.1683607344 +30 28 29.667201492   20.6   19.1   ~ 16 0
88 [DCE2008] 081 cor 03 30 32.68 +30 26 26.6           ~ 29 2
89 2MASS J03303821+3032118 TT* 03 30 38.2234484016 +30 32 11.684423184   20.9   19.1   M2.7 17 0
90 EM* LkHA 326 Or* 03 30 44.0132509711 +30 32 46.808287930     16     G 44 0
91 [TLL2016] Per-emb-5-B Rad 03 31 20.9350 +30 45 30.247           ~ 2 0
92 [TLL2016] Per-emb-5-A Rad 03 31 20.9420 +30 45 30.263           ~ 2 0
93 IRAS 03282+3035 cor 03 31 20.98 +30 45 30.1           ~ 186 0
94 [TLL2016] Per-emb-2-B Rad 03 32 17.9270 +30 49 47.753           ~ 3 0
95 [TLL2016] Per-emb-2-A Rad 03 32 17.9320 +30 49 47.705           ~ 3 0
96 IRAS 03292+3039 cor 03 32 17.96 +30 49 47.5           ~ 99 0
97 2MASS J03322914+3102406 Y*O 03 32 29.14 +31 02 40.6           ~ 24 0
98 LZK 21 Or* 03 32 34.0567740984 +31 00 55.738328256           M2.0 40 0
99 2MASS J03324721+3059162 Y*O 03 32 47.214 +30 59 16.29           ~ 15 0
100 2MASS J03330956+3105312 Y*? 03 33 09.57 +31 05 31.2           ~ 14 0
101 IRAS 03301+3111 Y*O 03 33 12.8440487256 +31 21 24.139522188           M1.8 76 0
102 [JJK2007] 34 Y*O 03 33 13.80 +31 20 05.3           ~ 17 0
103 [SDA2014] West50 Y*O 03 33 14.38 +31 07 10.9           ~ 35 1
104 [EES2009] Per-emb 10 Y*O 03 33 16.45 +31 06 52.5           ~ 24 1
105 [TLL2016] Per-emb-40-A Rad 03 33 16.6690 +31 07 54.902           ~ 5 0
106 2MASS J03331667+3107548 Y*O 03 33 16.68 +31 07 54.9           ~ 139 2
107 [TLL2016] Per-emb-40-B Rad 03 33 16.6800 +31 07 55.269           ~ 4 0
108 JCMTSE J033317.8+310932 cor 03 33 17.85 +31 09 31.9           ~ 140 0
109 [HKM99] B1-b cor 03 33 20.32 +31 07 21.5           ~ 242 0
110 [HRF2005] 3 PoC 03 33 21.3 +31 07 27           ~ 86 0
111 [KJD2006] SMM J033335+31075 PoC 03 33 21.3 +31 07 28           ~ 118 0
112 JCMTSE J033327.1+310701 cor 03 33 27.29 +31 07 10.2           ~ 55 0
113 NAME Perseus Cloud SFR 03 35.0 +31 13           ~ 1553 0
114 6C 033321+320838 Bla 03 36 30.10760267 +32 18 29.3422162     17.50 16.6   ~ 688 1
115 NAME Per Region reg 03 37 00.0 +31 15 00           ~ 296 0
116 IRAS 03363+3207 FIR 03 39 27.8 +32 17 11           ~ 7 0
117 2MASS J03420217+3148019 Y*? 03 42 02.18 +31 48 02.0           ~ 17 0
118 Cl* IC 348 CB 12 Y*? 03 42 55.9670265336 +31 58 41.873137824           M6.0 30 0
119 Cl* IC 348 LRL 245 Y*O 03 43 45.1693190280 +32 03 58.663623996     18.49 19.29 17.70 M2.9 35 0
120 Cl* IC 348 LRL 54362 Y*O 03 43 50.96 +32 03 24.7           ~ 42 1
121 [RZP2014] JVLA 1 Y*O 03 43 51.02 +32 03 08.1           ~ 45 2
122 HH 211 Y*O 03 43 56.52 +32 00 52.8           ~ 414 0
123 NAME IC 348 MMS cor 03 43 56.84 +32 03 04.7           ~ 87 1
124 [TLL2016] Per-emb-11-B Rad 03 43 56.8810 +32 03 02.977           ~ 5 0
125 [TLL2016] Per-emb-11-A Rad 03 43 57.0650 +32 03 04.788           ~ 12 0
126 [TLL2016] Per-emb-11-C Rad 03 43 57.6880 +32 03 09.975           ~ 10 0
127 IRAS 03407+3152 Y*O 03 43 59.64864 +32 01 53.9832           M0 42 1
128 Cl* IC 348 LRL 54459 Y*O 03 44 02.40 +32 02 04.9           ~ 29 1
129 [TLL2016] Per-emb-32-A Rad 03 44 02.4030 +32 02 04.751           ~ 2 0
130 [TLL2016] Per-emb-32-B Rad 03 44 02.6330 +32 01 59.431           ~ 2 0
131 IRAS 03410+3152 Y*O 03 44 12.980 +32 01 35.50           ~ 62 0
132 Cl* IC 348 LRL 31 Or* 03 44 18.1608524784 +32 04 57.035451324         15.357 G1 70 0
133 Cl* IC 348 LRL 1889 Y*O 03 44 21.353 +31 59 32.73           ~ 36 1
134 [TLL2016] Per-emb-55-A Rad 03 44 43.2980 +32 01 31.223           ~ 5 0
135 Cl* IC 348 LRL 1872 Y*O 03 44 43.308 +32 01 31.57           ~ 57 1
136 [TLL2016] Per-emb-55-B Rad 03 44 43.3340 +32 01 31.636           ~ 5 0
137 SSTc2d J034444.0+320136 Y*O 03 44 43.955 +32 01 36.16           ~ 35 1
138 IRAS 03439+3233 Y*O 03 47 05.44704 +32 43 08.4324           ~ 62 0
139 IRAS 03445+3242 Y*O 03 47 41.603 +32 51 43.79           ~ 215 0
140 LDN 1521F DNe 04 28 39.3 +26 51 43           ~ 224 1
141 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
142 ICRF J052109.8+163822 Sy1 05 21 09.88596258 +16 38 22.0515459   19.37 18.84 18.480   ~ 910 1
143 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
144 NAME IRAS 16293-2422A Y*O 16 32 22.869 -24 28 36.11           ~ 207 0
145 NAME Gould Belt PoG ~ ~           ~ 956 1

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