2016ApJ...818..105M

Query : 2016ApJ...818..105M

2016ApJ...818..105M - Astrophys. J., 818, 105 (2016/February-3)

The Caltech-NRAO stripe 82 survey (CNSS). I. The pilot radio transient survey in 50 deg2.

MOOLEY K.P., HALLINAN G., BOURKE S., HORESH A., MYERS S.T., FRAIL D.A., KULKARNI S.R., LEVITAN D.B., KASLIWAL M.M., CENKO S.B., CAO Y., BELLM E. and LAHER R.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have commenced a multiyear program, the Caltech-NRAO Stripe 82 Survey (CNSS), to search for radio transients with the Jansky VLA in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 region. The CNSS will deliver five epochs over the entire ∼270 deg2 of Stripe 82, an eventual deep combined map with an rms noise of ∼40 µJy and catalogs at a frequency of 3 GHz, and having a spatial resolution of 3". This first paper presents the results from an initial pilot survey of a 50 deg2 region of Stripe 82, involving four epochs spanning logarithmic timescales between 1 week and 1.5 yr, with the combined map having a median rms noise of 35 µJy. This pilot survey enabled the development of the hardware and software for rapid data processing, as well as transient detection and follow-up, necessary for the full 270 deg2 survey. Data editing, calibration, imaging, source extraction, cataloging, and transient identification were completed in a semi-automated fashion within 6 hr of completion of each epoch of observations, using dedicated computational hardware at the NRAO in Socorro and custom-developed data reduction and transient detection pipelines. Classification of variable and transient sources relied heavily on the wealth of multiwavelength legacy survey data in the Stripe 82 region, supplemented by repeated mapping of the region by the Palomar Transient Factory. A total of 3.9–0.9+0.5% of the few thousand detected point sources were found to vary by greater than 30%, consistent with similar studies at 1.4 and 5 GHz. Multiwavelength photometric data and light curves suggest that the variability is mostly due to shock-induced flaring in the jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Although this was only a pilot survey, we detected two bona fide transients, associated with an RS CVn binary and a dKe star. Comparison with existing legacy survey data (FIRST, VLA-Stripe 82) revealed additional highly variable and transient sources on timescales between 5 and 20 yr, largely associated with renewed AGN activity. The rates of such AGNs possibly imply episodes of enhanced accretion and jet activity occurring once every ∼40,000 yr in these galaxies. We compile the revised radio transient rates and make recommendations for future transient surveys and joint radio-optical experiments.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): catalogs - galaxies: active - radio continuum: galaxies - stars: activity - supernovae: general - surveys

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/818/105): table3.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 3: VTC JHHMMSS+DDMMSS N=152.

Simbad objects: 162

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Number of rows : 162
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 QSO B0013-005 Bla 00 16 11.08855044 -00 15 12.4454125   20.44 19.98 19.72   ~ 171 1
2 3C 48 QSO 01 37 41.2996631208 +33 09 35.080388820   16.62 16.20     ~ 2924 2
3 SUMSS J060938-333508 Rad 06 09 38.0 -33 35 08           ~ 4 0
4 NAME Hubble Deep Field reg 12 36 49.5 +62 12 58           ~ 1967 1
5 SWIFT J164449.3+573451 G 16 44 47.81184000 +57 35 00.7113480           ~ 533 0
6 SUMSS J201524-395949 Rad 20 15 24.0 -39 59 49           ~ 3 1
7 SWIFT J2058.4+0516 X 20 58 19.898 +05 13 32.25           ~ 169 0
8 VTC J215701+005124 rG 21 57 00.583 +00 51 23.53           ~ 1 0
9 VTC J215732+010748 rG 21 57 32.3197905288 +01 07 47.973852984           ~ 1 0
10 VTC J215929+004723 rG 21 59 29.409 +00 47 23.33           ~ 1 0
11 VTC J215951+010041 rG 21 59 51.303 +01 00 40.60           ~ 1 0
12 NVSS J220005+002304 rG 22 00 05.326 +00 23 08.51           ~ 1 0
13 FIRST J220017.3-000134 QSO 22 00 17.3764926816 -00 01 34.035610512   19.65 19.52     ~ 23 0
14 VTC J220109+010124 rG 22 01 09.264 +01 01 24.30           ~ 1 0
15 VTC J220110+002547 rG 22 01 10.354 +00 25 47.36           ~ 1 0
16 VTC J220127+001402 rG 22 01 26.546 +00 14 01.58           ~ 1 0
17 VTC J220210-000203 rG 22 02 09.576 -00 02 03.31           ~ 1 0
18 VTC J220221+001114 rG 22 02 21.068 +00 11 14.41           ~ 2 0
19 VTC J220445+005129 rG 22 04 45.043 +00 51 28.75           ~ 1 0
20 VTC J220456-000147 rG 22 04 55.821 -00 01 47.36           ~ 1 0
21 NVSS J220609-004644 rG 22 06 08.735 -00 46 54.16           ~ 3 0
22 ICRF J220643.2-003102 BLL 22 06 43.28260999 -00 31 02.4952570   20.26   18.69   ~ 84 1
23 FBQS J2207+0101 QSO 22 07 08.3250938448 +01 01 25.320504000   19.75 19.34     ~ 31 0
24 NVSS J220804+000557 rG 22 08 04.440 +00 05 56.34           ~ 2 0
25 VTC J220904+004607 rG 22 09 03.845 +00 46 07.13           ~ 1 0
26 FIRST J220910.4-001601 QSO 22 09 10.3944207192 -00 16 01.478615592   19.76 19.43     ~ 19 0
27 SDSS J221122.11+005202.0 rG 22 11 22.124 +00 52 02.38           ~ 2 0
28 FIRST J221135.7+011141 rG 22 11 35.7323 +01 11 42.312           ~ 2 0
29 SDSS J221159.67-003138.9 rG 22 11 59.685 -00 31 38.52           ~ 2 0
30 SDSS J221225.69+004322.5 rG 22 12 25.711 +00 43 22.34           ~ 2 0
31 ICRF J221237.9+015251 Sy2 22 12 37.97355904 +01 52 51.1910560     21.7     ~ 89 1
32 LSQ 12dwl SN* 22 12 41.53 +00 30 43.1           SNIc 59 1
33 VTC J221257-005711 rG 22 12 56.568 -00 57 10.87           ~ 1 0
34 VTC J221308-010837 rG 22 13 08.294 -01 08 36.63           ~ 1 0
35 SDSS J221350.43-011129.9 QSO 22 13 50.4327546936 -01 11 29.973499476   20.77 20.34     ~ 16 0
36 SDSS J221405.97+002304.8 rG 22 14 05.9734611672 +00 23 04.816654512           ~ 2 0
37 SDSS J221514.78-005027.9 rG 22 15 14.781 -00 50 27.88           ~ 2 0
38 VTC J221541+010856 rG 22 15 41.052 +01 08 56.33           ~ 1 0
39 SDSS J221547.59-001031.5 rG 22 15 47.603 -00 10 31.47         21.0461 ~ 5 0
40 QSO J2216-0057 QSO 22 16 08.8898085672 -00 57 08.474619996   17.92 17.71     ~ 38 0
41 VTC J221642-004904 rG 22 16 41.808 -00 49 04.44           ~ 1 0
42 VIPERS 405018554 rG 22 16 50.437 +00 54 29.20           ~ 5 0
43 VIPERS 405076131 rG 22 17 10.632 +01 10 37.81           ~ 5 0
44 VTC J221713-002216 rG 22 17 13.480 -00 22 16.44           ~ 1 0
45 VTC J221813-010344 rG 22 18 12.964 -01 03 44.33           ~ 2 0
46 SDSS J221913.42+011146.2 rG 22 19 13.4253342672 +01 11 46.272500664           ~ 2 0
47 VTC J221959+011045 QSO 22 19 58.669 +01 10 45.13           ~ 1 0
48 SDSS J222008.77-010814.6 QSO 22 20 08.7779219808 -01 08 14.556211764           ~ 3 0
49 VTC J222038-001209 rG 22 20 38.043 -00 12 09.44           ~ 1 0
50 SDSS J222108.71-001940.1 QSO 22 21 08.712 -00 19 40.11           ~ 8 0
51 VTC J222123-002509 rG 22 21 22.957 -00 25 08.67           ~ 2 0
52 SDSS J222126.92-001529.9 rG 22 21 26.936 -00 15 29.66         21.0464 ~ 4 0
53 VTC J222150-000325 rG 22 21 50.472 -00 03 25.19           ~ 1 0
54 SDSS J222201.39-005008.6 rG 22 22 01.414 -00 50 08.19           ~ 2 0
55 VTC J222232+011104 rG 22 22 32.325 +01 11 04.13           ~ 1 0
56 SDSS J222235.74+010555.9 rG 22 22 35.744 +01 05 55.90           ~ 2 0
57 SDSS J222329.57+010226.6 BLL 22 23 29.5712726232 +01 02 26.654394588           ~ 46 0
58 VTC J222359+011148 rG 22 23 59.353 +01 11 48.28           ~ 1 0
59 SDSS J222443.40+002857.6 rG 22 24 43.4064349368 +00 28 57.601486380           ~ 3 0
60 SDSS J222519.64+004938.9 rG 22 25 19.652 +00 49 39.18           ~ 2 0
61 VTC J222524-001837 rG 22 25 23.718 -00 18 37.40           ~ 2 0
62 FIRST J222545.6+004037 rG 22 25 45.6026 +00 40 37.949           ~ 2 0
63 SDSS J222605.19-010441.1 rG 22 26 05.186 -01 04 41.19           ~ 2 0
64 VTC J222630-001248 rG 22 26 30.071 -00 12 48.03           ~ 1 0
65 4C 00.81 Bla 22 26 46.53701435 +00 52 11.3314982   21.64 20.97 19.62   ~ 93 1
66 LEDA 1187001 rG 22 27 04.0145582496 +01 10 54.815811276           ~ 3 0
67 2MASS J22275812+0037055 BLL 22 27 58.1313623424 +00 37 05.426018868   18.00 17.46 18.5   ~ 35 2
68 SDSS J222906.68+001908.0 QSO 22 29 06.68410 +00 19 08.0191           ~ 9 0
69 NVSS J222929-000844 rG 22 29 29.580 -00 08 44.85           ~ 2 0
70 FIRST J222941.6+003555 rG 22 29 41.6486 +00 35 55.395           ~ 3 0
71 LEDA 1173841 rG 22 30 23.6529243888 +00 43 33.767329548           ~ 6 0
72 VTC J223041-001644 rG 22 30 41.437 -00 16 44.29           ~ 2 0
73 NVSS J223046+003200 rG 22 30 46.7408976408 +00 31 59.257396668           ~ 4 0
74 VTC J223140+002305 rG 22 31 40.136 +00 23 04.51           ~ 1 0
75 FIRST J223224.8+003431 rG 22 32 24.8903 +00 34 31.098           ~ 2 0
76 VTC J223317-005009 rG 22 33 17.138 -00 50 08.60           ~ 1 0
77 FIRST J223409.0+010618 QSO 22 34 09.036 +01 06 18.19           ~ 2 0
78 SDSS J223513.57-001425.2 rG 22 35 13.5809553672 -00 14 25.279753488           ~ 4 0
79 [VV2006] J223516.3-005850 QSO 22 35 16.2336789408 -00 58 49.692277452   19.69 19.39     ~ 26 0
80 VTC J223607+005259 rG 22 36 06.722 +00 52 58.85           ~ 1 0
81 HD 214129 RS* 22 36 11.9917522944 +00 10 07.071559788   10.53 9.87     K0IV 13 0
82 VTC J223624+004021 rG 22 36 23.785 +00 40 21.41           ~ 1 0
83 HD 214169 RS* 22 36 33.8209381800 -00 33 53.061744564   9.34 8.378   7.548 G0III 31 0
84 FIRST J223908.1+003232 rG 22 39 08.1676033152 +00 32 32.161508916           ~ 4 0
85 [VV2006] J224023.3-003556 QSO 22 40 23.2489759176 -00 35 55.668348780   18.2 19.43 18.2   ~ 29 0
86 SDSS J224036.00+010852.1 QSO 22 40 36.009 +01 08 52.16           ~ 6 0
87 NVSS J224448-000616 BLL 22 44 48.0986126784 -00 06 19.566554760   19.80 19.27 19.5   ~ 26 0
88 FIRST J224627.6-001213 rG 22 46 27.703 -00 12 13.67           ~ 3 0
89 VTC J224657+005240 rG 22 46 56.904 +00 52 39.91           ~ 1 0
90 ICRF J224730.1+000006 BLL 22 47 30.19599756 +00 00 06.4623909   20.01 19.27 18.17   ~ 93 1
91 VTC J224733+010817 rG 22 47 32.555 +01 08 16.85           ~ 1 0
92 FIRST J224803.3+003958 QSO 22 48 03.342 +00 39 58.68           ~ 3 0
93 VTC J224843-005459 rG 22 48 42.947 -00 54 58.97           ~ 1 0
94 VTC J224922+001805 rG 22 49 22.324 +00 18 04.93           ~ 1 0
95 VTC J225103+000156 rG 22 51 02.537 +00 01 56.47           ~ 2 0
96 SDSS J225306.64-010949.8 rG 22 53 06.650 -01 09 49.84           ~ 2 0
97 VTC J225411-010651 rG 22 54 10.631 -01 06 50.83           ~ 1 0
98 SDSS J225437.91-001640.7 QSO 22 54 37.922 -00 16 40.76           ~ 4 0
99 VTC J225510+002526 rG 22 55 10.044 +00 25 25.71           ~ 1 0
100 SDSS J225524.94-000955.5 rG 22 55 24.966 -00 09 55.65           ~ 2 0
101 SDSS J225620.54-004110.0 rG 22 56 20.560 -00 41 09.85     22.47     ~ 4 0
102 VTC J225649-005401 rG 22 56 49.427 -00 54 00.80           ~ 1 0
103 SDSS J225707.28-010237.8 QSO 22 57 07.2892679736 -01 02 37.894703568           ~ 3 0
104 VTC J225934+010821 rG 22 59 33.938 +01 08 20.94           ~ 1 0
105 VTC J225936-003356 rG 22 59 35.742 -00 33 56.13           ~ 1 0
106 VTC J230112-002112 rG 23 01 11.864 -00 21 12.46           ~ 2 0
107 VTC J230113-002941 rG 23 01 13.446 -00 29 40.52           ~ 1 0
108 SDSS J230117.27-000203.7 rG 23 01 17.2711744416 -00 02 03.721493400           ~ 3 0
109 VTC J230132-010319 rG 23 01 31.807 -01 03 19.30           ~ 1 0
110 VTC J230133-002538 rG 23 01 32.930 -00 25 38.26           ~ 1 0
111 SDSS J230157.79+000351.7 QSO 23 01 57.801 +00 03 52.17           ~ 3 0
112 VTC J230218-005817 rG 23 02 18.413 -00 58 17.38           ~ 1 0
113 VTC J230236+005739 rG 23 02 35.514 +00 57 39.16           ~ 1 0
114 RX J2302.6+0034 Y*? 23 02 41.4044741664 +00 34 50.312486424   12.58 11.37     K4Ve 12 0
115 VTC J230334-004006 rG 23 03 33.609 -00 40 05.50           ~ 1 0
116 SDSS J230423.06-000417.2 QSO 23 04 23.0666203632 -00 04 17.345191224   18.8 19.70 18.7   ~ 22 0
117 VTC J230556-001652 rG 23 05 55.598 -00 16 52.29           ~ 1 0
118 FIRST J230635.8-002609 rG 23 06 35.8155 -00 26 08.987           ~ 2 0
119 SDSS J230748.03+002213.2 rG 23 07 48.041 +00 22 13.13           ~ 2 0
120 VTC J230803-000145 rG 23 08 03.0212029920 -00 01 44.873834808           ~ 2 0
121 SDSS J230809.53+002116.6 rG 23 08 09.528 +00 21 16.72           ~ 2 0
122 VTC J230847+010904 rG 23 08 47.265 +01 09 04.22           ~ 1 0
123 VTC J230918+002642 rG 23 09 17.863 +00 26 42.30           ~ 1 0
124 VTC J231014+002531 rG 23 10 14.383 +00 25 30.67           ~ 1 0
125 NVSS J231210-003138 rG 23 12 10.289 -00 31 35.35           ~ 2 0
126 FBQS J2312+0024 QSO 23 12 41.7753259704 +00 24 50.358918852   19.64 19.22     ~ 34 0
127 SDSS J231333.64-001644.8 rG 23 13 33.624 -00 16 44.81           ~ 2 0
128 VTC J231437+003844 rG 23 14 37.324 +00 38 43.85           ~ 1 0
129 VTC J231444+004026 rG 23 14 44.433 +00 40 26.26           ~ 2 0
130 FIRST J231454.8+002456 rG 23 14 54.8337 +00 24 56.080           ~ 2 0
131 VTC J231517+002630 rG 23 15 17.445 +00 26 29.64           ~ 1 0
132 NVSS J231537-003739 rG 23 15 36.67044 -00 37 27.7038           ~ 1 0
133 FIRST J231541.6+002936 QSO 23 15 41.6644411704 +00 29 36.635558784   21.72 21.16     ~ 18 0
134 SDSS J231556.73+004959.8 QSO 23 15 56.7329790144 +00 49 59.907324972           ~ 12 0
135 FIRST J231558.6-001205 rG 23 15 58.646 -00 12 05.09           ~ 3 0
136 SDSS J231713.27+000254.4 rG 23 17 13.255 +00 02 55.58           ~ 2 0
137 VTC J231746-005355 rG 23 17 45.920 -00 53 55.03           ~ 1 0
138 FIRST J231845.8-000754 QSO 23 18 45.8146282104 -00 07 54.857968572   20.23 20.00     ~ 34 0
139 VTC J231942-004547 rG 23 19 42.136 -00 45 46.97           ~ 2 0
140 SDSS J232025.46+002744.0 QSO 23 20 25.4612583312 +00 27 44.024839488           ~ 10 0
141 VTC J232037+001335 rG 23 20 36.748 +00 13 35.07           ~ 1 0
142 NVSS J232124-004842 rG 23 21 24.657 -00 48 45.08     22.16     ~ 3 0
143 VTC J232217+001252 rG 23 22 16.701 +00 12 52.13           ~ 1 0
144 FIRST J232225.6+010357 rG 23 22 25.5718573464 +01 03 56.129741352           ~ 8 0
145 VTC J232236-000712 rG 23 22 36.106 -00 07 11.58           ~ 1 0
146 VTC J232311-003122 rG 23 23 10.579 -00 31 21.53           ~ 1 0
147 VTC J232324+003328 rG 23 23 23.958 +00 33 27.76           ~ 1 0
148 QSO B2320-035 Bla 23 23 31.95375055 -03 17 05.0238540   18.6   18.16   ~ 229 2
149 NVSS J232526-003622 rG 23 25 26.35196 -00 36 23.2583           ~ 1 0
150 FIRST J232548.5-011134 rG 23 25 48.514 -01 11 34.81           ~ 2 0
151 VTC J232634-010513 rG 23 26 34.177 -01 05 12.53           ~ 1 0
152 VTC J232656+000303 rG 23 26 55.795 +00 03 02.98           ~ 1 0
153 VTC J232656-000438 rG 23 26 56.325 -00 04 37.79           ~ 1 0
154 FIRST J232722.6-000507 rG 23 27 22.5593 -00 05 07.035           ~ 2 0
155 SDSS J232804.11+001903.7 QSO 23 28 04.113 +00 19 03.91   21.79   21.61 21.10 ~ 3 0
156 VTC J232933-004002 rG 23 29 32.843 -00 40 02.06           ~ 1 0
157 SDSS J233001.79-002736.6 QSO 23 30 01.759 -00 27 36.23           ~ 5 0
158 VTC J233106+002607 rG 23 31 05.797 +00 26 06.63           ~ 1 0
159 FIRST J233210.4-003101 rG 23 32 10.361 -00 31 01.37           ~ 4 0
160 FIRST J233226.7-010443 rG 23 32 26.7445364976 -01 04 43.348476324           ~ 3 0
161 VTC J233300-005129 rG 23 32 59.903 -00 51 28.72           ~ 1 0
162 VTC J233301-004501 rG 23 33 01.354 -00 45 00.64           ~ 1 0

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