2016ApJ...826..114T

Query : 2016ApJ...826..114T

2016ApJ...826..114T - Astrophys. J., 826, 114-114 (2016/August-1)

A systematic survey of protoclusters at z ∼ 3-6 in the CFHTLS deep fields.

TOSHIKAWA J., KASHIKAWA N., OVERZIER R., MALKAN M.A., FURUSAWA H., ISHIKAWA S., ONOUE M., OTA K., TANAKA M., NIINO Y. and UCHIYAMA H.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the discovery of three protoclusters at z ∼ 3-4 with spectroscopic confirmation in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey Deep Fields. In these fields, we investigate the large-scale projected sky distribution of z ∼ 3-6 Lyman-break galaxies and identify 21 protocluster candidates from regions that are overdense at more than 4σ overdensity significance. Based on cosmological simulations, it is expected that more than 76% of these candidates will evolve into a galaxy cluster of at least a halo mass of 1014 M☉ at z=0. We perform follow-up spectroscopy for eight of the candidates using Subaru/FOCAS, Keck II/DEIMOS, and Gemini-N/GMOS. In total we target 462 dropout candidates and obtain 138 spectroscopic redshifts. We confirm three real protoclusters at z=3-4 with more than five members spectroscopically identified and find one to be an incidental overdense region by mere chance alignment. The other four candidate regions at z ∼ 5-6 require more spectroscopic follow-up in order to be conclusive. A z=3.67 protocluster, which has 11 spectroscopically confirmed members, shows a remarkable core-like structure composed of a central small region (α equivalent widths of members of the protocluster are significantly smaller than those of field galaxies at the same redshift, while there is no difference in the UV luminosity distributions. These results imply that some environmental effects start operating as early as at z ∼ 4 along with the growth of the protocluster structure. This study provides an important benchmark for our analysis of protoclusters in the upcoming Subaru/HSC imaging survey and its spectroscopic follow-up with the Subaru/PFS that will detect thousands of protoclusters up to z ∼ 6.

Abstract Copyright: © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): early universe - galaxies: clusters: general - galaxies: high-redshift - large-scale structure of universe

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/826/114): sources.dat table4.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 2: [TKO2016] DNADNN N=21. Table 4: [TKO2016] DNADNN NN N=138.

Simbad objects: 152

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Number of rows : 152
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 VIDEO J022424.02-041929.62 G 02 24 24.047 -04 19 30.14           ~ 2 0
2 HSCS J022424-041931 G 02 24 24.653 -04 19 31.71           ~ 3 0
3 VIDEO J022426.92-041809.43 EmG 02 24 26.931 -04 18 09.40           ~ 3 0
4 [TKO2016] D1UD01 17 G 02 24 27.725 -04 17 48.50           ~ 1 0
5 [TKO2016] D1UD01 19 G 02 24 28.399 -04 20 01.41           ~ 1 0
6 [TKO2016] D1UD01 23 G 02 24 28.416 -04 21 30.12           ~ 1 0
7 HSCS J022429-042143 G 02 24 29.531 -04 21 43.03           ~ 3 0
8 VIDEO J022430.24-042025.65 G 02 24 30.247 -04 20 25.53           ~ 2 0
9 [SHL2019] LAE33092 EmG 02 24 32.111 -04 19 01.04           ~ 2 0
10 [TKO2016] D1UD01 7 G 02 24 32.181 -04 18 52.41           ~ 2 0
11 [TKO2016] D1UD01 4 G 02 24 32.251 -04 20 05.64           ~ 1 0
12 [TKO2016] D1UD01 10 G 02 24 32.361 -04 18 33.93           ~ 2 0
13 [TKO2016] D1UD01 1 G 02 24 33.775 -04 22 05.64           ~ 1 0
14 [TKO2016] D1UD01 18 G 02 24 35.157 -04 17 00.64           ~ 1 0
15 [TKO2016] D1UD01 PCG? 02 24 35.40 -04 19 58.9           ~ 3 0
16 [SHL2019] LAE31361 EmG 02 24 35.414 -04 20 32.25           ~ 2 0
17 [TKO2016] D1UD01 25 G 02 24 35.602 -04 16 54.03           ~ 1 0
18 HSCS J022435-042110 G 02 24 35.608 -04 21 10.87           ~ 2 0
19 [TKO2016] D1UD01 14 G 02 24 35.609 -04 19 31.99           ~ 1 0
20 [TKO2016] D1UD01 15 G 02 24 36.250 -04 19 11.89           ~ 1 0
21 [TKO2016] D1UD01 12 G 02 24 36.424 -04 20 40.01           ~ 1 0
22 [TKO2016] D1UD01 24 G 02 24 36.548 -04 18 26.31           ~ 1 0
23 VIDEO J022436.99-041809.56 G 02 24 36.988 -04 18 09.47           ~ 2 0
24 VIDEO J022437.49-041920.31 G 02 24 37.488 -04 19 20.22           ~ 2 0
25 [TKO2016] D1UD01 27 G 02 24 38.037 -04 22 12.46           ~ 1 0
26 [TKO2016] D1UD01 11 G 02 24 38.052 -04 17 50.69           ~ 1 0
27 [TKO2016] D1RD01 4 G 02 24 38.212 -04 57 15.05           ~ 1 0
28 [TKO2016] D1UD01 20 G 02 24 38.367 -04 17 16.11           ~ 1 0
29 [TKO2016] D1UD01 3 G 02 24 38.501 -04 19 31.91           ~ 1 0
30 [TKO2016] D1UD01 13 G 02 24 39.007 -04 17 25.43           ~ 1 0
31 [TKO2016] D1UD01 21 G 02 24 41.996 -04 18 59.15           ~ 1 0
32 [TKO2016] D1RD01 3 G 02 24 42.586 -04 58 36.00           ~ 1 0
33 [TKO2016] D1RD01 6 G 02 24 43.757 -04 54 31.19           ~ 1 0
34 HSCS J022444-041935 G 02 24 44.626 -04 19 35.65           ~ 3 0
35 [TKO2016] D1RD01 1 G 02 24 45.467 -04 58 52.83           ~ 1 0
36 [TKO2016] D1RD01 2 G 02 24 45.957 -04 56 57.69           ~ 1 0
37 [TKO2016] D1RD01 5 G 02 24 45.964 -04 54 34.80           ~ 1 0
38 [TKO2016] D1RD01 PCG 02 24 47.03 -04 54 43.3           ~ 2 0
39 [TKO2016] D1GD01 35 G 02 25 08.716 -04 15 24.74           ~ 1 0
40 HSCS J022511-041620 G 02 25 11.525 -04 16 20.17           ~ 3 0
41 HSCS J022517-041402 G 02 25 17.290 -04 14 02.23           ~ 3 0
42 [TKO2016] D1GD01 34 G 02 25 21.473 -04 16 01.50           ~ 1 0
43 [TKO2016] D1GD01 4 G 02 25 25.565 -04 17 12.58           ~ 1 0
44 [TKO2016] D1GD01 26 G 02 25 25.816 -04 16 38.94           ~ 1 0
45 [TKO2016] D1GD01 25 G 02 25 27.362 -04 16 43.59           ~ 1 0
46 [TKO2016] D1GD01 36 G 02 25 28.097 -04 14 54.46           ~ 1 0
47 [TKO2016] D1GD01 1 G 02 25 28.536 -04 17 14.12           ~ 1 0
48 HSCS J022530-041515 G 02 25 30.087 -04 15 15.84           ~ 3 0
49 [TKO2016] D1GD01 2 G 02 25 30.408 -04 15 56.70           ~ 1 0
50 [TKO2016] D1GD01 28 G 02 25 31.239 -04 15 49.81           ~ 1 0
51 [TKO2016] D1GD01 3 G 02 25 32.014 -04 17 03.56           ~ 1 0
52 HSCS J022533-041445 G 02 25 33.011 -04 14 45.24           ~ 3 0
53 [TKO2016] D1GD01 17 G 02 25 34.147 -04 14 21.23           ~ 1 0
54 [TKO2016] D1GD01 30 G 02 25 34.433 -04 15 05.46           ~ 1 0
55 [TKO2016] D1GD01 29 G 02 25 35.470 -04 14 15.68           ~ 1 0
56 [TKO2016] D1GD01 PCG? 02 25 36.30 -04 15 57.4           ~ 1 0
57 [TKO2016] D1GD01 23 G 02 25 39.324 -04 14 40.82           ~ 1 0
58 HSCS J022539-041420 G 02 25 39.708 -04 14 20.73           ~ 3 0
59 [TKO2016] D1GD01 31 G 02 25 39.830 -04 14 53.33           ~ 1 0
60 HSCS J022541-041606 G 02 25 41.772 -04 16 06.53           ~ 3 0
61 [TKO2016] D1GD01 15 G 02 25 42.923 -04 15 38.74           ~ 1 0
62 HSCS J022544-041411 G 02 25 44.405 -04 14 11.81           ~ 2 0
63 [TKO2016] D1GD01 20 G 02 25 49.845 -04 14 53.42           ~ 1 0
64 [TKO2016] D1GD01 7 G 02 25 51.739 -04 14 37.26           ~ 1 0
65 [TKO2016] D1GD01 18 G 02 25 56.529 -04 17 27.85           ~ 1 0
66 [TKO2016] D1GD01 22 G 02 25 56.593 -04 15 15.20           ~ 1 0
67 HSCS J022557-041810 G 02 25 57.460 -04 18 10.27           ~ 2 0
68 [TKO2016] D1GD01 33 G 02 25 57.659 -04 14 24.90           ~ 1 0
69 [TKO2016] D1GD01 13 G 02 25 59.907 -04 15 45.42           ~ 1 0
70 [TKO2016] D1GD01 27 G 02 26 01.853 -04 14 41.24           ~ 1 0
71 [TKO2016] D1GD01 12 G 02 26 07.202 -04 17 12.22           ~ 1 0
72 [TKO2016] D1GD01 10 G 02 26 10.246 -04 18 18.50           ~ 1 0
73 [TKO2016] D1GD01 24 G 02 26 11.555 -04 17 39.51           ~ 1 0
74 HSCS J022611-041921 G 02 26 11.563 -04 19 21.65           ~ 2 0
75 [TKO2016] D1GD01 5 G 02 26 12.550 -04 18 41.23           ~ 1 0
76 [TKO2016] D1ID01 PCG? 02 27 18.40 -04 50 58.9           ~ 1 0
77 [WMH2013] 6 G 02 27 18.77 -04 50 08.4           ~ 2 0
78 [TKO2016] D1ID01 3 G 02 27 19.000 -04 53 48.00           ~ 1 0
79 [TKO2016] D1ID01 2 G 02 27 21.000 -04 50 49.30           ~ 1 0
80 BD+52 913 WD* 05 05 30.6180977592 +52 49 51.919301604 10.25 11.44 11.69 11.93 12.108 DA.8 1153 0
81 HZ 44 HS* 13 23 35.2629445608 +36 07 59.544140304 10.186 11.42 11.65 12.00 11.995 sdBN0VIIHe28 439 0
82 NAME Subaru Deep Field NGP reg 13 24 21.3 +27 29 23           ~ 330 1
83 [TKO2016] D3ID01 PCG? 14 19 14.20 +52 55 15.7           ~ 1 0
84 [TKO2016] D3ID01 2 G 14 19 17.200 +52 56 14.40           ~ 1 0
85 [TKO2016] D3ID01 1 G 14 19 22.500 +52 57 22.50           ~ 1 0
86 BD+28 4211 HS* 21 51 11.0221915656 +28 51 50.367627468 8.922 10.25 10.58 10.656 10.831 sdO2VIIIHe5 837 0
87 [TKO2016] D4UD01 5 G 22 13 51.171 -17 57 18.84           ~ 1 0
88 [TKO2016] D4UD01 4 G 22 13 53.488 -17 56 54.74           ~ 1 0
89 [TKO2016] D4UD01 6 G 22 13 53.773 -17 57 40.48           ~ 1 0
90 [TKO2016] D4UD01 7 G 22 13 54.597 -17 59 06.04           ~ 1 0
91 [TKO2016] D4UD01 8 G 22 13 55.114 -17 59 55.62           ~ 1 0
92 [TKO2016] D4UD01 15 G 22 13 58.117 -17 59 46.75           ~ 1 0
93 [TKO2016] D4UD01 2 G 22 13 58.570 -17 59 30.91           ~ 1 0
94 [TKO2016] D4UD01 PCG? 22 14 03.40 -17 58 43.4           ~ 4 0
95 [TKO2016] D4UD01 11 G 22 14 03.430 -17 59 22.71           ~ 1 0
96 [TKO2016] D4UD01 1 G 22 14 03.642 -18 00 09.90           ~ 1 0
97 [TKO2016] D4UD01 10 G 22 14 04.154 -18 00 05.58           ~ 1 0
98 [TKO2016] D4UD01 9 G 22 14 04.835 -17 57 44.20           ~ 1 0
99 [TKO2016] D4UD01 16 G 22 14 07.173 -18 00 24.05           ~ 1 0
100 [TKO2016] D4UD01 14 G 22 14 09.371 -17 58 15.61           ~ 1 0
101 [TKO2016] D4UD01 12 G 22 14 09.396 -17 57 58.56           ~ 1 0
102 [TKO2016] D4UD01 3 G 22 14 11.265 -17 59 56.51           ~ 1 0
103 [TKO2016] D4UD01 13 G 22 14 16.330 -17 57 22.22           ~ 1 0
104 [TKO2016] D4RD02 2 G 22 16 39.959 -17 31 34.58           ~ 1 0
105 [TKO2016] D4GD01 24 G 22 16 42.903 -17 17 35.09           ~ 1 0
106 [TKO2016] D4GD01 10 G 22 16 42.993 -17 15 53.36           ~ 1 0
107 [TKO2016] D4GD01 33 G 22 16 44.680 -17 17 48.48           ~ 1 0
108 [TKO2016] D4RD02 3 G 22 16 45.765 -17 29 19.89           ~ 1 0
109 [TKO2016] D4RD02 PCG? 22 16 46.10 -17 29 16.7           ~ 1 0
110 [TKO2016] D4RD02 1 G 22 16 46.722 -17 28 02.00           ~ 1 0
111 [TKO2016] D4GD01 23 G 22 16 46.961 -17 17 10.24           ~ 1 0
112 [TKO2016] D4GD01 22 G 22 16 46.962 -17 21 06.42           ~ 1 0
113 [TKO2016] D4GD01 40 G 22 16 48.708 -17 15 41.17           ~ 1 0
114 [TKO2016] D4GD01 20 G 22 16 48.909 -17 15 31.09           ~ 1 0
115 [TKO2016] D4GD01 26 G 22 16 49.533 -17 16 44.13           ~ 1 0
116 [TKO2016] D4GD01 41 G 22 16 49.635 -17 15 26.63           ~ 1 0
117 [TKO2016] D4GD01 13 G 22 16 49.716 -17 17 00.96           ~ 1 0
118 [TKO2016] D4GD01 34 G 22 16 49.846 -17 17 16.49           ~ 1 0
119 [TKO2016] D4GD01 4 G 22 16 49.872 -17 21 53.02           ~ 1 0
120 [TKO2016] D4GD01 25 G 22 16 50.522 -17 18 22.62           ~ 1 0
121 [TKO2016] D4GD01 11 G 22 16 50.981 -17 18 49.87           ~ 1 0
122 [TKO2016] D4GD01 PCG 22 16 51.37 -17 18 24.6           ~ 4 0
123 [TKO2016] D4GD01 15 G 22 16 51.410 -17 17 50.44           ~ 1 0
124 [TKO2016] D4GD01 18 G 22 16 51.591 -17 18 12.00           ~ 1 0
125 [TKO2016] D4GD01 9 G 22 16 51.756 -17 24 57.97           ~ 1 0
126 [TKO2016] D4GD01 35 G 22 16 51.997 -17 26 10.95           ~ 1 0
127 [TKO2016] D4GD01 37 G 22 16 52.593 -17 29 00.63           ~ 1 0
128 [TKO2016] D4GD01 36 G 22 16 53.458 -17 20 03.45           ~ 1 0
129 [TKO2016] D4GD01 12 G 22 16 53.509 -17 19 06.60           ~ 1 0
130 [TKO2016] D4GD01 14 G 22 16 53.576 -17 19 07.20           ~ 1 0
131 [TKO2016] D4GD01 16 G 22 16 54.326 -17 18 34.98           ~ 1 0
132 [TKO2016] D4GD01 6 G 22 16 54.811 -17 28 37.91           ~ 1 0
133 [TKO2016] D4GD01 21 G 22 16 55.005 -17 21 00.75           ~ 1 0
134 [TKO2016] D4GD01 1 G 22 16 55.191 -17 25 51.91           ~ 1 0
135 [TKO2016] D4GD01 19 G 22 16 55.554 -17 20 14.08           ~ 1 0
136 [TKO2016] D4GD01 3 G 22 16 55.670 -17 20 49.98           ~ 1 0
137 [TKO2016] D4GD01 42 G 22 16 56.050 -17 24 57.12           ~ 1 0
138 [TKO2016] D4GD01 28 G 22 16 56.467 -17 17 20.11           ~ 1 0
139 [TKO2016] D4GD01 17 G 22 16 57.890 -17 21 51.88           ~ 1 0
140 [TKO2016] D4GD01 7 G 22 16 58.872 -17 28 33.27           ~ 1 0
141 [TKO2016] D4GD01 38 G 22 16 59.778 -17 22 16.93           ~ 1 0
142 [TKO2016] D4GD01 31 G 22 16 59.785 -17 26 15.22           ~ 1 0
143 [TKO2016] D4GD01 32 G 22 17 00.167 -17 27 32.72           ~ 1 0
144 [TKO2016] D4GD01 2 G 22 17 00.190 -17 25 06.37           ~ 1 0
145 [TKO2016] D4GD01 5 G 22 17 01.326 -17 20 52.55           ~ 1 0
146 [TKO2016] D4GD01 29 G 22 17 01.475 -17 23 58.97           ~ 1 0
147 [TKO2016] D4GD01 39 G 22 17 03.102 -17 25 52.33           ~ 1 0
148 [TKO2016] D4GD01 30 G 22 17 04.114 -17 29 22.86           ~ 1 0
149 [TKO2016] D4GD01 8 G 22 17 07.296 -17 28 45.15           ~ 1 0
150 [TKO2016] D4GD01 27 G 22 17 09.126 -17 28 52.31           ~ 1 0
151 NAME SSA22 Protocluster PCG 22 17 34.0 +00 17 01           ~ 175 0
152 SSA 22 reg 22 17 34.7 +00 15 07           ~ 351 0

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