2016MNRAS.455..859S

Query : 2016MNRAS.455..859S

2016MNRAS.455..859S - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 455, 859-883 (2016/January-1)

Rates of stellar tidal disruption as probes of the supermassive black hole mass function.

STONE N.C. and METZGER B.D.

Abstract (from CDS):

Rates of stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) due to two-body relaxation are calculated using a large galaxy sample (N ~ 200) in order to explore the sensitivity of the TDE rates to observational uncertainties, such as the parametrization of galaxy light profiles and the stellar mass function. The largest uncertainty arises due to the poorly constrained occupation fraction of SMBHs in low-mass galaxies, which otherwise dominate the total TDE rate. The detection rate of TDE flares by optical surveys is calculated as a function of SMBH mass and other observables for several physically motivated models of TDE emission. We also quantify the fraction of galaxies that produce deeply penetrating disruption events. If the majority of the detected events are characterized by super-Eddington luminosities (such as disc winds, or synchrotron radiation from an off-axis relativistic jet), then the measured SMBH mass distribution will tightly constrain the low-end SMBH occupation fraction. If Eddington-limited emission channels dominate, however, then the occupation fraction sensitivity is much less pronounced in a flux-limited survey (although still present in a volume-complete event sample). The SMBH mass distribution of the current sample of TDEs, though highly inhomogeneous and encumbered by selection effects, already suggests that Eddington-limited emission channels dominate. Even our most conservative rate estimates appear to be in tension with much lower observationally inferred TDE rates, and we discuss several possible resolutions to this discrepancy.

Abstract Copyright: © 2015 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2015)

Journal keyword(s): accretion, accretion discs - black hole physics - galaxies: nuclei - X-rays: bursts

Simbad objects: 165

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Number of rows : 165
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 474 GiP 01 20 06.6870520512 +03 24 55.861973100 12.75 12.37 11.51 11.42 10.56 ~ 371 1
2 Z 385-96 BiC 01 23 26.4238486128 +01 42 20.741450292   15.5       ~ 35 0
3 NGC 524 GiP 01 24 47.7429545736 +09 32 20.089023900   11.5       ~ 494 1
4 IC 1695 rG 01 25 07.645 +08 41 57.68   14.87       ~ 68 1
5 NGC 545 BiC 01 25 59.12 -01 20 24.8   13.21 13.34     ~ 142 2
6 IC 115 Sy1 01 26 54.4300162320 +19 12 52.190971380   15.2       ~ 76 1
7 NGC 596 GiG 01 32 51.9046959816 -07 01 53.646821220   11.5       ~ 247 0
8 MCG+00-05-040 BiC 01 51 27.2163836496 -02 15 31.690295352   15   13.39   ~ 26 0
9 NGC 720 Sy1 01 53 00.523 -13 44 19.25   12.4   10.36   ~ 536 0
10 NGC 741 rG 01 56 23.2 +05 37 35   13.2       ~ 309 2
11 Z 387-27 rG 02 02 17.310 -01 07 40.58   15.7       ~ 49 0
12 NGC 821 AG? 02 08 21.1358498040 +10 59 41.832436704   12.210 11.310 10.739 9.744 ~ 592 0
13 VIDEO J022516.97-043258.91 G 02 25 16.98 -04 32 58.9           ~ 33 0
14 NGC 1016 GiG 02 38 19.5696395016 +02 07 09.482594448   13.3       ~ 95 0
15 NGC 1023 AG? 02 40 24.0133575864 +39 03 47.663392896 10.91 10.35 9.35 7.83   ~ 689 2
16 NGC 1052 Bla 02 41 04.79849989 -08 15 20.7519527 11.84 11.41 10.47 10.71   ~ 1397 2
17 MCG+06-07-004 BiC 02 46 03.9460542576 +36 54 18.840411612   15.50       ~ 46 1
18 Z 463-35 BiC 02 56 28.763 +15 54 58.16   15.2       ~ 36 0
19 LEDA 11753 EmG 03 08 28.8068927256 -23 36 52.944253164   15.55       ~ 23 0
20 SN 2006aj SN* 03 21 39.670 +16 52 02.27 17.96 19.11 17.40     SNIc-BL 1007 1
21 NGC 1316 rG 03 22 41.789 -37 12 29.52 9.81 9.15 8.53 7.66   ~ 1491 1
22 NGC 1331 GiG 03 26 28.3322458080 -21 21 19.955101860   14.25   12.86   ~ 79 0
23 NGC 1351 GiG 03 30 34.9598617824 -34 51 14.242996620   12.30   10.85   ~ 190 0
24 2MASX J03370557-5501186 BiC 03 37 05.6158120944 -55 01 18.970258224   16.25       ~ 22 0
25 NGC 1399 rG 03 38 29.083 -35 27 02.67 11.05 9.74 9.59 8.12   ~ 1636 1
26 NGC 1427 GiG 03 42 19.4455150392 -35 23 33.169251120   11.89   10.44   ~ 298 0
27 NGC 1426 GiG 03 42 49.0997091480 -22 06 30.173615028   12.21 11.44 10.90   ~ 205 0
28 NGC 1439 GiG 03 44 49.9398454104 -21 55 14.341002960   12.23   10.86   ~ 179 0
29 NGC 1500 BiC 03 58 13.9953646560 -52 19 41.408202540   14.44       ~ 32 0
30 NGC 1553 GiP 04 16 10.4697802536 -55 46 48.072797400 10.76 10.10 9.40 8.74   ~ 395 2
31 MCG-02-12-039 rG 04 33 37.8465077496 -13 15 42.989961204   13.95 14.22     ~ 104 2
32 NGC 1700 EmG 04 56 56.3160873072 -04 51 56.794713228   12   11.14   ~ 356 1
33 2MASX J05010831-2234584 BiC 05 01 08.3042486616 -22 34 58.129827888           ~ 24 0
34 NGC 2300 AG? 07 32 20.486 +85 42 31.90   12.2       ~ 346 0
35 NGC 2434 EmG 07 34 51.1504542360 -69 17 02.996020032 12.82 12.50 11.26 10.84   ~ 192 1
36 NGC 2549 AG? 08 18 58.3507032336 +57 48 11.022298740   12.1       ~ 271 0
37 NGC 2592 AG? 08 27 08.0516435904 +25 58 13.122058224   13.6       ~ 126 0
38 Z 237-15 AG? 08 44 05.9308682352 +49 47 37.870900980 13.87 13.40 12.46     ~ 106 1
39 Z 237-20 GiG 08 47 22.7337815112 +49 33 31.578586812   13.8       ~ 35 0
40 NGC 2636 GiG 08 48 24.5529324360 +73 40 16.177544832   14.4       ~ 45 0
41 NGC 2634 GiP 08 48 25.3648660440 +73 58 01.883152560   12.6       ~ 100 0
42 NGC 2685 Sy2 08 55 34.7027817000 +58 44 03.876540108   13.68 12.70     ~ 459 1
43 NGC 2699 GiG 08 55 48.7851438216 -03 07 39.575588736   13.6       ~ 110 0
44 NGC 2778 GiP 09 12 24.3741783168 +35 01 39.140496840   13.1       ~ 303 0
45 NGC 2872 rG 09 25 42.5308974048 +11 25 55.727649480   13.0       ~ 89 0
46 NGC 2902 EmG 09 30 52.8973999584 -14 44 08.596955256   13.1   12.03 12.4 ~ 69 0
47 NGC 2907 LIN 09 31 36.6151061328 -16 44 04.957153296   13.15 12.06 11.25   ~ 68 0
48 NGC 2974 Sy2 09 42 33.2918467632 -03 41 57.038311068   12.19   10.77   ~ 463 0
49 NGC 2950 AG? 09 42 35.1484995048 +58 51 04.584956904   11.8       ~ 223 0
50 NGC 2986 EmG 09 44 16.0193679072 -21 16 40.971622512   11.60 10.93 9.96   ~ 171 0
51 NGC 3056 Sy2 09 54 32.8538928504 -28 17 53.628683496   12.61   11.00 12.0 ~ 75 0
52 PS1-11af ev 09 57 26.815 +03 14 01.00           ~ 71 0
53 NGC 3078 rG 09 58 24.59498715 -26 55 35.9552427   12.00 11.07 10.51   ~ 164 1
54 2MASX J10010952-0004460 BiC 10 01 09.5432169528 -00 04 46.263269676   15.13       ~ 31 0
55 NGC 3065 GiP 10 01 55.2298337568 +72 10 13.113502068   14.17 13.19     ~ 129 0
56 NGC 3115 GiG 10 05 13.9270507008 -07 43 06.982712292   11   9.37   ~ 1067 2
57 NGC 3193 GiP 10 18 24.884 +21 53 38.32 12.29 11.83 10.88 12.19   ~ 301 1
58 IC 613 BiC 10 27 07.7881398072 +11 00 38.643884136   15.1       ~ 48 1
59 NGC 3266 GiG 10 33 17.6098160184 +64 44 57.720597360   13.5       ~ 68 0
60 NGC 3348 GiG 10 47 10.0367649672 +72 50 22.685834940   12.0       ~ 127 0
61 NGC 3377 GiP 10 47 42.400 +13 59 08.30 11.55 11.24 10.38     ~ 798 1
62 M 105 LIN 10 47 49.600 +12 34 53.87   10.56 9.76 9.12 8.18 ~ 1504 0
63 SN 2010bc SN* 10 48 07.061 +56 51 00.54           SNIa 13 1
64 NGC 3384 GiG 10 48 16.8855574392 +12 37 45.371165844   10.0       ~ 617 1
65 NGC 3414 GiC 10 51 16.2099174408 +27 58 30.297624852   12.1       ~ 353 0
66 Z 66-76 AG? 10 58 37.5665096616 +09 03 01.587767868   13.7       ~ 76 0
67 2MASS J11084011+3405523 G 11 08 40.1149579272 +34 05 52.337925924           ~ 142 0
68 NGC 3551 BiC 11 09 44.4516794880 +21 45 32.140238112   14.8       ~ 64 1
69 NGC 3585 GiG 11 13 17.109 -26 45 17.96   10.64   9.22   ~ 304 0
70 NGC 3595 GiG 11 15 25.5491549736 +47 26 49.424185356   13.0       ~ 73 0
71 NGC 3599 GiP 11 15 26.9494646448 +18 06 37.428503940   13.0       ~ 226 0
72 NGC 3605 GiG 11 16 46.5896102400 +18 01 01.777666908   12.7       ~ 261 0
73 NGC 3607 Sy2 11 16 54.65687 +18 03 06.5120   13.84 12.76     ~ 490 1
74 NGC 3608 LIN 11 16 58.967 +18 08 54.71   11.7       ~ 527 0
75 NGC 3613 GiG 11 18 36.130 +57 59 59.73   11.6       ~ 221 0
76 IC 2738 BiC 11 21 23.0550101136 +34 21 24.334637616   15.3       ~ 48 1
77 IC 712 rG 11 34 49.2945748128 +49 04 39.576182052   14.8       ~ 92 1
78 NGC 3842 BiC 11 44 02.155 +19 56 59.37 14.22 13.70 11.82 12.04   ~ 308 3
79 MCG-06-26-007 GiG 11 47 16.4105049576 -37 32 58.157394684   13.58   12.41   ~ 43 0
80 NGC 3900 GiP 11 49 09.4563144120 +27 01 19.276393872   12.5       ~ 202 0
81 NGC 4026 GiP 11 59 25.0914676128 +50 57 41.951225700   12.17       ~ 290 0
82 2MASS J12013602+3003052 G 12 01 36.0281668104 +30 03 05.576406012           ~ 47 0
83 NGC 4121 GiP 12 07 56.6352570912 +65 06 50.188745124   14.1       ~ 57 0
84 NGC 4128 GiG 12 08 32.2956594552 +68 46 03.393508728   12.7       ~ 78 0
85 NGC 4143 LIN 12 09 36.0679174440 +42 32 03.031963368   13.04 12.08     ~ 251 0
86 NGC 4150 GiG 12 10 33.655 +30 24 05.35 12.72 12.44 11.64     ~ 331 2
87 NGC 4168 Sy2 12 12 17.2692381408 +13 12 18.688208724 12.58 12.11 11.18     ~ 393 1
88 NGC 4278 LIN 12 20 06.8242 +29 16 50.722 11.54 11.09 10.16     ~ 988 2
89 NGC 4291 GiG 12 20 17.699 +75 22 15.47   17.0       ~ 321 1
90 NGC 4365 GiG 12 24 28.228 +07 19 03.07   11.5       ~ 871 0
91 M 84 Sy2 12 25 03.74333 +12 53 13.1393 12.67 12.09 10.49     ~ 1841 2
92 NGC 4387 GiG 12 25 41.6768484264 +12 48 37.804615956 13.42 13.01 12.12   10.87 ~ 409 1
93 NGC 4417 GiP 12 26 50.6084412168 +09 35 03.354168804   12.2       ~ 268 0
94 NGC 4458 GiP 12 28 57.5613938232 +13 14 30.946545276 13.27 12.93 12.07     ~ 429 2
95 NGC 4464 GiG 12 29 21.2937802368 +08 09 23.807609316   13.5       ~ 242 0
96 NGC 4467 GiG 12 29 30.2447376768 +07 59 34.273371336   15.2       ~ 187 0
97 NGC 4474 GiG 12 29 53.5396737408 +14 04 06.881708604   12.6       ~ 278 0
98 NGC 4478 GiP 12 30 17.4160005576 +12 19 42.790577160 12.82 12.36 11.45   10.17 ~ 508 1
99 NGC 4494 GiP 12 31 24.0391348536 +25 46 30.071664120   10.55 9.74     ~ 491 0
100 NGC 4503 GiP 12 32 06.2324986032 +11 10 34.960071396 12.66 12.05 11.07     ~ 225 1
101 IC 798 GiG 12 32 33.4026417888 +15 24 55.432700280   15.3       ~ 108 0
102 IC 3509 GiG 12 34 11.5324571232 +12 02 56.163023196   15.3       ~ 125 0
103 NGC 4564 GiG 12 36 26.9869512504 +11 26 21.204472848 12.51 12.05 11.12     ~ 615 1
104 NGC 4589 LIN 12 37 24.9947272593 +74 11 30.861224110   12.0       ~ 300 1
105 NGC 4648 GiG 12 41 44.3891511144 +74 25 15.700353240   12.6       ~ 125 0
106 M 59 GiG 12 42 02.2581375168 +11 38 48.909507756   11.0       ~ 721 0
107 NGC 4636 LIN 12 42 49.8333280080 +02 41 15.951929028   12.62 11.84     ~ 1156 1
108 M 60 GiC 12 43 39.9708251934 +11 33 09.688174067   10.3       ~ 1395 1
109 NGC 4660 GiP 12 44 31.9814021280 +11 11 25.739106972   12.1       ~ 434 0
110 NGC 4697 GiG 12 48 35.8981498824 -05 48 02.482374564   10.97   9.83   ~ 895 0
111 NGC 4709 Sy2 12 50 03.9037103928 -41 22 55.094298420   12.48 11.32 10.89   ~ 134 0
112 MCG-04-30-030 GiG 12 51 37.6549523040 -26 07 02.693564436   13.51   12.19 12.76 ~ 45 0
113 NGC 4742 GiG 12 51 48.0416784480 -10 27 17.196625800   12   11.55   ~ 235 1
114 ESO 443-4 rG 12 54 22.2141014424 -29 00 46.515592764   14.53   12.93 13.62 ~ 49 1
115 MCG-04-31-005 Sy1 12 55 35.6914004112 -26 49 30.158962932   12.84   11.28 12.35 ~ 50 0
116 PKS 1254-300 rG 12 57 21.9653668728 -30 21 49.024048752   15.05   14.20 13.87 ~ 44 1
117 NGC 4874 LIN 12 59 35.7093764280 +27 57 33.293892204 13.01 13.7 12.71 12.27 11.386 ~ 814 3
118 MCG-05-31-023 EmG 13 03 02.8586372160 -30 47 34.781224632   13.74   12.33   ~ 33 0
119 NGC 5017 GiG 13 12 54.5176056816 -16 45 56.864317068   13.2   12.49   ~ 72 0
120 IC 875 GiG 13 17 07.5495686928 +57 32 22.150788792   13.9       ~ 59 0
121 NGC 5077 rG 13 19 31.66962921 -12 39 25.0765176   13.87 12.85 11.30   ~ 312 1
122 SDSS J132341.97+482701.3 G 13 23 41.9755425624 +48 27 01.261293624           ~ 34 0
123 MCG-05-32-007 rG 13 24 06.7145431752 -31 40 11.559586800   14.31   12.66 13.17 ~ 45 0
124 MCG-05-32-026 rG 13 27 56.884 -31 29 43.71   13.88 15 12.24 12.76 ~ 88 2
125 NGC 5198 GiP 13 30 11.3858465016 +46 40 14.667297420   13.2       ~ 189 0
126 2MASX J13345528-3505576 BiC 13 34 55.3001490024 -35 05 58.029870372   15.68   14.50 13.71 ~ 20 0
127 NGC 5308 GiP 13 47 00.4361008824 +60 58 23.334066588   12.5       ~ 217 0
128 NGC 5370 LIN 13 54 09.3709053024 +60 40 40.949916888   14.3       ~ 58 0
129 NGC 5557 GiG 14 18 25.708 +36 29 37.28   12.2       ~ 237 0
130 CANDELS EGS F160W J141929.8+525206.4 AGN 14 19 29.80863 +52 52 06.3650   22.16   20.139 19.580 ~ 54 0
131 2MASS J14202436+5334117 BLL 14 20 24.3988020192 +53 34 11.158101156   20.49 20.03     ~ 40 0
132 NGC 5576 GiP 14 21 03.691 +03 16 15.78 12.25 11.85 10.96     ~ 347 1
133 MCG-05-35-001 AG? 14 39 46.3511088696 -32 40 09.353154756   13.36   11.95   ~ 31 0
134 Z 248-17 LIN 14 41 17.095 +44 28 43.47   14.50 13.69     ~ 38 0
135 PTF 09axc SN* 14 53 13.06 +22 14 32.2           SNII 52 0
136 PSN K0905-001 SN? 14 57 03.10 +49 36 40.8           ~ 85 0
137 NGC 5796 GiP 14 59 24.115 -16 37 26.55   13   11.37   ~ 118 0
138 NGC 5812 EmG 15 00 55.708 -07 27 26.33   12   11.19   ~ 164 0
139 NGC 5813 LIN 15 01 11.2302420864 +01 42 07.141569696 12.00 11.45 10.46 10.06   ~ 673 2
140 NGC 5831 GiG 15 04 07.0002600408 +01 13 11.705607012   13.1   11.19   ~ 304 0
141 NGC 5838 GiG 15 05 26.2447857696 +02 05 57.349108392   12.1   10.26   ~ 252 0
142 NGC 5845 GiG 15 06 00.7823239488 +01 38 01.704838596   13.8 11.20 12.06 9.94 ~ 403 0
143 UGC 9767 BiC 15 12 47.4867186264 +07 26 03.876651384   16.0       ~ 44 0
144 NGC 5905 H2G 15 15 23.3280793632 +55 31 01.926808032   13.6       ~ 287 1
145 NGC 5898 EmG 15 18 13.5683042256 -24 05 52.428845076   12.37 11.52 10.71   ~ 155 1
146 NGC 5903 GiG 15 18 36.529 -24 04 06.94   12.11 11.48 10.73   ~ 145 1
147 NGC 5982 LIN 15 38 39.778 +59 21 21.21   12.4       ~ 302 0
148 Z 108-73 rG 16 02 17.0257413888 +15 58 28.670337876   14.9       ~ 95 0
149 PS1-10jh ev 16 09 28.296 +53 40 23.52           ~ 153 0
150 PTF 09djl SN* 16 33 55.94 +30 14 16.3           SNII 74 0
151 SWIFT J164449.3+573451 G 16 44 47.81184000 +57 35 00.7113480           ~ 533 0
152 Z 367-19 rG 16 50 58.7959138560 +81 34 29.029137924   15.5       ~ 40 1
153 NGC 6278 GiP 17 00 50.3235598776 +23 00 39.735179064   13.8       ~ 173 0
154 NGC 6340 GiP 17 10 24.8346254376 +72 18 15.919996608   11.87 11.01     ~ 197 1
155 IC 4931 BiC 20 00 50.3794754496 -38 34 30.251737020   12.82   11.26   ~ 52 1
156 MCG-07-43-016 BiC 21 05 04.4812113792 -43 25 11.241732288   14.17   12.70   ~ 30 0
157 NGC 7014 Sy1 21 07 52.1518322976 -47 10 44.295026412   12.93 12.25 11.56   ~ 103 1
158 NGC 7052 rG 21 18 33.0441963648 +26 26 49.174586196 15.52 14.85 13.09     ~ 348 1
159 NGC 7213 Bla 22 09 16.2100443720 -47 10 00.115999716   10.97 12.08 10.50 10.6 ~ 700 1
160 NGC 7332 GiP 22 37 24.5373044952 +23 47 53.830708800   12.0       ~ 391 0
161 NGC 7578 BiC 23 17 13.5451937976 +18 42 29.351084940   15.0   12.93   ~ 76 1
162 NGC 7626 rG 23 20 42.524 +08 13 01.43   12.8       ~ 438 1
163 [GHC2009] D23H-1 G 23 31 59.5395591768 +00 17 14.595290952   20.67   19.30 18.83 ~ 27 0
164 NGC 7727 EmG 23 39 53.870 -12 17 34.84   11   10.55   ~ 183 0
165 NGC 7743 Sy2 23 44 21.1607807112 +09 56 02.970989664   14.19 13.28     ~ 334 0

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