2016MNRAS.462..610R

Query : 2016MNRAS.462..610R

2016MNRAS.462..610R - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 462, 610-635 (2016/October-2)

Rings and arcs around evolved stars - I. Fingerprints of the last gasps in the formation process of planetary nebulae.

RAMOS-LARIOS G., SANTAMARIA E., GUERRERO M.A., MARQUEZ-LUGO R.A., SABIN L. and TOALA J.A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Evolved stars such as asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB), post-AGB stars, proto-planetary nebulae (proto-PNe), and planetary nebulae (PNe) show rings and arcs around them and their nebular shells. We have searched for these morphological features in optical Hubble Space Telescope and mid-infrared Spitzer Space Telescope images of ∼650 proto-PNe and PNe and discovered them in 29 new sources. Adding those to previous detections, we derive a frequency of occurrence ≃8 per cent. All images have been processed to remove the underlying envelope emission and enhance outer faint structures to investigate the spacing between rings and arcs and their number. The averaged time lapse between consecutive rings and arcs is estimated to be in the range 500-1200 yr. The spacing between them is found to be basically constant for each source, suggesting that the mechanism responsible for the formation of these structures in the final stages of evolved stars is stable during time periods of the order of the total duration of the ejection. In our sample, this period of time spans <=4500 yr.

Abstract Copyright: © 2016 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): techniques: image processing - stars: AGB and post-AGB - planetary nebulae: general - infrared: ISM - infrared: ISM

CDS comments: Table 2: PN G356.5-02.3 is a probable misprint (not PN PM 1-76 but PN PM 1-27 in Simbad).

Simbad objects: 61

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Number of rows : 61
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 40 PN 00 13 01.0170097248 +72 31 19.033338720   11.63 11.46     [WC8] 632 2
2 IRC +10011 OH* 01 06 25.9879717848 +12 35 52.896392052   20.7   18.26 14.01 M8 436 0
3 V* R Scl C* 01 26 58.0939182720 -32 32 35.439234828 17.26 9.59 5.72 3.69 2.30 C-N5+ 354 0
4 NGC 1535 PN 04 14 15.7689913368 -12 44 21.932484324   12.01 12.82     sdO3: 518 1
5 RAFGL 618 pA* 04 42 53.6242032600 +36 06 53.400902220   16.32   12.59   C-rich 1027 0
6 IC 418 PN 05 27 28.2059533560 -12 41 50.282287764   9.405 9.010 10.118   O7fp 1059 2
7 HD 44179 pA* 06 19 58.2185496 -10 38 14.706068 9.51 9.33 9.02     B9Ib/II 800 0
8 NGC 2346 PN 07 09 22.5215800440 -00 48 23.610997332   11.76 11.58     A5V 592 0
9 WRAY 16-8 PN 07 47 20.0414144496 -51 15 03.432601872   11.9 12.80     Of(H) 119 0
10 IC 2448 PN 09 07 06.3191779848 -69 56 30.692677668   11.1 11.10     O(H)3III-V 237 0
11 IRC +10216 C* 09 47 57.40632 +13 16 43.5648           C9,5e 2455 0
12 V* RW LMi C* 10 16 02.2777043904 +30 34 19.045098516       15.27   C4,3e 411 0
13 MR 22 PN 10 21 33.85920 -58 05 47.6628           A2Ie 105 0
14 PN My 59 PN 10 23 09.1381004472 -60 32 42.103742784           O(H)7-9I 136 2
15 NGC 3242 PN 10 24 46.1335521792 -18 38 32.296857792   11.83 12.15     ~ 838 1
16 NGC 3918 PN 11 50 17.7709504944 -57 10 57.017302428   10.0 8.5     ~ 390 1
17 IC 3568 PN 12 33 06.8549162136 +82 33 50.202643608   11.809 10.730 12.651   ~ 407 0
18 WRAY 16-125 PN 13 09 36.2390615830 -61 19 35.976251345   14.508 13.517 13.568   B[e] 128 0
19 IC 4406 PN 14 22 26.1440976888 -44 09 02.185112988   11.5 10.90     ~ 294 1
20 NAME Proxima Centauri PM* 14 29 42.9461331854 -62 40 46.164680672 14.21 12.95 11.13 9.45 7.41 M5.5Ve 1483 0
21 NGC 5882 PN 15 16 49.9562553264 -45 38 58.616280132   11.9 10.9     ~ 281 1
22 HD 138403 PN 15 37 11.2073139768 -71 54 52.887104280   10.24 10.47 11.01   O8(f)ep 268 0
23 HD 141969 PN 15 56 01.6950076104 -66 09 09.231820920 12.37 10.75 10.95 10.88   BC0Ibe 228 0
24 WRAY 16-198 PN 15 59 57.6368189878 -55 55 33.002692934           [WC9] 142 1
25 PN Mz 3 PN 16 17 13.3915382496 -51 59 10.711893480   10.8 14.00     O9.5 359 0
26 NGC 6153 PN 16 31 30.5708444544 -40 15 12.646208700   10.7 15.55     ~ 320 0
27 [W71b] 128-04 C* 16 58 06.2889200808 -42 19 23.835657828   16.4 14.4     C 23 0
28 SS 293 pA* 17 03 10.0705512504 -47 00 27.731886516           Ae 93 0
29 PN M 3-36 PN 17 12 39.1651407264 -25 43 37.502399244     14.70     ~ 66 0
30 IRAS 17106-3046 pA* 17 13 51.7976155656 -30 49 40.722991968       15.070   F5I 34 0
31 NGC 6309 PN 17 14 04.3074600360 -12 54 37.893271860   11.6       O(He) 320 1
32 RAFGL 6815S pA* 17 18 19.8040606320 -32 27 21.547417932           G2I 153 0
33 HD 161796 pA* 17 44 55.4694563472 +50 02 39.482823336 8.00 7.68 7.21 6.77 6.51 F3Ib 335 0
34 RAFGL 5385 pA* 17 47 13.48944 -24 12 51.4404           F4I 79 0
35 IRAS 17440-3310 pA* 17 47 22.7263890408 -33 11 09.263318352       14.483   F3I 13 0
36 PN Hb 5 PN 17 47 56.20 -29 59 39.6   10.50 10.78     ~ 274 0
37 PN Vy 1-2 PN 17 54 22.98 +27 59 58.1           ~ 118 0
38 NGC 6543 PN 17 58 33.4039587288 +66 37 58.750734000   11.09 11.28     [WC] 1197 2
39 NGC 6572 PN 18 12 06.3181909152 +06 51 13.027935240   9.3 10.8     [WC] 761 0
40 OH 027.5-00.9 s*r 18 44 41.6544370728 -05 09 17.031708936       15.77 12.69 M1I 41 0
41 M 57 PN 18 53 35.0967659112 +33 01 44.883287544   15.405 15.769 15.901 16.062 DA(O?) 868 2
42 OH 035.2-02.6 pA* 19 05 02.0381133528 +00 48 50.467761000         14.36 G0-5 48 0
43 PN M 2-47 PN 19 13 34.5440854320 +04 38 04.013922588           O3-6 63 0
44 HD 179821 pA* 19 13 58.6082398776 +00 07 31.935181836 10.81 9.694 8.19     G4_0-Ia 247 0
45 PN Vy 2-2 PN 19 24 22.2390166933 +09 53 56.259102426   14.02 12.65 13.38   O-rich 274 0
46 HD 184738 PN 19 34 45.2337620448 +30 30 58.950651240   10.41 10.44     [WC9] 976 0
47 HD 331319 pA* 19 49 29.5618298904 +31 27 16.248771432 10.4 9.91 9.32 9.24   F3Ibe 99 0
48 M 27 PN 19 59 36.3631850088 +22 43 16.312059552   13.749 14.089 14.247 14.405 DAO.6 605 0
49 IRAS 20028+3910 pA* 20 04 35.9834860344 +39 18 44.208893700           F3-7I 65 0
50 NGC 6881 PN 20 10 52.45 +37 24 42.4           ~ 213 0
51 V* V1610 Cyg pA* 21 02 18.27 +36 41 37.0           F5Iae 892 1
52 NGC 7009 PN 21 04 10.8155187648 -11 21 48.580157556   12.48 12.07     ~ 1020 1
53 NGC 7026 PN 21 06 18.5723414928 +47 51 06.774735780   15.33 15.1     [WC3] 427 1
54 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2541 1
55 IC 5117 PN 21 32 30.96912 +44 35 47.5404           ~ 310 1
56 V* V448 Lac pA* 22 24 31.4283564864 +43 43 10.978781916 11.22 10.61 9.69     F7I 115 0
57 HD 235858 pA* 22 29 10.3748806056 +54 51 06.344572284   11.40 9.52 8.47 7.34 G5Ia 264 0
58 NGC 7354 PN 22 40 19.8733664208 +61 17 08.746685772           ~ 286 1
59 RAFGL 3068 C* 23 19 12.60744 +17 11 33.1332           C 288 1
60 NGC 7662 PN 23 25 53.8318792825 +42 32 05.835828380       11.427   ~ 940 1
61 PN Hb 12 PN 23 26 14.8236376464 +58 10 54.543292356   13.51 11.49 12.44   Oe 338 0

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