2017A&A...602A..94G

Query : 2017A&A...602A..94G

2017A&A...602A..94G - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 602A94-94 (2017/6-1)

First light for GRAVITY: Phase referencing optical interferometry for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer.

GRAVITY COLLABORATION, ABUTER R., ACCARDO M., AMORIM A., ANUGU N., AVILA G., AZOUAOUI N., BENISTY M., BERGER J.P., BLIND N., BONNET H., BOURGET P., BRANDNER W., BRAST R., BURON A., BURTSCHER L., CASSAING F., CHAPRON F., CHOQUET E., CLENET Y., COLLIN C., COUDE DU FORESTO V., DE WIT W., DE ZEEUW P.T., DEEN C., DELPLANCKE-STROBELE F., DEMBET R., DERIE F., DEXTER J., DUVERT G., EBERT M., ECKART A., EISENHAUER F., ESSELBORN M., FEDOU P., FINGER G., GARCIA P., GARCIA DABO C.E., GARCIA LOPEZ R., GENDRON E., GENZEL R., GILLESSEN S., GONTE F., GORDO P., GROULD M., GROZINGER U., GUIEU S., HAGUENAUER P., HANS O., HAUBOIS X., HAUG M., HAUSSMANN F., HENNING T., HIPPLER S., HORROBIN M., HUBER A., HUBERT Z., HUBIN N., HUMMEL C.A., JAKOB G., JANSSEN A., JOCHUM L., JOCOU L., KAUFER A., KELLNER S., KENDREW S., KERN L., KERVELLA P., KIEKEBUSCH M., KLEIN R., KOK Y., KOLB J., KULAS M., LACOUR S., LAPEYRERE V., LAZAREFF B., LE BOUQUIN J.-B., LENA P., LENZEN R., LEVEQUE S., LIPPA M., MAGNARD Y., MEHRGAN L., MELLEIN M., MERAND A., MORENO-VENTAS J., MOULIN T., MULLER E., MULLER F., NEUMANN U., OBERTI S., OTT T., PALLANCA L., PANDURO J., PASQUINI L., PAUMARD T., PERCHERON I., PERRAUT K., PERRIN G., PFLUGER A., PFUHL O., PHAN DUC T., PLEWA P.M., POPOVIC D., RABIEN S., RAMIREZ A., RAMOS J., RAU C., RIQUELME M., ROHLOFF R.-R., ROUSSET G., SANCHEZ-BERMUDEZ J., SCHEITHAUER S., SCHOLLER M., SCHUHLER N., SPYROMILIO J., STRAUBMEIER C., STURM E., SUAREZ M., TRISTRAM K.R.W., VENTURA N., VINCENT F., WAISBERG I., WANK I., WEBER J., WIEPRECHT E., WIEST M., WIEZORREK E., WITTKOWSKI M., WOILLEZ J., WOLFF B., YAZICI S., ZIEGLER D. and ZINS G.

Abstract (from CDS):

GRAVITY is a new instrument to coherently combine the light of the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope Interferometer to form a telescope with an equivalent 130 m diameter angular resolution and a collecting area of 200 m2. The instrument comprises fiber fed integrated optics beam combination, high resolution spectroscopy, built-in beam analysis and control, near-infrared wavefront sensing, phase-tracking, dual-beam operation, and laser metrology. GRAVITY opens up to optical/infrared interferometry the techniques of phase referenced imaging and narrow angle astrometry, in many aspects following the concepts of radio interferometry. This article gives an overview of GRAVITY and reports on the performance and the first astronomical observations during commissioning in 2015/16. We demonstrate phase-tracking on stars as faint as mK~=10mag, phase-referenced interferometry of objects fainter than mK~=15mag with a limiting magnitude of mK~=17mag, minute long coherent integrations, a visibility accuracy of better than 0.25%, and spectro-differential phase and closure phase accuracy better than 0.5°, corresponding to a differential astrometric precision of better than ten microarcseconds (µas). The dual-beam astrometry, measuring the phase difference of two objects with laser metrology, is still under commissioning. First observations show residuals as low as 50µas when following objects over several months. We illustrate the instrument performance with the observations of archetypical objects for the different instrument modes. Examples include the Galactic center supermassive black hole and its fast orbiting star S2 for phase referenced dual-beam observations and infrared wavefront sensing, the high mass X-ray binary BP Cru and the active galactic nucleus of PDS 456 for a few µas spectro-differential astrometry, the T Tauri star S CrA for a spectro-differential visibility analysis, ξ Tel and 24 Cap for high accuracy visibility observations, and η Car for interferometric imaging with GRAVITY.

Abstract Copyright: © ESO, 2017

Journal keyword(s): instrumentation: interferometers - instrumentation: adaptive optics - Galaxy: center - quasars: emission lines - binaries: symbiotic - stars: pre-main sequence - stars: pre-main sequence

Simbad objects: 22

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Number of rows : 22
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 G 272-61A PM* 01 39 01.3772561114 -17 57 02.587471791           M5.5V 143 0
2 G 272-61 ** 01 39 01.452936 -17 57 02.04516   13.93 12.08 11.782 8.93 M5.5V+M6V 78 0
3 G 272-61B PM* 01 39 01.6377185550 -17 57 01.001240728           M6V 892 0
4 * alf Ori s*r 05 55 10.30536 +07 24 25.4304 4.38 2.27 0.42 -1.17 -2.45 M1-M2Ia-Iab 1789 0
5 V* BP Cru HXB 12 26 37.5605188992 -62 46 13.261044684   12.482 10.803 10.304   B1Ia+ 731 0
6 3C 273 BLL 12 29 06.6998257176 +02 03 08.597629980   13.05 14.830 14.11   ~ 6022 1
7 * alf Boo RG* 14 15 39.67207 +19 10 56.6730 2.46 1.18 -0.05 -1.03 -1.68 K1.5IIIFe-0.5 2417 1
8 QSO B1725-142 QSO 17 28 19.7893499760 -14 15 55.854918288   14.69 14.03 13.7   ~ 362 0
9 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
10 GCIRS 7 LP* 17 45 39.987 -29 00 22.24           M2 388 0
11 NAME Sgr A* X 17 45 40.03599 -29 00 28.1699           ~ 4970 3
12 [EG97] S2 * 17 45 40.0442 -29 00 27.975           B0/2V 420 1
13 GCIRS 16C WR* 17 45 40.12 -29 00 27.6           Ofpe/WN9 197 1
14 GCIRS 16NE WR* 17 45 40.26 -29 00 27.2           Ofpe/WN9 156 0
15 V* S CrA Or* 19 01 08.597088 -36 57 19.89504   11.76 10.91 11.41   G0Ve+K0Ve 286 0
16 SS 433 HXB 19 11 49.5647697480 +04 58 57.827127648   16.854 14.643     A7Ib 2253 4
17 HD 184349 * 19 36 08.6959170336 -46 09 04.886772696   8.68 7.16     K4III 14 0
18 HD 188787 PM* 19 58 13.3552062456 -36 41 12.936195096   7.30 6.95     F2V 34 0
19 MCG+07-41-003 Bla 19 59 28.35656837 +40 44 02.0972325   16.22 15.10     ~ 2537 2
20 * ksi Tel V* 20 07 23.1574676136 -52 52 50.854022940 8.40 6.56 4.94     K5III 61 0
21 HD 196387 * 20 38 09.3124962312 -30 58 40.712367828   8.85 7.25     K4III 15 0
22 * 24 Cap PM* 21 07 07.6681598477 -25 00 21.069488053 8.04 6.11 4.50 3.22 2.24 M1-III 83 0

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