2018A&A...609A.106T

Aims. We study PTF11mnb, a He-poor supernova (SN) whose light curves resemble those of SN 2005bf, a peculiar double-peaked stripped-envelope (SE) SN, until the declining phase after the main peak. We investigate the mechanism powering its light curve and the nature of its progenitor star.
Methods. Optical photometry and spectroscopy of PTF11mnb are presented. We compared light curves, colors and spectral properties to those of SN 2005bf and normal SE SNe. We built a bolometric light curve and modeled this light curve with the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) hydrodynamical code explosion of a MESA progenitor star and semi-analytic models.
Results. The light curve of PTF11mnb turns out to be similar to that of SN 2005bf until ∼50d when the main (secondary) peaks occur at -18.5mag. The early peak occurs at ∼20d and is about 1.0mag fainter. After the main peak, the decline rate of PTF11mnb is remarkably slower than what was observed in SN 2005bf, and it traces well the ⁵⁶Co decay rate. The spectra of PTF11mnb reveal a SN Ic and have no traces of He unlike in the case of SN Ib 2005bf, although they have velocities comparable to those of SN 2005bf. The whole evolution of the bolometric light curve is well reproduced by the explosion of a massive (M_ej=7.8M_☉), He-poor star characterized by a double-peaked ⁵⁶Ni distribution, a total ⁵⁶Ni mass of 0.59M_☉, and an explosion energy of 2.2x10⁵¹erg. Alternatively, a normal SN Ib/c explosion (M(⁵⁶Ni)=0.11M_☉, E_K=0.2x10⁵¹erg, M_ej=1M_☉) can power the first peak while a magnetar, with a magnetic field characterized by B=5.0x10¹⁴G, and a rotation period of P=18.1ms, provides energy for the main peak. The early g-band light curve can be fit with a shock-breakout cooling tail or an extended envelope model from which a radius of at least 30R_☉ is obtained.
Conclusions. We presented a scenario where PTF11mnb was the explosion of a massive, He-poor star, characterized by a double-peaked ⁵⁶Ni distribution. In this case, the ejecta mass and the absence of He imply a large ZAMS mass (∼85M_☉) for the progenitor, which most likely was a Wolf-Rayet star, surrounded by an extended envelope formed either by a pre-SN eruption or due to a binary configuration. Alternatively, PTF11mnb could be powered by a SE SN with a less massive progenitor during the first peak and by a magnetar afterward.