2018ApJ...868...55M

Query : 2018ApJ...868...55M

2018ApJ...868...55M - Astrophys. J., 868, 55-55 (2018/November-3)

The large-scale structure of the halo of the Andromeda galaxy. II. Hierarchical structure in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey.

McCONNACHIE A.W., IBATA R., MARTIN N., FERGUSON A.M.N., COLLINS M., GWYN S., IRWIN M., LEWIS G.F., MACKEY A.D., DAVIDGE T., ARIAS V., CONN A., COTE P., CRNOJEVIC D., HUXOR A., PENARRUBIA J., SPENGLER C., TANVIR N., VALLS-GABAUD D., BABUL A., BARMBY P., BATE N.F., BERNARD E., CHAPMAN S., DOTTER A., HARRIS W., McMONIGAL B., NAVARRO J., PUZIA T.H., RICH R.M., THOMAS G. and WIDROW L.M.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey is a survey of >400 square degrees centered on the Andromeda (M31) and Triangulum (M33) galaxies that has provided the most extensive panorama of an L* galaxy group to large projected galactocentric radii. Here, we collate and summarize the current status of our knowledge of the substructures in the stellar halo of M31, and discuss connections between these features. We estimate that the 13 most distinctive substructures were produced by at least 5 different accretion events, all in the last 3 or 4 Gyr. We suggest that a few of the substructures farthest from M31 may be shells from a single accretion event. We calculate the luminosities of some prominent substructures for which previous estimates were not available, and we estimate the stellar mass budget of the outer halo of M31. We revisit the problem of quantifying the properties of a highly structured data set; specifically, we use the OPTICS clustering algorithm to quantify the hierarchical structure of M31's stellar halo and identify three new faint structures. M31's halo, in projection, appears to be dominated by two "mega-structures," which can be considered as the two most significant branches of a merger tree produced by breaking M31's stellar halo into increasingly smaller structures based on the stellar spatial clustering. We conclude that OPTICS is a powerful algorithm that could be used in any astronomical application involving the hierarchical clustering of points. The publication of this article coincides with the public release of all PAndAS data products.

Abstract Copyright: © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): catalogs - galaxies: general - galaxies: structure - Local Group

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/868/55): table2.dat>

CDS comments: Table 5: K1 & K2 Streams, NGC 147 stream and M33 stream are not in SIMBAD.

Simbad objects: 170

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 170
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Andromeda XVIII G 00 02 14.5 +45 05 20     16.0     ~ 129 0
2 PAndAS-3 GlC 00 03 56.410 +40 53 19.20           ~ 4 0
3 NAME PA-4 GlC 00 04 42.9232919640 +47 21 42.266802780           ~ 11 0
4 NAME PA-5 GlC 00 05 24.150 +43 55 35.70           ~ 6 0
5 NAME PA-6 GlC 00 06 11.950 +41 41 20.97           ~ 12 0
6 NAME Andromeda XX G 00 07 30.70 +35 07 56.4     18.2     ~ 77 0
7 NAME PA-7 GlC 00 10 51.350 +39 35 58.55           ~ 14 0
8 NAME PA-8 GlC 00 12 52.450 +38 17 47.86           ~ 14 0
9 NAME PA-9 GlC 00 12 54.6683793456 +45 05 55.794852888           ~ 10 0
10 NAME PA-10 GlC 00 13 38.660 +45 11 11.13           ~ 9 0
11 NAME M31 SW Cloud St* 00 13 49.77 +37 44 54.9           ~ 12 0
12 NAME PA-11 GlC 00 14 55.630 +44 37 16.35           ~ 10 0
13 NAME PA-12 GlC 00 17 40.080 +43 18 39.02           ~ 10 0
14 NAME PA-13 GlC 00 17 42.7190254224 +43 04 31.723352292           ~ 8 0
15 And XIX G 00 19 32.10 +35 02 37.1     15.6     ~ 168 0
16 IC 10 rG 00 20 17.33520 +59 18 13.6480   13.6 9.5     ~ 1185 1
17 NAME PA-14 GlC 00 20 33.8910473568 +36 39 34.432123392           ~ 13 0
18 NAME PA-15 GlC 00 22 44.070 +41 56 14.16           ~ 8 0
19 NAME Andromeda XXVI G 00 23 45.6 +47 54 58     17.3     ~ 76 0
20 NAME PA-16 GlC 00 24 59.920 +39 42 13.11           ~ 7 0
21 [HTF2008] HEC1 GlC 00 25 33.96 +40 43 39.4     18.44   17.95 ~ 12 0
22 NAME Cetus Dwarf Galaxy G 00 26 10.8 -11 03 14     13.2     ~ 257 0
23 NAME Mackey-GC1 GlC 00 26 47.7578536272 +39 44 46.082343084     16.05   15.07 ~ 21 1
24 NAME PA-17 GlC 00 26 52.2026124624 +38 44 58.106513112           ~ 14 0
25 [HTF2008] H2 GlC 00 28 03.2413107384 +40 02 55.554275688     17.58   16.64 ~ 12 0
26 NAME PA-18 GlC 00 28 23.260 +39 55 04.86           ~ 8 0
27 [HTF2008] HEC2 GlC 00 28 31.62 +37 31 23.8     19.17   18.10 ~ 11 0
28 [HTF2008] H3 GlC 00 29 30.15 +41 50 32.1     18.13   16.97 ~ 10 0
29 [HTF2008] H4 GlC 00 29 44.9901743184 +41 13 09.392400264     16.98   16.04 ~ 19 0
30 NAME Andromeda XXV G 00 30 08.9 +46 51 07     14.8     ~ 120 0
31 NAME PA-19 GlC 00 30 12.220 +39 50 59.27           ~ 6 0
32 2MASX J00302731+4136193 GlC 00 30 27.3168237696 +41 36 18.963573372     16.31   15.36 ~ 22 0
33 Bol 514 GlC 00 31 09.83 +37 54 00.0     16.28   14.68 ~ 43 0
34 PAndAS-20 GlC 00 31 23.740 +41 59 20.12           ~ 3 0
35 NAME PA-21 GlC 00 31 27.5221700304 +39 32 21.873211836           ~ 9 0
36 [HTF2008] H7 GlC 00 31 54.5597494320 +40 06 47.747632968     18.10   17.01 ~ 15 0
37 NAME PA-22 GlC 00 32 08.360 +40 37 31.62           ~ 7 0
38 [SD2009] GC7 GlC 00 32 22.20 +48 31 27.5     17.4 16.6   ~ 7 0
39 [SD2009] GC5 GlC 00 32 23.40 +48 25 44.7     18.8 18.0   ~ 2 0
40 [VFH2013] PA-N147-1 GlC 00 32 35.30 +48 19 48.0           ~ 7 0
41 NAME Mayall II GlC 00 32 46.5323801712 +39 34 40.504803060   14.564 13.807 13.208 12.684 ~ 400 1
42 [SD2009] GC10 GlC 00 32 48.60 +48 32 12.4     20.5 19.7   ~ 2 0
43 NGC 147 GiG 00 33 12.120 +48 30 31.46   12.0 9.5     ~ 720 1
44 [H76b] 1 GlC 00 33 12.20 +48 30 32.3   18.46 17.66     ~ 5 0
45 [H76b] 2 GlC 00 33 13.60 +48 28 48.7     18.38     ~ 7 0
46 NAME PA-23 GlC 00 33 14.130 +39 35 15.93           ~ 6 0
47 [H76b] 4 GlC 00 33 15.00 +48 32 09.6     21.10     ~ 3 0
48 [H76b] 3 GlC 00 33 15.20 +48 27 23.1   17.62 16.98     ~ 10 0
49 NAME Mayall III GlC 00 33 33.7890475296 +39 31 18.763470120 16.750 16.482 15.807 15.325   ~ 55 0
50 [VFH2013] PA-N147-2 GlC 00 33 43.30 +48 38 45.0           ~ 6 0
51 PAndAS-24 GlC 00 33 50.570 +38 38 28.04           ~ 2 0
52 PAndAS-25 GlC 00 34 06.150 +43 15 06.65           ~ 3 0
53 [VFH2013] PA-N147-3 GlC 00 34 10.00 +49 02 39.0           ~ 3 0
54 [HTF2008] H8 GlC 00 34 15.41 +39 52 52.4     19.62   18.38 ~ 10 0
55 [HTF2008] H9 GlC 00 34 17.2594656072 +37 30 42.840867456     17.62   16.68 ~ 11 0
56 PAndAS-26 GlC 00 34 45.080 +38 26 38.05           ~ 3 0
57 NAME PA-27 GlC 00 35 13.5215631960 +45 10 37.963580412           ~ 5 0
58 NAME G1 Clump As* 00 35 28.0 +39 36 19           ~ 31 1
59 NAME Andromeda III G 00 35 33.8 +36 29 52     14.4     ~ 309 0
60 NAME Cassiopeia III G 00 35 59.4 +51 33 35           ~ 59 0
61 LEDA 2068390 GlC 00 35 59.7358005048 +35 41 03.597283752     16.09   15.01 ~ 31 0
62 [DZ2015] 5 GlC 00 36 08.6011314552 +39 17 29.871660192           ~ 10 0
63 [HTF2008] HEC3 GlC 00 36 31.72 +44 44 16.7     19.62   18.52 ~ 12 0
64 NAME Andromeda XXX G 00 36 34.90 +49 38 48.0           ~ 59 0
65 NAME Andromeda XVII G 00 37 07.0 +44 19 20     15.8     ~ 101 0
66 NAME Andromeda XXVII G 00 37 27.1 +45 23 13     16.7     ~ 82 0
67 [HTF2008] H11 GlC 00 37 28.12 +44 11 25.0     16.88   15.92 ~ 12 0
68 [HTF2008] H12 GlC 00 38 03.8564686464 +37 44 00.178968624     16.47   15.50 ~ 13 0
69 NAME PA-N185 GlC 00 38 18.80 +48 22 04.0           ~ 3 0
70 PAndAS-30 GlC 00 38 29.010 +37 58 39.21           ~ 2 0
71 [HTF2008] HEC6 GlC 00 38 35.60 +44 16 49.0     18.99   17.94 ~ 11 0
72 FJJ NGC 185 I GlC 00 38 42.70 +48 18 40.4 19.4 19.2 18.4     ~ 9 0
73 FJJ NGC 185 II GlC 00 38 48.1 +48 18 15     19.7     ~ 9 0
74 NGC 185 Sy2 00 38 57.9400026024 +48 20 15.035874648   9.10 9.2     ~ 840 1
75 FJJ NGC 185 III GlC 00 39 03.80 +48 19 57.5 17.8 17.7 16.8     ~ 10 0
76 FJJ NGC 185 IV GlC 00 39 12.20 +48 22 48.2 19.75 19.7 19.0     ~ 10 0
77 FJJ NGC 185 V GlC 00 39 13.40 +48 23 04.9   17.4 16.7     ~ 10 0
78 FJJ NGC 185 VII GlC 00 39 18.40 +48 23 03.6   19.9 18.9     ~ 8 0
79 FJJ NGC 185 VIII GlC 00 39 23.70 +48 18 45.1           ~ 7 0
80 [HTF2008] H15 GlC 00 40 13.21 +35 52 37.0     17.99   17.15 ~ 11 0
81 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1370 1
82 PAndAS-33 GlC 00 40 57.350 +38 38 10.24           ~ 4 0
83 [HTF2008] H17 GlC 00 42 23.6856988584 +37 14 34.700705376     17.37   16.40 ~ 13 0
84 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2236 2
85 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
86 NAME M31-EC2 GlC 00 42 55.00 +43 57 28.0     17.10   16.17 ~ 19 0
87 [HTF2008] H18 GlC 00 43 36.0688825344 +44 58 59.277447336     16.64   15.64 ~ 12 0
88 [HTF2008] H19 GlC 00 44 14.9048989608 +38 25 42.154955976     17.35   16.34 ~ 13 0
89 NAME PA-36 GlC 00 44 45.5687857920 +43 26 34.789744140           ~ 9 0
90 NAME Andromeda I G 00 45 39.8 +38 02 28   13.9 12.7     ~ 355 0
91 NAME AndI-GC1 GlC 00 45 42.9 +38 01 54           ~ 2 0
92 NAME Andromeda XI G 00 46 20.0 +33 48 05     17.5     ~ 130 0
93 NAME Andromeda XII G 00 47 27.0 +34 22 29     18.3     ~ 124 0
94 BA 3-30 * 00 47 50.2153648368 +43 09 16.471012140 18.430 18.001 17.192 16.771 16.16 ~ 29 0
95 NAME PA-37 GlC 00 48 26.5315169520 +37 55 41.996278344           ~ 8 0
96 [HTF2008] H22 GlC 00 49 44.6595244968 +38 18 37.670847948     17.03   16.04 ~ 11 0
97 PAndAS-38 GlC 00 49 45.670 +47 54 33.12           ~ 3 0
98 Bol 520 GlC 00 50 42.4580241563 +32 54 58.623459583     15.50     ~ 53 1
99 NAME Andromeda XIV G 00 51 35.0 +29 41 49     15.9     ~ 132 0
100 NAME Andromeda XIII G 00 51 51.0 +33 00 16     18.1     ~ 128 0
101 NAME And NE reg 00 52.0 +44 06           ~ 19 1
102 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
103 NAME Andromeda IX G 00 52 53.0 +43 11 45     16.3     ~ 176 1
104 NAME PA-41 GlC 00 53 39.6 +42 35 15           ~ 9 0
105 [HTF2008] H23 GlC 00 54 24.9623336064 +39 42 55.529539920     16.72   15.68 ~ 24 0
106 [HTF2008] HEC10 GlC 00 54 36.36 +44 58 43.9     18.77   17.77 ~ 13 0
107 [HTF2008] HEC11 GlC 00 55 17.28 +38 51 02.9     17.69   16.69 ~ 15 0
108 [HTF2008] H24 GlC 00 55 43.94 +42 46 16.1     17.78   16.71 ~ 22 0
109 NAME PA-42 GlC 00 56 38.040 +39 40 25.93           ~ 4 0
110 NAME PA-43 GlC 00 56 38.7347737104 +42 27 17.804344536           ~ 5 0
111 NAME PA-44 GlC 00 57 55.8931620312 +41 42 56.969320896           ~ 6 0
112 NAME M31-EC4 GlC 00 58 15.42 +38 03 02.0     18.84   17.77 ~ 27 0
113 [HTF2008] HEC13 GlC 00 58 16.93 +37 13 50.9     19.60   18.79 ~ 12 0
114 NAME PA-45 GlC 00 58 37.960 +41 57 11.48           ~ 7 0
115 NAME PA-46 GlC 00 58 56.3882151768 +42 27 38.212495560           ~ 11 0
116 NAME PA-47 GlC 00 59 04.780 +42 22 35.06           ~ 5 0
117 [HTF2008] H26 GlC 00 59 27.480 +37 41 31.37     16.96   15.98 ~ 11 0
118 NAME PA-48 GlC 00 59 28.260 +31 29 10.64           ~ 9 0
119 NAME Pisces V G 00 59 29.8 +32 22 36     14.4     ~ 149 0
120 [HTF2008] H25 GlC 00 59 34.54 +44 05 38.8     17.29   15.82 ~ 12 0
121 Bol 517 GlC 00 59 59.9204410440 +41 54 06.341494140     16.08     ~ 14 0
122 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
123 NAME PA-49 GlC 01 00 50.070 +42 18 13.25           ~ 5 0
124 NAME PA-50 GlC 01 01 50.660 +48 18 19.22           ~ 7 0
125 NAME PA-51 GlC 01 02 06.5980847304 +42 48 06.599947392           ~ 5 0
126 NAME Pisces I G 01 03 55.0 +21 53 06   16.18 14.3     ~ 404 0
127 NAME Andromeda X G 01 06 33.70 +44 48 15.8     16.6     ~ 125 1
128 [HTF2008] H27 GlC 01 07 26.30 +35 46 46.5     16.50   15.59 ~ 27 0
129 NAME Andromeda V G 01 10 17.1 +47 37 41     15.3     ~ 215 0
130 NAME PA-52 GlC 01 12 47.0085879864 +42 25 24.737438460           ~ 8 0
131 NAME Andromeda XV G 01 14 18.7 +38 07 03     14.6     ~ 123 0
132 NAME Andromeda II G 01 16 29.8 +33 25 09     11.7     ~ 402 0
133 NAME PA-53 GlC 01 17 58.4084912688 +39 14 53.135421576           ~ 9 0
134 NAME PA-54 GlC 01 18 00.1490398992 +39 16 59.803727628           ~ 9 0
135 NAME Andromeda XXIV G 01 18 30.0 +46 21 58     16.3     ~ 64 0
136 NAME PA-56 GlC 01 23 03.5276536632 +41 55 10.952416920           ~ 15 0
137 NAME Andromeda XXII G 01 27 40.0 +28 05 25     18.0     ~ 95 0
138 NAME PA-57 GlC 01 27 47.6 +40 40 48           ~ 9 0
139 [DZ2014] G GlC 01 28 49.148 +47 04 21.98           ~ 5 0
140 NAME PA-58 GlC 01 29 02.2 +40 47 00           ~ 9 0
141 NAME Andromeda XXIII G 01 29 21.8 +38 43 08     14.2     ~ 88 0
142 NAME M33-EC1 Cl* 01 32 58.50 +29 52 03.0           ~ 12 0
143 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
144 [HFB2009] HM33-D GlC 01 35 02.20 +31 14 21.3           ~ 5 0
145 [HFB2009] HM33-E GlC 01 35 22.72 +32 04 32.1           ~ 3 0
146 NAME M33-EC2 GlC 01 35 41.73 +28 49 15.1           ~ 5 0
147 [HFB2009] HM33-B GlC 01 36 02.08 +29 57 49.4           ~ 8 0
148 [HFB2009] HM33-C GlC 01 37 14.46 +31 04 27.6           ~ 4 0
149 NAME Andromeda XXXIII G 03 01 23.6 +40 59 18           ~ 43 0
150 NAME Eridanus II G 03 44 21.1 -43 32 00           ~ 216 0
151 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
152 Z 264-88 AG? 09 16 02.0195908968 +52 50 42.051257412   14.0 13.2     ~ 141 0
153 Z 153-10 G 09 59 26.46 +30 44 47.0 14.08 13.54 13.26 13.33   ~ 652 0
154 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1284 1
155 NAME Centaurus A BLL 13 25 27.61521044 -43 01 08.8050291   8.18 6.84 6.66   ~ 4774 3
156 NAME Sgr dIG G 19 29 59.0 -17 40 41   15.5 13.6     ~ 323 1
157 NAME Andromeda XXVIII G 22 32 41.20 +31 12 58.2     15.6     ~ 88 0
158 NAME Lacerta I G 22 58 16.3 +41 17 28           ~ 53 0
159 NAME Andromeda VII GiG 23 26 31.0 +50 40 33   13.6 11.8     ~ 222 1
160 Z 431-72 G 23 28 35.2 +14 44 35 13.85 13.16 12.52     ~ 499 1
161 NAME Peg dSph GiG 23 51 46.3 +24 34 57   14.5 13.2     ~ 250 2
162 NAME Andromeda XXI G 23 54 47.7 +42 28 15     14.8     ~ 117 0
163 NAME PA-1 GlC 23 57 12.0181382112 +43 33 08.299110888           ~ 7 0
164 NAME PA-2 GlC 23 57 55.690 +41 46 49.25           ~ 8 0
165 NAME Andromeda XXIX G 23 58 55.6 +30 45 20     16.0     ~ 61 0
166 NAME M31 Stream C St* ~ ~           ~ 16 1
167 NAME M31 Stream A St* ~ ~           ~ 10 0
168 NAME Aquarius Region reg ~ ~           ~ 37 0
169 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0
170 NAME M31 Stream D St* ~ ~           ~ 14 0

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2018ApJ...868...55M and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu