2019A&A...625A.134R

Query : 2019A&A...625A.134R

2019A&A...625A.134R - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 625A134-134 (2019/5-1)

Herschel-HOBYS study of the earliest phases of high-mass star formation in NGC 6357.

RUSSEIL D., FIGUEIRA M., ZAVAGNO A., MOTTE F., SCHNEIDER N., MEN'SHCHIKOV A., BONTEMPS S., ANDRE P., ANDERSON L.D., BENEDETTINI M., DIDELON P., DI FRANCESCO J., ELIA D., KONYVES V., NGUYEN LUONG Q., NONY T., PEZZUTO S., RYGL K.L.J., SCHISANO E., SPINOGLIO L., TIGE J. and WHITE G.J.

Abstract (from CDS):


Aims. To constrain models of high-mass star formation it is important to identify the massive dense cores (MDCs) that are able to form high-mass star(s). This is one of the purposes of the Herschel/HOBYS key programme. Here, we carry out the census and characterise of the properties of the MDCs population of the NGC 6357 HII region.
Methods. Our study is based on the Herschel/PACS and SPIRE 70-500 µm images of NGC 6357 complemented with (sub-)millimetre and mid-infrared data. We followed the procedure established by the Herschel/HOBYS consortium to extract ∼0.1pc massive dense cores using the getsources software. We estimated their physical parameters (temperatures, masses, luminosities) from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting.
Results. We obtain a complete census of 23 massive dense cores, amongst which one is found to be IR-quiet and twelve are starless, representing very early stages of the star-formation process. Focussing on the starless MDCs, we have considered their evolutionary status, and suggest that only five of them are likely to form a high-mass star.
Conclusions. We find that, contrarily to the case in NGC 6334, the NGC 6357 region does not exhibit any ridge or hub features that are believed to be crucial to the massive star formation process. This study adds support for an empirical model in which massive dense cores and protostars simultaneously accrete mass from the surrounding filaments. In addition, the massive star formation in NGC 6357 seems to have stopped and the hottest stars in Pismis 24 have disrupted the filaments.

Abstract Copyright: © D. Russeil et al. 2019

Journal keyword(s): stars: massive - stars: formation

Nomenclature: Fig. D.1, Tables 4+C.2-C.4: HOBYS JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS N=23. Table C.1: [RFZ2019] NNN (Nos 1-155). Table C.1, col(MDC): [RFZ2019] MDC NN (Nos 1-23).

Simbad objects: 163

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Number of rows : 163
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Mon R2 HII 06 07 47.58 -06 22 42.6           ~ 789 2
2 NGC 6334 HII 17 20 53 -36 07.9           ~ 740 0
3 [RFZ2019] 109 cor 17 22 11.130 -34 16 57.65           ~ 1 0
4 [RFZ2019] 141 cor 17 22 11.610 -34 18 09.74           ~ 1 0
5 [RFZ2019] 134 cor 17 22 19.890 -34 01 53.62           ~ 1 0
6 [RFZ2019] 69 cor 17 22 22.600 -34 15 26.32           ~ 1 0
7 [RFZ2019] 145 cor 17 22 23.450 -34 14 09.65           ~ 1 0
8 [RFZ2019] 95 cor 17 22 40.920 -34 12 15.71           ~ 1 0
9 [RFZ2019] 129 cor 17 22 49.220 -34 10 23.77           ~ 1 0
10 [RFZ2019] 149 cor 17 23 00.390 -34 21 13.99           ~ 1 0
11 [RFZ2019] 151 cor 17 23 22.550 -34 10 46.54           ~ 1 0
12 [RFZ2019] 119 cor 17 23 25.280 -34 13 52.94           ~ 1 0
13 [RFZ2019] 112 cor 17 23 31.070 -34 08 29.53           ~ 1 0
14 [RFZ2019] 147 cor 17 23 32.630 -34 16 55.87           ~ 1 0
15 [RFZ2019] 102 cor 17 23 36.520 -34 02 39.95           ~ 1 0
16 AGAL G353.391+01.309 Y*O 17 23 40.730 -33 46 48.01           ~ 5 0
17 AGAL G353.021+01.051 Y*O 17 23 41.9 -34 14 00           ~ 7 0
18 [RFZ2019] 142 cor 17 23 50.520 -33 57 34.90           ~ 1 0
19 AGAL G353.114+01.081 cor 17 23 50.7 -34 08 14           ~ 6 0
20 HOBYS J172350.7-340726 cor 17 23 51.3 -34 07 22           ~ 2 0
21 AGAL G353.286+01.189 Y*O 17 23 52.030 -33 56 03.87           ~ 5 0
22 AGAL G353.161+01.084 Y*O 17 23 57.1 -34 05 48           ~ 6 0
23 [RFZ2019] 22 cor 17 23 57.590 -33 57 19.44           ~ 1 0
24 AGAL G353.019+00.976 Y*O 17 24 00.0 -34 16 37           ~ 14 0
25 AGAL G352.972+00.924 cor 17 24 04.1 -34 20 39           ~ 16 0
26 [RFZ2019] 23 cor 17 24 05.960 -34 12 44.97           ~ 1 0
27 AGAL G353.089+00.996 Y*O 17 24 06.250 -34 12 20.70           ~ 10 0
28 [BGM2021] 35 cor 17 24 09.1 -34 12 14           ~ 2 0
29 [RFZ2019] 133 cor 17 24 09.240 -34 02 48.57           ~ 1 0
30 AGAL G353.236+01.081 Y*O 17 24 10.380 -34 02 16.50           ~ 5 0
31 [RFZ2019] 124 cor 17 24 11.250 -33 53 11.55           ~ 1 0
32 AGAL G353.001+00.909 Y*O 17 24 12.5 -34 19 44           ~ 6 0
33 AGAL G353.091+00.971 Y*O 17 24 12.6 -34 13 11           ~ 11 0
34 AGAL G353.222+01.052 Y*O 17 24 14.5 -34 03 53           ~ 6 0
35 AGAL G353.009+00.894 Y*O 17 24 17.6 -34 19 47           ~ 6 0
36 [BGM2021] 53 cor 17 24 18.2 -34 20 16           ~ 2 0
37 [RFZ2019] 122 cor 17 24 21.560 -34 12 13.91           ~ 1 0
38 AGAL G353.121+00.952 Y*O 17 24 22.0 -34 12 18           ~ 8 0
39 [BGM2021] 105 cor 17 24 22.3 -34 05 32           ~ 2 0
40 [RFZ2019] 100 cor 17 24 22.990 -33 47 49.59           ~ 1 0
41 AGAL G353.149+00.961 Y*O 17 24 24.500 -34 10 41.31           ~ 10 0
42 AGAL G353.004+00.849 Y*O 17 24 27.960 -34 21 36.16           ~ 7 0
43 [RFZ2019] 152 cor 17 24 30.000 -34 07 57.51           ~ 1 0
44 [RFZ2019] 90 cor 17 24 34.000 -33 46 40.66           ~ 1 0
45 [RFZ2019] 18 cor 17 24 36.530 -34 53 18.05           ~ 1 0
46 [RFZ2019] 52 cor 17 24 37.410 -33 56 55.45           ~ 1 0
47 [RFZ2019] 44 cor 17 24 37.840 -34 22 19.47           ~ 1 0
48 [RFZ2019] 29 cor 17 24 38.720 -34 20 11.50           ~ 1 0
49 AGAL G353.004+00.801 Y*O 17 24 39.5 -34 23 13           ~ 8 0
50 HOBYS J172439.6-340924 cor 17 24 39.640 -34 09 24.79           ~ 1 0
51 [BGM2021] 47 cor 17 24 40.6 -34 08 59           ~ 2 0
52 [RFZ2019] 35 cor 17 24 41.180 -34 22 18.72           ~ 1 0
53 [BGM2021] 19 cor 17 24 41.5 -34 09 19           ~ 2 0
54 AGAL G352.771+00.631 Y*O 17 24 41.980 -34 40 37.63           ~ 7 0
55 [RFZ2019] 80 cor 17 24 42.630 -34 10 00.02           ~ 1 0
56 [RFZ2019] 56 cor 17 24 42.690 -33 56 35.25           ~ 1 0
57 Cl Pismis 24 OpC 17 24 43.0 -34 12 23           ~ 130 0
58 NGC 6357 OpC 17 24 44 -34 12.2           ~ 303 0
59 HOBYS J172444.3-341031 cor 17 24 44.5 -34 10 34           ~ 2 0
60 AGAL G353.207+00.916 Y*O 17 24 45.2 -34 09 15           ~ 8 0
61 HOBYS J172446.2-341048 cor 17 24 46.3 -34 10 48           ~ 2 0
62 GAL 353.19+00.91 HII 17 24 48 -34 10.8           ~ 26 0
63 [RFZ2019] 37 cor 17 24 48.500 -34 14 10.26           ~ 1 0
64 [BGM2021] 31 cor 17 24 48.6 -34 14 39           ~ 2 0
65 AGAL G353.146+00.849 cor 17 24 50.7 -34 14 34           ~ 15 0
66 HOBYS J172451.0-341018 cor 17 24 51.1 -34 10 19           ~ 2 0
67 [RFZ2019] 54 cor 17 24 51.580 -34 10 31.14           ~ 1 0
68 [BGM2021] 20 cor 17 24 52.7 -34 10 29           ~ 2 0
69 [RFZ2019] 30 cor 17 24 58.410 -34 14 52.74           ~ 1 0
70 AGAL G353.164+00.826 Y*O 17 24 59.3 -34 14 24           ~ 11 0
71 [BGM2021] 5 cor 17 25 00.1 -34 12 49           ~ 2 0
72 [BGM2021] 56 cor 17 25 05.5 -34 09 16           ~ 2 0
73 [RFZ2019] 143 cor 17 25 07.580 -34 43 22.43           ~ 1 0
74 AGAL G353.199+00.812 Y*O 17 25 08.0 -34 13 11           ~ 8 0
75 AGAL G353.267+00.847 Y*O 17 25 10.860 -34 08 42.40           ~ 7 0
76 [BGM2021] 43 cor 17 25 10.9 -34 25 51           ~ 2 0
77 AGAL G353.277+00.851 Y*O 17 25 11.5 -34 07 56           ~ 11 0
78 AGAL G352.992+00.652 Y*O 17 25 13.150 -34 28 45.25           ~ 5 0
79 [BGM2021] 48 cor 17 25 13.8 -34 25 49           ~ 2 0
80 [BGM2021] 112 cor 17 25 14.2 -34 09 13           ~ 2 0
81 AGAL G353.259+00.824 Y*O 17 25 15.4 -34 09 46           ~ 8 0
82 HOBYS J172516.5-342446 cor 17 25 16.7 -34 24 45           ~ 2 0
83 HOBYS J172519.7-342427 cor 17 25 19.7 -34 24 27           ~ 2 0
84 [BGM2021] 11 cor 17 25 21.5 -34 24 09           ~ 2 0
85 [BGM2021] 9 cor 17 25 23.0 -34 24 30           ~ 2 0
86 AGAL G353.094+00.671 Y*O 17 25 25.2 -34 23 07           ~ 7 0
87 [RFZ2019] 2 cor 17 25 26.520 -34 38 12.28           ~ 1 0
88 NAME AH03 J1725-34.4 OpC 17 25 32.0 -34 24 20           ~ 15 0
89 [RFZ2019] 131 cor 17 25 32.570 -33 40 35.80           ~ 1 0
90 [RFZ2019] 150 cor 17 25 34.950 -34 38 17.70           ~ 1 0
91 AGAL G353.146+00.661 cor 17 25 35.880 -34 20 51.06           ~ 12 0
92 [RFZ2019] 38 cor 17 25 37.800 -34 28 33.00           ~ 1 0
93 AGAL G353.012+00.557 Y*O 17 25 38.830 -34 30 58.89           ~ 12 0
94 AGAL G353.044+00.579 Y*O 17 25 39.320 -34 28 39.25           ~ 12 0
95 [RFZ2019] 88 cor 17 25 39.630 -34 29 32.81           ~ 1 0
96 AGAL G353.074+00.596 Y*O 17 25 39.750 -34 26 33.77           ~ 5 0
97 AGAL G353.032+00.566 Y*O 17 25 40.400 -34 29 47.88           ~ 15 0
98 [RFZ2019] 126 cor 17 25 40.620 -33 48 54.16           ~ 1 0
99 [BGM2021] 40 cor 17 25 41.9 -34 24 59           ~ 2 0
100 AGAL G353.142+00.631 Y*O 17 25 42.4 -34 22 08           ~ 9 0
101 [RFZ2019] 114 cor 17 25 44.190 -34 28 43.99           ~ 1 0
102 AGAL G353.127+00.614 Y*O 17 25 44.4 -34 23 24           ~ 9 0
103 HOBYS J172548.0-342852 cor 17 25 48.000 -34 28 52.78           ~ 1 0
104 AGAL G353.169+00.619 Y*O 17 25 49.5 -34 21 12           ~ 8 0
105 [RFZ2019] 75 cor 17 25 49.850 -33 43 46.68           ~ 1 0
106 [RFZ2019] 16 cor 17 25 50.390 -33 43 28.43           ~ 1 0
107 [BGM2021] 55 cor 17 25 51.9 -34 20 31           ~ 2 0
108 [BGM2021] 104 cor 17 25 52.1 -34 22 07           ~ 2 0
109 AGAL G353.224+00.646 Y*O 17 25 52.4 -34 17 32           ~ 8 0
110 AGAL G353.356+00.714 Y*O 17 25 57.700 -34 08 30.08           ~ 5 0
111 [RFZ2019] 138 cor 17 26 00.480 -34 14 01.70           ~ 1 0
112 [RFZ2019] 128 cor 17 26 00.500 -34 14 29.07           ~ 1 0
113 HOBYS J172601.1-342955 cor 17 26 01.100 -34 29 55.60           ~ 1 0
114 [RFZ2019] 3 cor 17 26 01.610 -34 15 14.72           ~ 1 0
115 AGAL G353.309+00.661 Y*O 17 26 02.630 -34 12 43.36           ~ 8 0
116 [RFZ2019] 87 cor 17 26 03.280 -33 35 24.75           ~ 1 0
117 AGAL G353.262+00.626 Y*O 17 26 03.3 -34 16 21           ~ 10 0
118 AGAL G353.321+00.666 Y*O 17 26 03.630 -34 11 54.61           ~ 7 0
119 [RFZ2019] 121 cor 17 26 04.100 -33 34 48.13           ~ 1 0
120 [RFZ2019] 125 cor 17 26 06.430 -34 30 47.42           ~ 1 0
121 BGPS G353.069+00.478 cor 17 26 07.910 -34 30 55.11           ~ 3 0
122 [RFZ2019] 82 cor 17 26 07.920 -34 16 25.74           ~ 1 0
123 [RFZ2019] 83 cor 17 26 09.550 -33 50 09.47           ~ 1 0
124 AGAL G353.266+00.599 Y*O 17 26 10.2 -34 17 05           ~ 8 0
125 AGAL G353.066+00.452 Y*O 17 26 13.330 -34 31 53.52           ~ 26 0
126 AGAL G352.964+00.382 Y*O 17 26 13.510 -34 39 16.98           ~ 10 0
127 AGAL G353.089+00.444 Y*O 17 26 18.960 -34 30 55.73           ~ 16 0
128 AGAL G353.084+00.436 Y*O 17 26 20.320 -34 31 28.85           ~ 11 0
129 AGAL G352.967+00.354 Y*O 17 26 21.480 -34 40 07.53           ~ 11 0
130 AGAL G352.872+00.289 Y*O 17 26 21.500 -34 47 02.20           ~ 10 0
131 AGAL G353.079+00.421 Y*O 17 26 23.140 -34 32 23.30           ~ 16 0
132 [RFZ2019] 108 cor 17 26 23.750 -34 16 39.14           ~ 1 0
133 [RFZ2019] 101 cor 17 26 24.790 -33 46 40.06           ~ 1 0
134 AGAL G353.169+00.451 Y*O 17 26 30.070 -34 26 48.85           ~ 7 0
135 HOBYS J172631.1-340236 cor 17 26 31.150 -34 02 36.54           ~ 1 0
136 [RFZ2019] 60 cor 17 26 31.600 -34 03 19.26           ~ 1 0
137 HOBYS J172635.6-340230 cor 17 26 35.680 -34 02 30.47           ~ 1 0
138 AGAL G353.262+00.492 Y*O 17 26 35.830 -34 20 42.28           ~ 7 0
139 [RFZ2019] 32 cor 17 26 38.150 -33 48 40.65           ~ 1 0
140 [RFZ2019] 45 cor 17 26 40.410 -34 32 22.66           ~ 1 0
141 [RFZ2019] 13 cor 17 26 41.630 -34 32 28.66           ~ 1 0
142 [RFZ2019] 94 cor 17 26 42.760 -34 32 15.67           ~ 1 0
143 [RFZ2019] 74 cor 17 26 43.080 -33 59 51.89           ~ 1 0
144 [RFZ2019] 110 cor 17 26 43.410 -34 30 35.58           ~ 1 0
145 AGAL G353.556+00.652 Y*O 17 26 44.710 -34 00 47.29           ~ 7 0
146 [RFZ2019] 105 cor 17 26 44.950 -33 54 19.80           ~ 1 0
147 [RFZ2019] 8 cor 17 26 45.900 -33 59 27.97           ~ 1 0
148 HOBYS J172646.5-343102 cor 17 26 46.520 -34 31 02.95           ~ 1 0
149 [RFZ2019] 6 cor 17 26 46.960 -33 59 24.13           ~ 1 0
150 AGAL G353.129+00.354 Y*O 17 26 47.390 -34 31 57.82           ~ 12 0
151 [RFZ2019] 15 cor 17 26 51.150 -34 08 16.85           ~ 1 0
152 [RFZ2019] 62 cor 17 26 51.190 -34 06 31.80           ~ 1 0
153 [RFZ2019] 1 cor 17 26 51.600 -34 08 25.14           ~ 1 0
154 [RFZ2019] 127 cor 17 26 53.710 -34 05 49.76           ~ 1 0
155 [RFZ2019] 155 cor 17 27 05.500 -34 27 35.96           ~ 1 0
156 [RFZ2019] 11 cor 17 27 07.560 -34 16 50.16           ~ 1 0
157 [RFZ2019] 5 cor 17 27 10.270 -34 16 39.86           ~ 1 0
158 [RFZ2019] 12 cor 17 27 11.320 -34 16 36.12           ~ 1 0
159 [RFZ2019] 36 cor 17 27 27.130 -34 08 59.07           ~ 1 0
160 [RFZ2019] 9 cor 17 27 46.850 -34 16 55.39           ~ 1 0
161 [RFZ2019] 4 cor 17 28 03.260 -34 18 28.77           ~ 1 0
162 NAME Cyg X Cld 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 962 1
163 [CQZ2019] N63-1 cor 20 40 05.2 +41 32 13           ~ 26 0

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