2019A&A...626A.117P

Query : 2019A&A...626A.117P

2019A&A...626A.117P - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 626A117-117 (2019/6-1)

Search for transient optical counterparts to high-energy IceCube neutrinos with Pan-STARRS1.

PAN-STARRS COLLABORATION, KANKARE E., HUBER M., SMARTT S.J., CHAMBERS K., SMITH K.W., McBRIEN O., CHEN T.-W., FLEWELLING H., LOWE T., MAGNIER E., SCHULTZ A., WATERS C., WAINSCOAT R.J., WILLMAN M., WRIGHT D., YOUNG D. (The IceCube Collaboration), AARTSEN M.G., ACKERMANN M., ADAMS J., AGUILAR J.A., AHLERS M., AHRENS M., ALISPACH C., ALTMANN D., ANDEEN K., ANDERSON T., ANSSEAU I., ANTON G., ARGUELLES C., AUFFENBERG J., AXANI S., BACKES P., BAGHERPOUR H., BAI X., BARBANO A., BARWICK S.W., BAUM V., BAY R., BEATTY J.J., BECKER K.-H., BECKER TJUS J., BENZVI S., BERLEY D., BERNARDINI E., BESSON D.Z., BINDER G., BINDIG D., BLAUFUSS E., BLOT S., BOHM C., BORNER M., BOSER S., BOTNER O., BOURBEAU E., BOURBEAU J., BRADASCIO F., BRAUN J., BRETZ H.-P., BRON S., BROSTEAN-KAISER J., BURGMAN A., BUSSE R.S., CARVER T., CHEN C., CHEUNG E., CHIRKIN D., CLARK K., CLASSEN L., COLLIN G.H., CONRAD J.M., COPPIN P., CORREA P., COWEN D.F., CROSS R., DAVE P., DE ANDRE J.P.A.M., DE CLERCQ C., DELAUNAY J.J., DEMBINSKI H., DEOSKAR K., DE RIDDER S., DESIATI P., DE VRIES K.D., DE WASSEIGE G., DE WITH M., DEYOUNG T., DIAZ-VELEZ J.C., DUJMOVIC H., DUNKMAN M., DVORAK E., EBERHARDT B., EHRHARDT T., ELLER P., EVENSON P.A., FAHEY S., FAZELY A.R., FELDE J., FILIMONOV K., FINLEY C., FRANCKOWIAK A., FRIEDMAN E., FRITZ A., GAISSER T.K., GALLAGHER J., GANSTER E., GARRAPPA S., GERHARDT L., GHORBANI K., GLAUCH T., GLUSENKAMP T., GOLDSCHMIDT A., GONZALEZ J.G., GRANT D., GRIFFITH Z., GUNDUZ M., HAACK C., HALLGREN A., HALVE L., HALZEN F., HANSON K., HEBECKER D., HEEREMAN D., HELBING K., HELLAUER R., HENNINGSEN F., HICKFORD S., HIGNIGHT J., HILL G.C., HOFFMAN K.D., HOFFMANN R., HOINKA T., HOKANSON-FASIG B., HOSHINA K., HUANG F., HUBER M., HULTQVIST K., HUNNEFELD M., HUSSAIN R., IN S., IOVINE N., ISHIHARA A., JACOBI E., JAPARIDZE G.S., JEONG M., JERO K., JONES B.J.P., KALACZYNSKI P., KANG W., KAPPES A., KAPPESSER D., KARG T., KARL M., KARLE A., KATZ U., KAUER M., KEIVANI A., KELLEY J.L., KHEIRANDISH A., KIM J., KINTSCHER T., KIRYLUK J., KITTLER T., KLEIN S.R., KOIRALA R., KOLANOSKI H., KOPKE L., KOPPER C., KOPPER S., KOSKINEN D.J., KOWALSKI M., KRINGS K., KRUCKL G., KULACZ N., KUNWAR S., KURAHASHI N., KYRIACOU A., LABARE M., LANFRANCHI J.L., LARSON M.J., LAUBER F., LAZAR J.P., LEONARD K., LEUERMANN M., LIU Q.R., LOHFINK E., LOZANO MARISCAL C.J., LU L., LUCARELLI F., LUNEMANN J., LUSZCZAK W., MADSEN J., MAGGI G., MAHN K.B.M., MAKINO Y., MALLOT K., MANCINA S., MARIS I.C., MARUYAMA R., MASE K., MAUNU R., MEAGHER K., MEDICI M., MEDINA A., MEIER M., MEIGHEN-BERGER S., MENNE T., MERINO G., MEURES T., MIARECKI S., MICALLEF J., MOMENTE G., MONTARULI T., MOORE R.W., MOULAI M., NAGAI R., NAHNHAUER R., NAKARMI P., NAUMANN U., NEER G., NIEDERHAUSEN H., NOWICKI S.C., NYGREN D.R., OBERTACKE POLLMANN A., OLIVAS A., O'MURCHADHA A., O'SULLIVAN E., PALCZEWSKI T., PANDYA H., PANKOVA D.V., PARK N., PEIFFER P., PEREZ DE LOS HEROS C., PIELOTH D., PINAT E., PIZZUTO A., PLUM M., PRICE P.B., PRZYBYLSKI G.T., RAAB C., RAISSI A., RAMEEZ M., RAUCH L., RAWLINS K., REA I.C., REIMANN R., RELETHFORD B., RENZI G., RESCONI E., RHODE W., RICHMAN M., ROBERTSON S., RONGEN M., ROTT C., RUHE T., RYCKBOSCH D., RYSEWYK D., SAFA I., SANCHEZ HERRERA S.E., SANDROCK A., SANDROOS J., SANTANDER M., SARKAR S., SARKAR S., SATALECKA K., SCHAUFEL M., SCHLUNDER P., SCHMIDT T., SCHNEIDER A., SCHNEIDER J., SCHUMACHER L., SCLAFANI S., SECKEL D., SEUNARINE S., SILVA M., SNIHUR R., SOEDINGREKSO J., SOLDIN D., SONG M., SPICZAK G.M., SPIERING C., STACHURSKA J., STAMATIKOS M., STANEV T., STASIK A., STEIN R., STETTNER J., STEUER A., STEZELBERGER T., STOKSTAD R.G., STOSSL A., STROTJOHANN N.L., STUTTARD T., SULLIVAN G.W., SUTHERLAND M., TABOADA I., TENHOLT F., TER-ANTONYAN S., TERLIUK A., TILAV S., TOMANKOVA L., TONNIS C., TOSCANO S., TOSI D., TSELENGIDOU M., TUNG C.F., TURCATI A., TURCOTTE R., TURLEY C.F., TY B., UNGER E., UNLAND ELORRIETA M.A., USNER M., VANDENBROUCKE J., VAN DRIESSCHE W., VAN EIJK D., VAN EIJNDHOVEN N., VANHEULE S., VAN SANTEN J., VRAEGHE M., WALCK C., WALLACE A., WALLRAFF M., WANDKOWSKY N., WATSON T.B., WEAVER C., WEISS M.J., WELDERT J., WENDT C., WERTHEBACH J., WESTERHOFF S., WHELAN B.J., WHITEHORN N., WIEBE K., WIEBUSCH C.H., WILLE L., WILLIAMS D.R., WILLS L., WOLF M., WOOD J., WOOD T.R., WOSCHNAGG K., WREDE G., XU D.L., XU X.W., XU Y., YANEZ J.P., YODH G., YOSHIDA S., YUAN T. and NORDIN J.

Abstract (from CDS):

In order to identify the sources of the observed diffuse high-energy neutrino flux, it is crucial to discover their electromagnetic counterparts. To increase the sensitivity of detecting counterparts of transient or variable sources by telescopes with a limited field of view, IceCube began releasing alerts for single high-energy (Eν>60TeV) neutrino detections with sky localisation regions of order 1° radius in 2016. We used Pan-STARRS1 to follow-up five of these alerts during 2016-2017 to search for any optical transients that may be related to the neutrinos. Typically 10-20 faint (miP1≤22.5mag) extragalactic transients are found within the Pan-STARRS1 footprints and are generally consistent with being unrelated field supernovae (SNe) and AGN. We looked for unusual properties of the detected transients, such as temporal coincidence of explosion epoch with the IceCube timestamp, or other peculiar light curve and physical properties. We found only one transient that had properties worthy of a specific follow-up. In the Pan-STARRS1 imaging for IceCube-160427A (probability to be of astrophysical origin of ∼50%), we found a SN PS16cgx, located at 10.0' from the nominal IceCube direction. Spectroscopic observations of PS16cgx showed that it was an H-poor SN at redshift z=0.2895±0.0001. The spectra and light curve resemble some high-energy Type Ic SNe, raising the possibility of a jet driven SN with an explosion epoch temporally coincident with the neutrino detection. However, distinguishing Type Ia and Type Ic SNe at this redshift is notoriously difficult. Based on all available data we conclude that the transient is more likely to be a Type Ia with relatively weak SiII absorption and a fairly normal rest-frame r-band light curve. If, as predicted, there is no high-energy neutrino emission from Type Ia SNe, then PS16cgx must be a random coincidence, and unrelated to the IceCube-160427A. We find no other plausible optical transient for any of the five IceCube events observed down to a 5σ limiting magnitude of miP1~=22mag, between 1-day and 25-days after detection.

Abstract Copyright: © ESO 2019

Journal keyword(s): astroparticle physics - neutrinos - supernovae: general

Nomenclature: Table A1: [KHS2019] 6H3Gaaa N=13. Table A2: [KHS2019] 6K3Ghjo N=1. Table A3: [KHS2019] 7C3Gjfw N=1.

Simbad objects: 132

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Number of rows : 132
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 SN 2002ap SN* 01 36 23.85 +15 45 13.2   13.11 14.54     SNIc-BL 587 1
2 SN 2005hc SN* 01 56 47.976 -00 12 48.62           SNIa 99 1
3 PSST 16fhi ev 02 38 35.74 +13 05 06.2           ~ 1 0
4 PSST 16exc ev 02 41 05.69 +12 55 59.3           ~ 1 0
5 PSST 16exd ev 02 41 08.05 +13 03 59.2           ~ 1 0
6 IceCube-161103A ev 02 43.3 +12 34           ~ 12 0
7 SN 2007gr SN* 02 43 27.98 +37 20 44.7       12.77   SNIc 265 1
8 PSST 16exf ev 02 44 02.89 +13 30 45.7           ~ 1 0
9 PSST 16exg ev 02 44 14.42 +11 37 18.7           ~ 1 0
10 PSST 16exh ev 02 44 56.02 +13 15 50.7           ~ 1 0
11 PSST 16exi ev 02 45 02.51 +11 52 00.5           ~ 1 0
12 [KHS2019] 6K3Ghjo ev 02 47 45.09 +12 46 20.8           ~ 1 0
13 IceCube-161210A ev 03 06.3 +14 59           ~ 7 0
14 SN 2005eq SN* 03 08 49.31 -07 01 59.7     17.4     SNIa 95 1
15 SN 2006aj SN* 03 21 39.670 +16 52 02.27 17.96 19.11 17.40     SNIc-BL 1007 1
16 LSQ 14efd SN* 03 35 38.76 -58 52 38.3           SNII 15 0
17 PMN J0509+0541 BLL 05 09 25.9644373872 +05 41 35.333820420 15.32 14.95 14.78 15.12   ~ 589 2
18 SN 1987A SN* 05 35 27.98840 -69 16 11.1134           SNIIpec 5203 2
19 PSST 17byo ev 06 27 54.74 -14 26 07.5           ~ 1 0
20 PSST 17byn ev 06 27 58.43 -15 59 18.9           ~ 1 0
21 PSST 17cdz ev 06 27 59.29 -15 09 06.1           ~ 1 0
22 PSST 17cdy ev 06 29 00.76 -15 27 28.7           ~ 1 0
23 IceCube-170321A ev 06 33.3 -14 29           ~ 15 0
24 PSST 17cea ev 06 34 43.80 -13 41 48.8           ~ 1 0
25 PSST 17ceb ev 06 36 32.74 -15 15 51.9           ~ 1 0
26 [KHS2019] 7C3Gjfw ev 06 37 41.71 -14 17 43.7           ~ 1 0
27 PSO J104.6365+17.2622 SN* 06 58 32.744 +17 15 44.37           SNIIn 5 0
28 SN 2005na SN* 07 01 36.62 +14 07 59.7     16.1     SNIa 82 1
29 IceCube-160806A ev 08 11.2 -00 49           ~ 8 0
30 SN 2009bb SN* 10 31 33.92 -39 57 28.2           SNIc 185 1
31 NAME Great Attractor SCG 10 32 -46.0           ~ 617 0
32 IceCube-171015A ev 10 51.4 -15 26           ~ 11 0
33 SN 2006ax SN* 11 24 03.46 -12 17 29.2     17.1     SNIa 109 1
34 SN 2004aw SN* 11 57 50.24 +25 15 55.1   18.06       SNIc 209 1
35 IceCube HESE 58537957 128340 ev 13 17 14.4 -32 00 59           ~ 10 0
36 SN 2011fe SN* 14 03 05.711 +54 16 25.22   10.12 10.06     SNIa-norm 747 1
37 PSST 16dpr ev 14 12 29.06 -00 36 12.7           ~ 1 0
38 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghib ev 14 13 18.14 -00 25 27.6           ~ 1 0
39 PSST 16dps ev 14 13 57.45 -00 10 43.4           ~ 1 0
40 SDSS J141417.76+000207.9 G 14 14 17.76168 +00 02 07.9296           ~ 1 0
41 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghia ev 14 14 17.77 +00 02 07.8           ~ 1 0
42 PSST 16dqf ev 14 14 37.64 +00 46 05.8           ~ 1 0
43 SDSS J141442.38+004325.6 * 14 14 42.3850624728 +00 43 25.704350760           ~ 1 0
44 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghij ev 14 14 42.39 +00 43 25.7           ~ 1 0
45 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghhx ev 14 14 45.75 -00 27 39.9           ~ 1 0
46 SDSS J141506.06+001806.3 G 14 15 06.06048 +00 18 06.3036           ~ 1 0
47 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghis ev 14 15 06.08 +00 18 05.9           ~ 1 0
48 PSST 16dpc ev 14 15 14.83 -00 21 15.7           ~ 1 0
49 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghjd ev 14 16 00.58 -01 19 20.4           ~ 1 0
50 PSST 16dqg ev 14 16 02.51 -00 02 55.1           ~ 1 0
51 PSST 16dpd ev 14 16 31.15 -00 56 56.2           ~ 1 0
52 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghhu ev 14 16 31.86 +00 34 52.8           ~ 1 0
53 PSST 16dpe ev 14 17 12.43 +00 17 23.0           ~ 1 0
54 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghik ev 14 17 18.89 -00 39 27.2           ~ 1 0
55 PSST 16dpt ev 14 17 19.09 +00 37 43.2           ~ 1 0
56 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghhv ev 14 17 21.30 -00 30 50.4           ~ 1 0
57 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghhn ev 14 17 40.06 -00 37 59.9           ~ 1 0
58 PSST 16dpu ev 14 17 43.93 -00 33 28.5           ~ 1 0
59 PSST 16cxe ev 14 18 00.02 -00 14 35.3           ~ 1 0
60 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghhq ev 14 18 31.87 -00 50 39.0           ~ 1 0
61 PSST 16dpf ev 14 18 32.97 +00 30 40.7           ~ 1 0
62 PSST 16cyu ev 14 19 53.22 -01 00 39.6           ~ 1 0
63 PSST 16dpv ev 14 20 13.30 -00 45 52.3           ~ 1 0
64 IceCube HESE 128290 6888376 ev 14 20 26 -00 27.5           ~ 14 0
65 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghhk ev 14 21 01.11 -00 45 38.0           ~ 1 0
66 PSST 16dpi SN* 14 21 13.10 +00 25 41.3           SNIa 2 0
67 PSST 16dpj ev 14 21 16.17 -01 05 54.4           ~ 1 0
68 PSST 16dpk ev 14 21 22.51 -00 47 02.9           ~ 1 0
69 [KHS2019] 6H3Ghet ev 14 21 52.69 -00 40 16.9           ~ 1 0
70 PSST 16dpl ev 14 23 03.19 +00 05 54.5           ~ 1 0
71 SDSS J142303.54+000552.3 G 14 23 03.545 +00 05 52.30           ~ 6 0
72 PSST 16dpm SN* 14 23 20.10 -00 32 16.4           SNIa 2 0
73 IceCube-170506A ev 14 47.2 -26 00           ~ 7 0
74 SDSS J155928.45+095151.4 G 15 59 28.45248 +09 51 51.4620           ~ 1 0
75 PSST 16fnx ev 15 59 28.46 +09 51 51.7           ~ 1 0
76 PSST 16fnu ev 15 59 41.19 +09 46 19.7           ~ 1 0
77 SDSS J155941.20+094619.4 * 15 59 41.20296 +09 46 19.4124           ~ 1 0
78 PSST 16fnv ev 15 59 41.54 +09 47 50.1           ~ 1 0
79 SDSS J155941.54+094749.8 * 15 59 41.5459147464 +09 47 49.953856200           ~ 1 0
80 PSST 16cgw ev 16 00 39.69 +09 39 21.2           ~ 1 0
81 SDSS J160039.70+093919.6 G 16 00 39.70608 +09 39 19.6776           ~ 1 0
82 PSST 16chy ev 16 00 44.22 +09 50 40.8           ~ 1 0
83 SDSS J160044.22+095040.6 * 16 00 44.22384 +09 50 40.6608           ~ 1 0
84 PSST 16cfu ev 16 01 15.66 +09 25 04.7           ~ 1 0
85 SDSS J160115.65+092504.8 G 16 01 15.6638455224 +09 25 04.785798972           ~ 1 0
86 SDSS J160118.56+095153.7 G 16 01 18.56472 +09 51 53.7840           ~ 1 0
87 PSST 16cgx SN? 16 01 18.60 +09 51 53.1           ~ 4 0
88 SDSS J160119.77+101218.7 * 16 01 19.7752313088 +10 12 18.743603400           ~ 1 0
89 PSST 16fnz ev 16 01 19.78 +10 12 18.7           ~ 1 0
90 SDSS J160124.77+100201.5 * 16 01 24.77088 +10 02 01.5036           ~ 1 0
91 PSST 16fns ev 16 01 24.78 +10 02 01.6           ~ 1 0
92 PSST 16fnt ev 16 01 28.08 +10 02 51.0           ~ 1 0
93 SDSS J160133.99+094759.0 * 16 01 33.9978404544 +09 47 59.006809392           ~ 1 0
94 PSST 16cfv ev 16 01 34.00 +09 47 59.1           ~ 1 0
95 SDSS J160139.09+092159.5 QSO 16 01 39.0990240024 +09 21 59.430406464   20.00 19.81     ~ 17 0
96 PSST 16cfw ev 16 01 39.10 +09 21 59.5           ~ 1 0
97 PSST 16fnw ev 16 01 53.38 +10 05 21.7           ~ 1 0
98 SDSS J160153.37+100521.7 QSO 16 01 53.3816391240 +10 05 21.644074752           ~ 8 0
99 PSST 16dov ev 16 01 53.91 +09 52 44.2           ~ 1 0
100 SDSS J160153.91+095244.3 QSO 16 01 53.9174656032 +09 52 44.288300532           ~ 9 0
101 SDSS J160202.18+094907.7 * 16 02 02.1858442368 +09 49 07.643651988           ~ 1 0
102 PSST 16dow ev 16 02 02.19 +09 49 07.7           ~ 1 0
103 SDSS J160205.21+094630.3 QSO 16 02 05.2074854880 +09 46 30.352735740           ~ 7 0
104 PSST 16cfy ev 16 02 05.21 +09 46 30.4           ~ 1 0
105 SDSS J160211.95+095407.7 G 16 02 11.9448237240 +09 54 07.756847604           ~ 1 0
106 PSST 16cfz ev 16 02 11.96 +09 54 07.9           ~ 1 0
107 IceCube-160427A ev 16 02.3 +09 20           ~ 9 0
108 PSST 16cgb ev 16 02 19.12 +09 34 50.1           ~ 1 0
109 SDSS J160219.12+093450.2 G 16 02 19.12752 +09 34 50.2860           ~ 1 0
110 SDSS J160227.74+100309.0 * 16 02 27.74520 +10 03 09.0540           ~ 1 0
111 PSST 16fny ev 16 02 27.75 +10 03 09.1           ~ 1 0
112 SN 2009kf SN* 16 12 54.00 +55 38 13.8           SNIIP 53 1
113 SN 1998bw SN* 19 35 03.17 -52 50 46.1   14.09       SNIc 1928 2
114 IceCube-171028A ev 19 38.1 +02 03           ~ 4 0
115 IceCube-170312A ev 20 20.6 -26 37           ~ 5 0
116 SN 2016coi SN* 21 59 04.14 +18 11 10.5           SNIc 67 0
117 PTF 10vgv SN* 22 16 01.17 +40 52 03.3           SNIc 33 0
118 PSST 17eyl ev 22 39 02.90 +06 25 26.3           ~ 1 0
119 SDSS J223902.90+062526.7 G 22 39 02.90280 +06 25 26.6952           ~ 1 0
120 PSST 17eym ev 22 39 22.13 +07 16 36.4           ~ 1 0
121 SDSS J223922.20+071638.0 G 22 39 22.20672 +07 16 38.0892           ~ 1 0
122 IceCube-171106A ev 22 40 +07.4           ~ 17 0
123 PSST 17eyo ev 22 40 40.92 +06 26 29.6           ~ 1 0
124 SN 2006py SN* 22 41 41.997 -00 08 12.90           SNIa 46 1
125 PSST 17fcc ev 22 41 58.65 +07 46 53.6           ~ 1 0
126 SDSS J224158.66+074653.2 G 22 41 58.6656702936 +07 46 53.300072928           ~ 1 0
127 PSST 17fem ev 22 42 19.29 +06 42 38.0           ~ 1 0
128 SDSS J224219.29+064237.5 G 22 42 19.2929218032 +06 42 37.561475592           ~ 1 0
129 SDSS J224224.58+065502.1 * 22 42 24.5900948808 +06 55 02.218707876           ~ 1 0
130 PSST 17eyn ev 22 42 24.63 +06 55 02.7           ~ 1 0
131 PSST 17fcd ev 22 44 01.84 +08 13 27.6           ~ 1 0
132 SDSS J224401.85+081327.5 G 22 44 01.85304 +08 13 27.5448           ~ 1 0

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