2019ApJ...872..171L

Query : 2019ApJ...872..171L

2019ApJ...872..171L - Astrophys. J., 872, 171-171 (2019/February-3)

Star formation rates of massive Molecular clouds in the Central Molecular Zone.

LU X., ZHANG Q., KAUFFMANN J., PILLAI T., GINSBURG A., MILLS E.A.C., KRUIJSSEN J.M.D., LONGMORE S.N., BATTERSBY C., LIU H.B. and GU Q.

Abstract (from CDS):

We investigate star formation at very early evolutionary phases in five massive clouds in the inner 500 pc of the Galaxy, the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). Using interferometer observations of H2O masers and ultra-compact H II regions, we find evidence of ongoing star formation embedded in cores of 0.2 pc scales and >=105 cm–3 densities. Among the five clouds, Sgr C possesses a high (9%) fraction of gas mass in gravitationally bound and/or protostellar cores, and follows the dense (>=104 cm–3) gas star formation relation that is extrapolated from nearby clouds. The other four clouds have less than 1% of their cloud masses in gravitationally bound and/or protostellar cores, and star formation rates 10 times lower than predicted by the dense gas star formation relation. At the spatial scale of these cores, the star formation efficiency is comparable to that in Galactic disk sources. We suggest that the overall inactive star formation in these CMZ clouds could be because there is much less gas confined in gravitationally bound cores, which may be a result of the strong turbulence in this region and/or the very early evolutionary stage of the clouds when collapse has only recently started.

Abstract Copyright: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: center - ISM: clouds - stars: formation

Nomenclature: Table 3: [LZK2019] 50 km s-1 C1PN (Nos 50 km s-1 C1P1 to 50 km s-1 C1P2), [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 CNPN (Nos G0.253+0.016 C1P1 to C1P3, G0.253+0.016 C2P1 to C2P6, G0.253+0.016 C3P1 to C3P4, G0.253+0.016 C4P1 to C4P3), [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off CNPN (Nos Sgr B1-off C1P1, Sgr B1-off C2P1 to C2P6), [LZK2019] Sgr A CNPN (Nos Sgr C C1P1, Sgr C C2P1, Sgr C C3P1 to C3P3, Sgr C C4P1 to C4P2, Sgr C C5P1 to C5P2, Sgr D C1P1 to C1P5). Table 5: [LZK2019] NN km s-1 HN (Nos 20 km s-1 H1 to H2, 50 km s-1 H1 to H4), [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off H1 N=1, [LZK2019] Sgr C HN (Nos Sgr C H1 to H4) [LZK2019] Sgr D H1 N=1. Table 6: [LZK2019] 20 km s-1 W0 N=1, [LZK2019] 20 km s-1 W19 N=1, [LZK2019] 50 km s-1 WN (Nos 50 km s-1 W1 to W4), [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 WN (Nos G0.253+0.016 W1 to W3), [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off WN (Nos Sgr B1-off W1 to W6), [LZK2019] Sgr A WNN (Nos Sgr C W1 to W16, Sgr D W1 to W7).

Simbad objects: 119

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Number of rows : 119
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
2 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3205 2
3 3C 286 Sy1 13 31 08.2883506368 +30 30 32.960091564   17.51 17.25     ~ 4558 2
4 QSO B1730-130 Bla 17 33 02.70578907 -13 04 49.5482119   18 19.50 18.78 17.39 ~ 1198 1
5 QSO J1744-3116 Bla 17 44 23.57824 -31 16 36.2943           ~ 168 1
6 NAME Sgr C MoC 17 44 36.3 -29 28 13           ~ 400 0
7 [LZK2019] Sgr C W16 Mas 17 44 38.220 -29 29 12.61           ~ 2 0
8 [LZK2019] Sgr C C4P2 cor 17 44 40.160 -29 28 14.43           ~ 1 0
9 [FC2000] G359.44-0.10 A HII 17 44 40.190 -29 28 15.20           ~ 4 0
10 [LZK2019] Sgr C W1 Mas 17 44 40.210 -29 27 28.09           ~ 1 0
11 [LZK2019] Sgr C C4P1 cor 17 44 40.580 -29 28 16.28           ~ 1 0
12 [LZK2019] Sgr C W9 Mas 17 44 40.980 -29 28 00.78           ~ 1 0
13 [LZK2019] Sgr C W4 Mas 17 44 41.110 -29 27 44.26           ~ 1 0
14 [LZK2019] Sgr C C3P1 cor 17 44 41.270 -29 27 59.38           ~ 1 0
15 [LZK2019] Sgr C W8 Mas 17 44 41.290 -29 27 58.65           ~ 1 0
16 [LZK2019] Sgr C W15 Mas 17 44 41.400 -29 28 29.67           ~ 1 0
17 [LZK2019] Sgr C W6 Mas 17 44 41.500 -29 27 51.88           ~ 1 0
18 [LZK2019] Sgr C W5 Mas 17 44 41.590 -29 27 49.73           ~ 1 0
19 [LZK2019] Sgr C C3P3 cor 17 44 41.730 -29 28 03.22           ~ 1 0
20 [LZK2019] Sgr C W10 Mas 17 44 42.010 -29 28 00.84           ~ 1 0
21 [LZK2019] Sgr C C3P2 cor 17 44 42.110 -29 27 56.96           ~ 1 0
22 [LZK2019] Sgr C W7 Mas 17 44 42.110 -29 27 55.62           ~ 1 0
23 [LZK2019] Sgr C C5P2 cor 17 44 42.320 -29 28 24.15           ~ 1 0
24 [LZK2019] Sgr C C5P1 cor 17 44 42.980 -29 28 15.14           ~ 1 0
25 [LZK2019] Sgr C C1P1 cor 17 44 43.580 -29 27 30.71           ~ 1 0
26 [LZK2019] Sgr C C2P1 cor 17 44 46.070 -29 27 38.18           ~ 1 0
27 GCM -0.13 -0.08 MoC 17 45 25.2 -29 05 30           ~ 141 1
28 [LZK2015] W4 Mas 17 45 34.630 -29 04 36.62           ~ 1 0
29 OH 359.855-00.078 OH* 17 45 34.78560 -29 06 02.6784           O-rich 18 0
30 [LZK2015] C4-P3 cor 17 45 35.360 -29 05 55.53           ~ 2 0
31 [LZK2015] W7 Mas 17 45 35.850 -29 05 09.13           ~ 1 0
32 [LZK2019] 20 km s-1 W0 Mas 17 45 36.060 -29 02 49.73           ~ 1 0
33 [LZK2015] C4-P4 cor 17 45 36.250 -29 05 49.03           ~ 3 0
34 [LZK2015] C5-P2 cor 17 45 36.430 -29 06 19.55           ~ 2 0
35 [LZK2015] C5-P1 cor 17 45 36.710 -29 06 17.50           ~ 2 0
36 [LZK2015] C4-P5 cor 17 45 36.740 -29 05 45.93           ~ 3 0
37 [LZK2015] C4-P6 cor 17 45 37.160 -29 05 55.13           ~ 2 0
38 [LZK2015] W10 Mas 17 45 37.160 -29 05 42.07           ~ 1 0
39 [LZK2019] 20 km s-1 W19 Mas 17 45 37.250 -29 06 52.03           ~ 1 0
40 [LZK2015] W3 Mas 17 45 37.490 -29 03 49.02           ~ 1 0
41 [LZK2015] W9 Mas 17 45 37.520 -29 05 22.75           ~ 1 0
42 [LZK2015] W12 Mas 17 45 37.530 -29 05 44.11           ~ 1 0
43 [LZK2015] C1-P1 cor 17 45 37.580 -29 03 48.83           ~ 3 0
44 [LZK2015] W11 Mas 17 45 37.620 -29 05 44.24           ~ 1 0
45 [LZK2015] C3-P2 cor 17 45 37.620 -29 05 16.65           ~ 2 0
46 [LZK2015] C4-P1 cor 17 45 37.640 -29 05 43.65           ~ 4 0
47 [LZK2015] W8 Mas 17 45 37.680 -29 05 13.68           ~ 1 0
48 [LZK2015] W2 Mas 17 45 37.730 -29 03 46.18           ~ 1 0
49 [LZK2015] C3-P1 cor 17 45 37.810 -29 05 02.41           ~ 2 0
50 NAME Sgr A-G Cld 17 45 37.9 -29 05 46           ~ 17 0
51 [LZK2015] W13 Mas 17 45 37.920 -29 05 45.05           ~ 1 0
52 [LZK2015] C1-P2 cor 17 45 38.180 -29 03 40.31           ~ 2 0
53 [LZK2015] C4-P2 cor 17 45 38.230 -29 05 32.72           ~ 3 0
54 [LZK2015] C2-P1 cor 17 45 38.230 -29 04 26.60           ~ 3 0
55 [LZK2015] C3-P3 cor 17 45 38.280 -29 04 58.59           ~ 2 0
56 [LZK2015] C2-P2 cor 17 45 38.620 -29 04 18.69           ~ 2 0
57 [LZK2015] C2-P3 cor 17 45 39.040 -29 04 13.24           ~ 2 0
58 [LZK2015] C1-P3 cor 17 45 39.170 -29 03 41.03           ~ 2 0
59 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
60 NAME Sgr A* X 17 45 40.03599 -29 00 28.1699           ~ 4970 3
61 OH 359.88-00.09 OH* 17 45 40.73880 -29 05 02.6196           O-rich 26 1
62 OH 359.970-00.049 OH* 17 45 44.31912 -28 59 13.2720           O-rich 15 0
63 OH 359.986-00.061 OH* 17 45 49.40544 -28 58 49.4400           O-rich 28 0
64 GCM -0.02 -0.07 MoC 17 45 50.4 -28 59 06           ~ 182 0
65 NAME Sgr A D Em* 17 45 51.54 -29 00 23.2           ~ 24 0
66 NAME Sgr A A MoC 17 45 52.00 -28 59 26.2           ~ 41 0
67 [LZK2019] 50 km s-1 C1P1 cor 17 45 52.080 -28 58 55.91           ~ 1 0
68 NAME Sgr A B Rad 17 45 52.17 -28 59 36.4           ~ 19 0
69 NAME Sgr A C Rad 17 45 52.49 -29 00 00.0           ~ 19 0
70 [LZK2019] 50 km s-1 C1P2 cor 17 45 52.570 -28 58 57.61           ~ 1 0
71 [LZK2019] 50 km s-1 W4 Mas 17 45 52.730 -28 59 24.40           ~ 1 0
72 [JBL2014] 1 cor 17 46 06.150 -28 41 40.57           ~ 2 0
73 [JBL2014] 2 cor 17 46 06.870 -28 41 32.79           ~ 2 0
74 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 C2P6 cor 17 46 07.450 -28 42 05.59           ~ 1 0
75 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 C4P2 cor 17 46 07.800 -28 43 52.17           ~ 1 0
76 [JBL2014] 6 cor 17 46 07.920 -28 42 19.96           ~ 2 0
77 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 C2P3 cor 17 46 08.090 -28 42 07.40           ~ 1 0
78 [JBL2014] 7 cor 17 46 08.340 -28 41 44.90           ~ 2 0
79 [JBL2014] 9 cor 17 46 08.630 -28 42 09.50           ~ 2 0
80 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 W1 Mas 17 46 08.900 -28 41 22.44           ~ 1 0
81 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 C2P5 cor 17 46 09.020 -28 42 15.18           ~ 1 0
82 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 C4P1 cor 17 46 09.080 -28 43 48.09           ~ 1 0
83 NAME the Brick MoC 17 46 09 -28 43.8           ~ 226 0
84 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 C4P3 cor 17 46 09.130 -28 43 54.60           ~ 1 0
85 [JBL2014] 11 cor 17 46 09.530 -28 42 07.00           ~ 2 0
86 [JBL2014] 15 cor 17 46 10.090 -28 42 27.69           ~ 2 0
87 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 C3P4 cor 17 46 10.180 -28 42 44.65           ~ 1 0
88 [JBL2014] 16 cor 17 46 10.540 -28 42 36.53           ~ 2 0
89 [JBL2014] 18 cor 17 46 10.630 -28 42 17.35           ~ 2 0
90 [LZK2019] G0.253+0.016 W3 Mas 17 46 11.380 -28 42 22.13           ~ 1 0
91 MSX5C G000.4722+00.0055 AB* 17 46 43.41192 -28 31 52.2444           O-rich 7 0
92 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off C1P1 cor 17 46 43.660 -28 30 08.43           ~ 1 0
93 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off W1 Mas 17 46 44.390 -28 30 55.28           ~ 1 0
94 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off C2P5 cor 17 46 44.910 -28 31 46.36           ~ 1 0
95 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off C2P3 cor 17 46 45.230 -28 31 49.62           ~ 1 0
96 NAME Sgr B1-off MoC 17 46 46.0 -28 31 00           ~ 12 0
97 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off C2P2 cor 17 46 46.330 -28 31 58.00           ~ 1 0
98 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off W6 Mas 17 46 46.730 -28 32 15.69           ~ 1 0
99 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off C2P1 cor 17 46 47.050 -28 32 05.50           ~ 1 0
100 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off C2P4 cor 17 46 47.140 -28 31 51.49           ~ 1 0
101 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off C2P6 cor 17 46 47.320 -28 31 43.63           ~ 1 0
102 [LZK2019] Sgr B1-off W4 Mas 17 46 48.230 -28 32 01.68           ~ 1 0
103 NAME Sgr B2 (North) Rad 17 47 20.2 -28 22 21           ~ 742 1
104 NAME Sgr B2 MoC 17 47 20.4 -28 23 07           ~ 2443 1
105 NAME Sgr B2 (South) HII 17 47 20.430 -28 23 45.06           ~ 106 0
106 NAME Sgr B2 Main Rad 17 47 20.5 -28 23 06           ~ 436 1
107 JCMTSF J174722.3-282132 smm 17 47 22.3 -28 21 32           ~ 3 0
108 [LZK2019] Sgr D C1P2 cor 17 48 41.060 -28 01 40.22           ~ 1 0
109 [LZK2019] Sgr D C1P3 cor 17 48 41.350 -28 01 53.67           ~ 1 0
110 [LZK2019] Sgr D W3 Mas 17 48 41.390 -28 01 38.25           ~ 1 0
111 [LZK2019] Sgr D C1P1 cor 17 48 41.460 -28 01 39.74           ~ 1 0
112 [LZK2019] Sgr D W6 Mas 17 48 41.510 -28 01 44.00           ~ 1 0
113 NAME Sgr D MoC 17 48 41.75 -28 01 45.0           ~ 137 1
114 [LZK2019] Sgr D C1P4 cor 17 48 42.050 -28 01 39.36           ~ 1 0
115 [LZK2019] Sgr D C1P5 cor 17 48 42.920 -28 01 40.20           ~ 1 0
116 [MGL98] OH Maser I Y*O 17 48 48.5410 -28 01 11.350           ~ 26 0
117 QSO B1921-293 BLL 19 24 51.05595254 -29 14 30.1210248   18.71 18.21 15.07   ~ 918 1
118 EM* MWC 349A Or* 20 32 45.5291969760 +40 39 36.651807828           ~ 180 0
119 3C 454.3 Bla 22 53 57.7480438728 +16 08 53.561508864   16.57 16.10 15.22   ~ 3004 2

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