2019ApJ...878...43M

We measured carbon abundances and the ¹²C/¹³C ratio in 31 giant branch stars with previous CN and CH band measurements that span -2.33 < M_V < 0.18 in the globular cluster M10 (NGC 6254). Abundances were determined by comparing CO features at ∼2.3 µm and specifically the ¹³CO bandhead at 2.37 µm, to synthetic spectra generated with MOOG. The observed spectra were obtained with GNIRS on Gemini North with a resolution of R ≃ 3500. The carbon abundances derived from the IR spectra agree with previous [C/Fe] measurements found using CN and CH features at the near-UV/blue wavelength range. We found an average carbon isotope ratio of ¹²C/¹³C = 5.10_–0.17^+0.18 for first generation stars (CN-normal; 13 stars total) and ¹²C/¹³C = 4.84_–0.22^+0.27 for second generation stars (CN-enhanced; 15 stars). We therefore find no statistically significant difference in ¹²C/¹³C ratio between stars in either population for the observed magnitude range. Finally, we created models of the expected carbon, nitrogen, and ¹²C/¹³C surface abundance evolution on the red giant branch due to thermohaline mixing using the MESA stellar evolution code. The efficiency of the thermohaline mixing must be increased to a factor of ≃60 to match [C/Fe] abundances, and by a factor of ≃666 to match ¹²C/¹³C ratios. We could not simultaneously fit the evolution of both carbon and the ¹²C/¹³C ratio with models using the same thermohaline efficiency parameter.