2019ApJ...881...79M

Query : 2019ApJ...881...79M

2019ApJ...881...79M - Astrophys. J., 881, 79-79 (2019/August-2)

Looking deep into the Rosette Nebula's heart: the (Sub)stellar content of the massive young cluster NGC 2244.

MUZIC K., SCHOLZ A., PENA RAMIREZ K., JAYAWARDHANA R., SCHODEL R., GEERS V.C., CIEZA L.A. and BAYO A.

Abstract (from CDS):

As part of the ongoing effort to characterize the low-mass (sub)stellar population in a sample of massive young clusters, we have targeted the ∼2 Myr old cluster NGC 2244. The distance to NGC 2244 from Gaia DR2 parallaxes is 1.59 kpc, with errors of 1% (statistical) and 11% (systematic). We used the Flamingos-2 near-infrared camera at the Gemini-South telescope for deep multi-band imaging of the central portion of the cluster (∼2.4 pc2). We determined membership in a statistical manner, through a comparison of the cluster's color-magnitude diagram to that of a control field. Masses and extinctions of the candidate members are then calculated with the help of evolutionary models, leading to the first initial mass function (IMF) of the cluster extending into the substellar regime, with the 90% completeness limit around 0.02 M☉. The IMF is well represented by a broken power law (dN/dM ∝ M–α) with a break at ∼0.4 M☉. The slope on the high-mass side (0.4-7 M☉) is α = 2.12 ± 0.08, close to the standard Salpeter slope. In the low-mass range (0.02-0.4 M☉), we find a slope α = 1.03 ± 0.02, which is at the high end of the typical values obtained in nearby star-forming regions (α = 0.5-1.0), but still in agreement within the uncertainties. Our results reveal no clear evidence for variations in the formation efficiency of brown dwarfs (BDs) and very low-mass stars due to the presence of OB stars, or for a change in stellar densities. Our finding rules out photoevaporation and fragmentation of infalling filaments as substantial pathways for BD formation.

Abstract Copyright: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): open clusters and associations: individual: NGC 2244 - stars: formation - stars: luminosity function, mass function - stars: pre-main sequence

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/881/79): table2.dat table3.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 2: [MSP2019] NGC2244 NNN (Nos 0-792).

Simbad objects: 137

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Number of rows : 137
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 1333 OpC 03 29 09.2 +31 20 59           ~ 1575 1
2 IC 348 OpC 03 44 31.1 +32 10 02           ~ 1476 1
3 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
4 Cl Collinder 69 OpC 05 35 32.1 +09 44 02     2.8     ~ 369 0
5 NAME sig Ori Cluster OpC 05 38 42 -02 36.0           ~ 623 0
6 NGC 2024 Cl* 05 41 43 -01 50.5           ~ 1198 1
7 NAME Rosette OB Association As* 06 31.7 +04 58           ~ 148 0
8 [MSP2019] NGC2244 237 Y*O 06 31 49.43 +04 58 32.9           ~ 1 0
9 2MASS J06315035+0457390 Y*O 06 31 50.3508658248 +04 57 39.033170784 21.723 20.39   17.95 17.01 ~ 15 0
10 [MSP2019] NGC2244 2 Y*O 06 31 50.58 +04 57 29.3           ~ 1 0
11 ZTF J063150.63+045835.8 RS* 06 31 50.6415112800 +04 58 35.778696168 24.040     18.89 17.95 ~ 8 0
12 [MSP2019] NGC2244 5 Y*O 06 31 50.85 +04 57 38.0           ~ 1 0
13 [MSP2019] NGC2244 6 Y*O 06 31 50.86 +04 57 20.0           ~ 1 0
14 Cl* NGC 2244 PS 149 Or* 06 31 51.4124652816 +04 57 28.538360136 18.986 17.53 16.14 14.98 14.41 ~ 23 0
15 CXOU J063152.2+045833 Y*O 06 31 52.2785217000 +04 58 33.992441004           ~ 4 0
16 [MSP2019] NGC2244 20 Y*O 06 31 52.44 +04 56 43.3           ~ 1 0
17 [MSP2019] NGC2244 22 Y*O 06 31 52.5536275492 +04 56 53.074283460           ~ 2 0
18 2MASS J06315256+0458172 Or* 06 31 52.5596729923 +04 58 17.342968139 21.551 20.729 18.498   16.267 ~ 11 0
19 NGC 2244 120 Y*O 06 31 52.7385876096 +04 57 06.006586680   14.270 12.301     ~ 13 0
20 [MSP2019] NGC2244 29 Y*O 06 31 53.07 +04 57 35.7           ~ 1 0
21 [MSP2019] NGC2244 31 Y*O 06 31 53.3440267352 +04 57 13.570807520           ~ 2 0
22 2MASS J06315341+0456277 Y*O 06 31 53.4094210632 +04 56 27.807915876           ~ 6 0
23 2MASS J06315351+0456211 Y*O 06 31 53.5177189536 +04 56 21.164736696           ~ 15 0
24 [BMR2007] J097.9732+04.9440 Y*O 06 31 53.5309569864 +04 56 38.687623656           ~ 4 0
25 2MASS J06315358+0457476 Y*O 06 31 53.5824165864 +04 57 47.708398980 22.808     19.02 17.11 ~ 6 0
26 2MASS J06315359+0457397 Y*O 06 31 53.5924452048 +04 57 39.724445412           ~ 5 0
27 2MASS J06315383+0458466 Y*O 06 31 53.8358849448 +04 58 46.799302368       19.19 17.83 ~ 5 0
28 [MSP2019] NGC2244 35 Y*O 06 31 53.8827661416 +04 57 11.372636380           ~ 2 0
29 2MASS J06315407+0457451 Y*O 06 31 54.0738323472 +04 57 45.172811340       18.87 17.75 ~ 5 0
30 2MASS J06315426+0457117 Y*O 06 31 54.2645899416 +04 57 11.807190720 21.062         ~ 9 0
31 [MSP2019] NGC2244 48 Y*O 06 31 54.46 +04 57 40.6           ~ 1 0
32 2MASS J06315448+0456471 Y*O 06 31 54.4842281976 +04 56 47.188908096 20.107         ~ 15 0
33 [MSP2019] NGC2244 53 Y*O 06 31 54.70 +04 57 46.1           ~ 1 0
34 [MSP2019] NGC2244 301 Y*O 06 31 54.71 +04 56 00.1           ~ 1 0
35 NGC 2244 121 Y*O 06 31 54.7272137352 +04 56 38.440615236   12.968 12.449   11.72 ~ 20 0
36 [MSP2019] NGC2244 54 Y*O 06 31 54.7299852381 +04 57 35.227887068           ~ 2 0
37 2MASS J06315487+0455417 Y*O 06 31 54.8749978080 +04 55 41.724611724 20.430     18.05 16.70 ~ 8 0
38 2MASS J06315497+0455580 Y*O 06 31 54.9741081768 +04 55 58.257745788           ~ 8 0
39 CXOU J063154.9+045719 Y*O 06 31 54.9869905824 +04 57 19.248531300           ~ 7 0
40 NGC 2244 119 Y*O 06 31 55.1127938870 +04 57 19.399962618 12.42 12.693 12.353 11.71 11.84 B6V 24 0
41 Cl* NGC 2244 PS 183 Y*O 06 31 55.1992964496 +04 56 47.026501476   16.470 16.470     ~ 12 0
42 2MASS J06315521+0458098 Y*O 06 31 55.215 +04 58 09.89       19.10 17.43 ~ 4 0
43 NGC 2244 123 Y*O 06 31 55.2449718000 +04 56 21.761484468 11.66 12.072 11.813   11.39 B5V 22 0
44 [MSP2019] NGC2244 319 Y*O 06 31 55.44 +04 58 54.9           ~ 1 0
45 HD 46150 Y*O 06 31 55.5205071744 +04 56 34.296516096 6.03 6.86 6.73 6.50 6.41 O5V((f))z 413 0
46 NGC 2244 182 Y*O 06 31 55.6549917264 +04 57 33.889228812 15.971 14.87 13.82 12.94 12.57 ~ 19 0
47 CXOU J063155.6+045601 Y*O 06 31 55.6832650776 +04 56 01.503822192           ~ 4 0
48 [MSP2019] NGC2244 76 Y*O 06 31 55.78 +04 55 38.3           ~ 1 0
49 2MASS J06315582+0457411 Y*O 06 31 55.820 +04 57 41.14           ~ 4 0
50 [MSP2019] NGC2244 333 Y*O 06 31 55.89 +04 58 32.9           ~ 1 0
51 [MSP2019] NGC2244 82 Y*O 06 31 55.9669385689 +04 57 20.705961623           ~ 2 0
52 NGC 2244 184 Y*O 06 31 56.0303073144 +04 56 41.421174576 16.013 15.01 14.06   12.81 ~ 7 0
53 2MASS J06315614+0456027 Y*O 06 31 56.1425426136 +04 56 02.781347784           ~ 8 0
54 2MASS J06315622+0457083 Y*O 06 31 56.225 +04 57 08.37           ~ 4 0
55 Cl* NGC 2244 PS 194 Or* 06 31 56.3005254888 +04 54 16.202391048 19.913 17.95 16.46 16.60 14.66 ~ 18 0
56 [MSP2019] NGC2244 341 Y*O 06 31 56.32 +04 58 36.4           ~ 1 0
57 2MASS J06315632+0457024 Y*O 06 31 56.3280088368 +04 57 02.481656832           ~ 7 0
58 2MASS J06315649+0455523 Y*O 06 31 56.4969967296 +04 55 52.379671908           ~ 5 0
59 [MSP2019] NGC2244 94 Y*O 06 31 56.52 +04 55 45.7           ~ 1 0
60 2MASS J06315653+0454283 Or* 06 31 56.5352547168 +04 54 28.385990604 22.930 20.48 18.771 18.74 16.38 ~ 12 0
61 2MASS J06315655+0457560 Y*O 06 31 56.5643245848 +04 57 56.034905868 23.487         ~ 6 0
62 [MSP2019] NGC2244 99 Y*O 06 31 56.68 +04 58 16.1           ~ 1 0
63 [MSP2019] NGC2244 354 Y*O 06 31 56.73 +04 57 33.8           ~ 1 0
64 [MSP2019] NGC2244 358 Y*O 06 31 56.82 +04 58 47.4           ~ 1 0
65 [MSP2019] NGC2244 107 Y*O 06 31 56.85 +04 55 03.3           ~ 1 0
66 ZTF J063156.86+045514.8 BY* 06 31 56.8700298432 +04 55 14.754972612 22.185 21.00   28.32 16.47 ~ 10 0
67 [BMR2007] J097.9874+04.9412 Y*O 06 31 56.9610353232 +04 56 28.370197068 20.044         ~ 3 0
68 ZTF J063157.08+045436.5 RS* 06 31 57.0872513616 +04 54 36.424949976 22.103 19.57 18.184 17.24 16.07 ~ 11 0
69 [MSP2019] NGC2244 369 Y*O 06 31 57.2438617290 +04 54 46.719233028           ~ 2 0
70 2MASS J06315726+0458429 Y*O 06 31 57.2604938904 +04 58 43.005134928           ~ 2 0
71 Cl* NGC 2244 PS 200 Or* 06 31 57.3013798800 +04 54 51.529081284 19.959 18.20 16.70 15.39 14.71 ~ 16 0
72 [MSP2019] NGC2244 116 Y*O 06 31 57.41 +04 54 16.7           ~ 1 0
73 Cl* NGC 2244 PS 203 Or* 06 31 57.4771060296 +04 55 04.479717288 18.919 17.45 16.16 15.29 14.62 ~ 21 0
74 NGC 2244 185 Or* 06 31 57.5159298040 +04 56 41.448336389 17.904 16.28 14.89   13.24 ~ 12 0
75 [MSP2019] NGC2244 751 Y*O 06 31 57.7600013921 +04 56 50.092673123           ~ 2 0
76 [BMR2007] J097.9915+04.9246 Y*O 06 31 57.9711784152 +04 55 28.504921332 23.803         ~ 4 0
77 [MSP2019] NGC2244 128 Y*O 06 31 58.02 +04 54 34.2           ~ 1 0
78 2MASS J06315811+0455392 Y*O 06 31 58.1135711472 +04 55 39.180933012           ~ 5 0
79 2MASS J06315811+0457595 Y*O 06 31 58.1227918968 +04 57 59.552237700   18.57   18.82 16.58 ~ 6 0
80 2MASS J06315821+0455201 Y*O 06 31 58.2210291000 +04 55 20.123258016 22.736     20.82 17.36 ~ 8 0
81 [MSP2019] NGC2244 777 Y*O 06 31 58.46 +04 57 14.6           ~ 1 0
82 [MSP2019] NGC2244 141 Y*O 06 31 58.60 +04 57 20.7           ~ 1 0
83 [MSP2019] NGC2244 402 Y*O 06 31 58.69 +04 54 54.4           ~ 1 0
84 [MSP2019] NGC2244 405 Y*O 06 31 58.74 +04 57 24.9           ~ 1 0
85 2MASS J06315889+0455356 Y*O 06 31 58.8909446520 +04 55 35.654860560           ~ 8 0
86 2MASS J06315889+0458110 Or* 06 31 58.8954452304 +04 58 11.130551436 20.734 20.17 19.299 17.76 16.85 ~ 8 0
87 NGC 2244 190 Y*O 06 31 58.9128323712 +04 56 16.248666912 11.04 11.527 11.21     B2.5Vn 27 0
88 2MASS J06315891+0457431 Or* 06 31 58.9205920440 +04 57 43.141953780 22.618 20.69 19.242 18.50 16.55 ~ 8 0
89 2MASS J06315897+0458327 Y*O 06 31 58.9689480960 +04 58 32.763010152   20.63   18.59 17.63 ~ 5 0
90 [MSP2019] NGC2244 151 Y*O 06 31 58.98 +04 55 26.5           ~ 1 0
91 CXOU J063159.0+045632 Y*O 06 31 59.017 +04 56 32.59           ~ 4 0
92 [MSP2019] NGC2244 412 Y*O 06 31 59.13 +04 55 55.9           ~ 1 0
93 [MSP2019] NGC2244 415 Y*O 06 31 59.23 +04 56 39.2           ~ 1 0
94 2MASS J06315961+0457538 Y*O 06 31 59.6349962664 +04 57 53.722043424           ~ 5 0
95 [MSP2019] NGC2244 425 Y*O 06 31 59.64 +04 56 34.7           ~ 1 0
96 2MASS J06315969+0455359 Or* 06 31 59.6966666712 +04 55 35.999833044 20.833 20.505 18.280   16.055 ~ 11 0
97 [MSP2019] NGC2244 166 Y*O 06 31 59.75 +04 56 19.2           ~ 1 0
98 ZTF J063200.30+045643.0 RS* 06 32 00.3104115648 +04 56 42.967198896 21.706 20.28   17.73 16.25 ~ 9 0
99 [MSP2019] NGC2244 176 Y*O 06 32 00.4033878117 +04 55 15.137324930           ~ 2 0
100 [MSP2019] NGC2244 177 Y*O 06 32 00.44 +04 56 47.6           ~ 1 0
101 [MSP2019] NGC2244 790 Y*O 06 32 00.4726709740 +04 57 07.710360528           ~ 2 0
102 2MASS J06320067+0455108 Y*O 06 32 00.6826449960 +04 55 10.891776432 23.118 20.93   18.59 16.79 ~ 5 0
103 [BMR2007] J098.0033+04.9296 Y*O 06 32 00.7703107656 +04 55 46.776585324 21.969         ~ 4 0
104 2MASS J06320102+0457317 Or* 06 32 01.0253773464 +04 57 31.754450016 22.179 19.33 18.379 17.35 16.18 ~ 13 0
105 2MASS J06320110+0454497 Y*O 06 32 01.1077824456 +04 54 49.803628680 23.330 20.08   17.61 16.18 ~ 9 0
106 [MSP2019] NGC2244 459 Y*O 06 32 01.24 +04 55 16.7           ~ 1 0
107 2MASS J06320129+0456282 Y*O 06 32 01.2994931448 +04 56 28.363963884 21.175 20.33   17.65 17.61 ~ 9 0
108 ZTF J063201.50+045502.2 RS* 06 32 01.5075956040 +04 55 02.227830996 22.873 20.35   17.87 16.58 ~ 9 0
109 2MASS J06320155+0458054 Y*O 06 32 01.5454382208 +04 58 05.395081764 23.991     18.95 17.40 ~ 6 0
110 [MSP2019] NGC2244 199 Y*O 06 32 01.60 +04 57 02.2           ~ 1 0
111 2MASS J06320166+0456097 Y*O 06 32 01.6587312912 +04 56 09.853772676           ~ 5 0
112 [MSP2019] NGC2244 203 Y*O 06 32 01.7013529212 +04 56 58.882457968           ~ 2 0
113 [MSP2019] NGC2244 471 Y*O 06 32 01.72 +04 56 22.3           ~ 1 0
114 CXOU J063202.1+045740 Y*O 06 32 02.2001248728 +04 57 40.584415212           ~ 4 0
115 [MSP2019] NGC2244 209 Y*O 06 32 02.23 +04 57 44.6           ~ 1 0
116 [MSP2019] NGC2244 210 Y*O 06 32 02.32 +04 55 10.3           ~ 1 0
117 [MSP2019] NGC2244 211 Y*O 06 32 02.4034340792 +04 55 29.442686119           ~ 2 0
118 2MASS J06320249+0457567 Y*O 06 32 02.5190331912 +04 57 56.774961216           ~ 4 0
119 2MASS J06320289+0455577 Y*O 06 32 02.8964903544 +04 55 57.813386088           ~ 5 0
120 2MASS J06320357+0456055 Y*O 06 32 03.5633097168 +04 56 05.675229276           ~ 4 0
121 [MSP2019] NGC2244 225 Y*O 06 32 03.5745494862 +04 55 45.196448563           ~ 2 0
122 2MASS J06320358+0456363 Y*O 06 32 03.5893062432 +04 56 36.405728772 23.102 20.40   17.07 16.54 ~ 8 0
123 [MSP2019] NGC2244 507 Y*O 06 32 03.76 +04 55 54.6           ~ 1 0
124 [MSP2019] NGC2244 228 Y*O 06 32 03.7716457846 +04 56 18.768891089           ~ 2 0
125 [MSP2019] NGC2244 230 Y*O 06 32 03.87 +04 57 18.1           ~ 1 0
126 [MSP2019] NGC2244 234 Y*O 06 32 03.98 +04 57 15.4           ~ 1 0
127 NGC 2244 OpC 06 32 06.9 +04 54 19           ~ 673 1
128 NAME Rosette Nebula HII 06 32 26.76 +04 47 37.1           ~ 522 1
129 NAME Rosette Molecular Cloud MoC 06 34.7 +04 02           ~ 277 0
130 RCW 38 SFR 08 59 05.50 -47 30 39.4           ~ 327 2
131 NAME Cha 1 MoC 11 06 48 -77 18.0           ~ 1266 1
132 NGC 3603 OpC 11 14 57.9 -61 14 32           ~ 1136 1
133 NAME Chamaeleon Region SFR 11 55 -78.0           ~ 887 0
134 Lupus 3 SFR 16 09.6 -39 03           ~ 348 0
135 NAME Upper Sco Association As* 16 12 -23.4           ~ 1586 1
136 Cl Westerlund 1 OpC 16 47 02.4 -45 51 07           ~ 655 1
137 NAME Arches Cluster Cl* 17 45 50.5 -28 49 28           ~ 792 0

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