2019ApJ...887..149B

Query : 2019ApJ...887..149B

2019ApJ...887..149B - Astrophys. J., 887, 149-149 (2019/December-3)

Origins of molecular clouds in early-type galaxies.

BABYK I.V., McNAMARA B.R., TAMHANE P.D., NULSEN P.E.J., RUSSELL H.R. and EDGE A.C.

Abstract (from CDS):

We analyze Chandra observations of the hot atmospheres of 40 early spiral and elliptical galaxies. Using new temperature, density, cooling time, and mass profiles, we explore relationships between their hot atmospheres and cold molecular gas. Molecular gas mass correlates with atmospheric gas mass and density over four decades from central galaxies in clusters to normal giant ellipticals and early spirals. The mass and density relations follow power laws: Mmol∝MX^1.4±0.1^ and Mmol∝ne^1.8±0.3^, respectively, at 10 kpc. The ratio of molecular gas to atmospheric gas within a 10 kpc radius lies between 3% and 10% for early-type galaxies and between 3% and 50% for central galaxies in clusters. Early-type galaxies have detectable levels of molecular gas when their atmospheric cooling times fall below ∼1 Gyr at a radius of 10 kpc. A similar trend is found in central cluster galaxies. We find no relationship between the ratio of the cooling time to free-fall time, tc/tff, and the presence or absence of molecular clouds in early-type galaxies. The data are consistent with much of the molecular gas in early-type galaxies having condensed from their hot atmospheres.

Abstract Copyright: © 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy kinematics - Galaxy dynamics

Simbad objects: 61

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Number of rows : 61
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 193 rG 00 39 18.5878961880 +03 19 52.605787764   14.3       ~ 149 1
2 NGC 315 LIN 00 57 48.88334410 +30 21 08.8119345 12.80 12.20 11.16 11.26   ~ 869 2
3 NGC 499 LIN 01 23 11.4954761664 +33 27 36.656232300   13.0 12.3     ~ 181 0
4 NGC 507 rG 01 23 39.950 +33 15 22.22   13.0       ~ 459 1
5 NGC 533 rG 01 25 31.4074984248 +01 45 33.236656812   13.1 14.11     ~ 237 1
6 NGC 708 rG 01 52 46.482 +36 09 06.53 14.85 14.27 13.29 12.67 12.09 ~ 259 3
7 NGC 720 Sy1 01 53 00.523 -13 44 19.25   12.4   10.36   ~ 536 0
8 NGC 741 rG 01 56 23.2 +05 37 35   13.2       ~ 309 2
9 NGC 1266 Sy1 03 16 00.7739640240 -02 25 37.827013584   14   12.46   ~ 332 2
10 ACO 426 ClG 03 19 47.6 +41 30 54           ~ 2508 1
11 NGC 1316 rG 03 22 41.789 -37 12 29.52 9.81 9.15 8.53 7.66   ~ 1491 1
12 NGC 1332 GiP 03 26 17.321 -21 20 07.33   11.45   9.84   ~ 378 0
13 NGC 1399 rG 03 38 29.083 -35 27 02.67 11.05 9.74 9.59 8.12   ~ 1636 1
14 NGC 1404 rG 03 38 51.917 -35 35 39.81 11.53 10.69 10.00 9.03   ~ 787 1
15 NGC 1407 rG 03 40 11.904 -18 34 49.36   10.64 9.67 9.13   ~ 613 2
16 NGC 1550 BiC 04 19 37.9450450152 +02 24 35.918168940   14.0       ~ 183 1
17 NGC 2768 SyG 09 11 37.504 +60 02 13.95 11.30 10.84 9.87     ~ 526 2
18 NGC 3091 BiC 10 00 14.125 -19 38 11.32   12.04 10.61 10.56 9.25 ~ 192 0
19 NGC 3245 LIN 10 27 18.3864983136 +28 30 26.621599932   11.6       ~ 372 0
20 NGC 3599 GiP 11 15 26.9494646448 +18 06 37.428503940   13.0       ~ 226 0
21 NGC 3607 Sy2 11 16 54.65687 +18 03 06.5120   13.84 12.76     ~ 490 1
22 NGC 3619 GiG 11 19 21.5781353400 +57 45 28.018459368   12.6       ~ 180 0
23 NGC 3665 GiG 11 24 43.630 +38 45 46.05 13.71 13.26 11.62     ~ 364 1
24 NGC 3923 GiG 11 51 01.783 -28 48 22.36 11.41 10.59 9.80 8.88   ~ 459 1
25 NGC 4036 LIN 12 01 26.7603659808 +61 53 44.625848784   12.18 11.20     ~ 282 0
26 NGC 4073 BiC 12 04 27.0598775760 +01 53 45.611893752   13.8 13.21 14.249   ~ 211 1
27 NGC 4104 rG 12 06 38.9098151088 +28 10 27.184493280   13.7 13.58     ~ 114 1
28 NGC 4125 GiP 12 08 06.017 +65 10 26.88 11.14 10.65 9.72     ~ 448 2
29 NGC 4203 LIN 12 15 05.0549203560 +33 11 50.383965120   12.98 11.99     ~ 514 2
30 NGC 4261 LIN 12 19 23.2160630 +05 49 29.700024   13.92 12.87     ~ 1290 0
31 NGC 4283 GiG 12 20 20.7691223880 +29 18 39.154727556 13.47 13.00 12.07     ~ 209 1
32 NGC 4325 BiC 12 23 06.662 +10 37 16.45   15.0       ~ 140 1
33 M 84 Sy2 12 25 03.74333 +12 53 13.1393 12.67 12.09 10.49     ~ 1841 2
34 M 85 GiP 12 25 24.053 +18 11 27.89   10.2       ~ 678 0
35 NGC 4459 H2G 12 29 00.0329905416 +13 58 42.826603332   11.6       ~ 567 0
36 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2174 2
37 NGC 4476 GiG 12 29 59.0772974472 +12 20 55.292203464 13.28 13.01 12.19     ~ 340 1
38 NGC 4477 Sy2 12 30 02.1955766304 +13 38 11.543715888 11.98 11.38 10.42     ~ 419 2
39 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
40 NGC 4526 GiC 12 34 03.02853 +07 41 56.9040   10.6       ~ 707 0
41 M 89 Sy2 12 35 39.80733343 +12 33 22.8308657 11.29 10.73 9.75     ~ 1037 2
42 NGC 4596 GiP 12 39 55.9544722920 +10 10 34.185047628   12.4       ~ 387 0
43 NGC 4636 LIN 12 42 49.8333280080 +02 41 15.951929028   12.62 11.84     ~ 1156 1
44 M 60 GiC 12 43 39.9708251934 +11 33 09.688174067   10.3       ~ 1395 1
45 NGC 4696 rG 12 48 49.2724775784 -41 18 39.304053252   11.21   10.7   ~ 510 3
46 NGC 4710 H2G 12 49 38.958 +15 09 55.76   11.6       ~ 329 0
47 NGC 4782 rG 12 54 35.698 -12 34 06.92   13 12.75 13.11   ~ 158 2
48 NGC 5044 BiC 13 15 23.9607836592 -16 23 07.547751744   11.9   10.74   ~ 531 0
49 IC 4296 rG 13 36 39.03253319 -33 57 57.0730368   11.52 12.99 10.00 10.79 ~ 520 2
50 NGC 5353 rG 13 53 26.7104646981 +40 16 59.200050598   11.8   10.57   ~ 309 1
51 IC 1024 GiG 14 31 27.221 +03 00 32.78   13.87       ~ 127 1
52 NGC 5813 LIN 15 01 11.2302420864 +01 42 07.141569696 12.00 11.45 10.46 10.06   ~ 673 2
53 NGC 5846 rG 15 06 29.253 +01 36 20.29   11.9   9.74   ~ 891 2
54 M 102 SyG 15 06 29.561 +55 45 47.91 11.12 10.74 9.89     ~ 578 2
55 NGC 6338 Bla 17 15 22.9842192344 +57 24 40.346559927   14.2   8   ~ 205 2
56 IC 1262 rG 17 33 02.0176600056 +43 45 34.803150516   14.9       ~ 79 0
57 NGC 6482 GiG 17 51 48.8339247888 +23 04 18.889271112 12.71 12.35 11.45     ~ 220 1
58 NGC 6861 EmG 20 07 19.482 -48 22 12.94   12.01 11.10 10.43   ~ 211 0
59 IC 1459 rG 22 57 10.60682195 -36 27 43.9966421   10.96 11.85 9.34 10.3 ~ 652 2
60 NGC 7465 Sy2 23 02 00.9603717552 +15 57 53.236032120   13.3       ~ 333 0
61 NGC 7618 GiG 23 19 47.2346536992 +42 51 09.228387528   14.3       ~ 72 2

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