2019MNRAS.485.4311J

Query : 2019MNRAS.485.4311J

2019MNRAS.485.4311J - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 485, 4311-4329 (2019/May-3)

Light element discontinuities suggest an early termination of star formation in the globular cluster NGC 6402 (M14).

JOHNSON C.I., CALDWELL N., RICH R.M., MATEO M. and BAILEY J.I.

Abstract (from CDS):

NGC 6402 is among the most massive globular clusters in the Galaxy, but little is known about its detailed chemical composition. Therefore, we obtained radial velocities and/or chemical abundances of 11 elements for 41 red giant branch stars using high resolution spectra obtained with the Magellan-M2FS instrument. We find NGC 6402 to be only moderately metal-poor with <[Fe/H]> = -1.13 dex (σ = 0.05 dex) and to have a mean heliocentric radial velocity of -61.1 km s–1 (σ = 8.5 km s–1). In general, NGC 6402 exhibits mean composition properties that are similar to other inner Galaxy clusters, such as [α/Fe] ∼+0.3 dex, [Cr,Ni/Fe] ∼ 0.0 dex, and <[La/Eu]> = -0.08 dex. Similarly, we find large star-to-star abundance variations for O, Na, Mg, Al, and Si that are indicative of gas that experienced high temperature proton-capture burning. Interestingly, we not only detect three distinct populations but also find large gaps in the [O/Fe], [Na/Fe], and [Al/Fe] distributions that may provide the first direct evidence of delayed formation for intermediate composition stars. A qualitative enrichment model is discussed where clusters form stars through an early (≲5-10 Myr) phase, which results in first generation and 'extreme' composition stars, and a delayed phase (≳40 Myr), which results in the dilution of processed and pristine gas and the formation of intermediate composition stars. For NGC 6402, the missing intermediate composition stars suggest the delayed phase terminated prematurely, and as a result the cluster may uniquely preserve details of the chemical enrichment process.

Abstract Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: star clusters: individual: NGC 6402 (M14)

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/485/4311): table1.dat table23.dat table4a.dat>

Simbad objects: 61

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Number of rows : 61
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 2419 GlC 07 38 08.51 +38 52 54.9     10.05     ~ 998 0
2 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1540 0
3 NAME E 3 GlC 09 20 57.07 -77 16 54.8           ~ 185 0
4 Cl Ruprecht 106 GlC 12 38 40.20 -51 09 01.0           ~ 413 0
5 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
6 NGC 5253 rG 13 39 55.990 -31 38 24.11 11.48 10.94 10.49 10.33 13.47 ~ 1421 4
7 * alf Boo RG* 14 15 39.67207 +19 10 56.6730 2.46 1.18 -0.05 -1.03 -1.68 K1.5IIIFe-0.5 2417 1
8 NGC 5986 GlC 15 46 03.00 -37 47 11.1     6.92     ~ 408 0
9 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
10 M 19 GlC 17 02 37.69 -26 16 04.6   8.45 5.57     ~ 406 1
11 NGC 6388 GlC 17 36 17.461 -44 44 08.34           ~ 988 1
12 2MASS J17372576-0314077 RG* 17 37 25.76472 -03 14 07.7676           ~ 1 0
13 2MASS J17372832-0314210 RG* 17 37 28.32888 -03 14 21.0624           ~ 1 0
14 2MASS J17372950-0314302 RG* 17 37 29.50416 -03 14 30.2208           ~ 1 0
15 2MASS J17373006-0314502 RG* 17 37 30.06792 -03 14 50.2476           ~ 1 0
16 Cl* NGC 6402 SAW V179 RG* 17 37 30.4904593919 -03 15 53.052822105           ~ 3 0
17 2MASS J17373178-0313592 RG* 17 37 31.78152 -03 13 59.2032           ~ 1 0
18 2MASS J17373225-0311152 RG* 17 37 32.25792 -03 11 15.2736           ~ 1 0
19 2MASS J17373243-0313213 RG* 17 37 32.43144 -03 13 21.3420           ~ 1 0
20 2MASS J17373305-0311386 RG* 17 37 33.05016 -03 11 38.6700           ~ 1 0
21 Cl* NGC 6402 SAW V180 RG* 17 37 33.25440 -03 15 38.2824           ~ 2 0
22 2MASS J17373336-0315103 RG* 17 37 33.36144 -03 15 10.3320           ~ 1 0
23 Cl* NGC 6402 SAW V187 RG* 17 37 33.51288 -03 14 39.6312           ~ 2 0
24 2MASS J17373366-0312495 RG* 17 37 33.66240 -03 12 49.5900           ~ 1 0
25 2MASS J17373382-0315285 RG* 17 37 33.82392 -03 15 28.5300           ~ 1 0
26 2MASS J17373390-0313291 RG* 17 37 33.90792 -03 13 29.1684           ~ 1 0
27 2MASS J17373395-0313138 RG* 17 37 33.95328 -03 13 13.8108           ~ 1 0
28 2MASS J17373458-0315552 RG* 17 37 34.58328 -03 15 55.2096           ~ 1 0
29 2MASS J17373460-0314057 RG* 17 37 34.60608 -03 14 05.7660           ~ 1 0
30 2MASS J17373470-0315094 RG* 17 37 34.70424 -03 15 09.4500           ~ 1 0
31 2MASS J17373606-0315251 RG* 17 37 36.06144 -03 15 25.1352           ~ 1 0
32 M 14 GlC 17 37 36.15 -03 14 45.3   9.55 5.73     ~ 420 0
33 2MASS J17373691-0313304 RG* 17 37 36.91800 -03 13 30.4140           ~ 1 0
34 Cl* NGC 6402 SAW V193 RG* 17 37 37.96752 -03 14 12.0300           ~ 2 0
35 2MASS J17373815-0314496 RG* 17 37 38.15160 -03 14 49.6896           ~ 1 0
36 Cl* NGC 6402 SAW V194 RG* 17 37 38.64312 -03 13 44.5584           ~ 2 0
37 2MASS J17373909-0313237 RG* 17 37 39.09144 -03 13 23.7288           ~ 1 0
38 2MASS J17373921-0314264 RG* 17 37 39.21648 -03 14 26.4588           ~ 1 0
39 2MASS J17373944-0314480 RG* 17 37 39.44976 -03 14 48.0660           ~ 1 0
40 2MASS J17373961-0315269 RG* 17 37 39.61848 -03 15 26.9172           ~ 1 0
41 2MASS J17374031-0315544 RG* 17 37 40.31808 -03 15 54.4752           ~ 1 0
42 2MASS J17374053-0314592 RG* 17 37 40.53240 -03 14 59.2836           ~ 1 0
43 Cl* NGC 6402 SAW V181 RG* 17 37 40.93800 -03 15 32.7744           ~ 2 0
44 2MASS J17374103-0313167 RG* 17 37 41.03976 -03 13 16.7916           ~ 1 0
45 2MASS J17374139-0313528 RG* 17 37 41.39808 -03 13 52.8024           ~ 1 0
46 2MASS J17374163-0314213 RG* 17 37 41.63568 -03 14 21.3540           ~ 1 0
47 2MASS J17374212-0315069 RG* 17 37 42.12096 -03 15 06.9516           ~ 1 0
48 2MASS J17374273-0315238 RG* 17 37 42.73560 -03 15 23.8680           ~ 1 0
49 Cl* NGC 6402 SAW V155 RG* 17 37 43.09104 -03 14 04.4196           ~ 2 0
50 2MASS J17374421-0313013 RG* 17 37 44.21592 -03 13 01.3764           ~ 1 0
51 2MASS J17374450-0314255 RG* 17 37 44.50032 -03 14 25.5156           ~ 1 0
52 2MASS J17374518-0314040 RG* 17 37 45.18912 -03 14 04.0632           ~ 1 0
53 2MASS J17374581-0314407 RG* 17 37 45.81936 -03 14 40.7436           ~ 1 0
54 2MASS J17374610-0315079 RG* 17 37 46.10136 -03 15 07.9452           ~ 1 0
55 NGC 6426 GlC 17 44 54.71 +03 10 12.5           ~ 244 0
56 NGC 6441 GlC 17 50 13.06 -37 03 05.2           ~ 940 0
57 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1164 0
58 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
59 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2121 0
60 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1114 1
61 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4794 0

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