2020AJ....159...50G

Query : 2020AJ....159...50G

2020AJ....159...50G - Astron. J., 159, 50-50 (2020/February-0)

Identifying multiple populations in M71 using CN.

GERBER J.M., FRIEL E.D. and VESPERINI E.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have observed the CN features at ∼3800 and 4120 Å as well as the CH band at ∼4300 Å for 145 evolved stars in the Galactic globular cluster M71 using the multi-object spectrograph, Hydra, on the Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO-3.5 m telescope. We use these measurements to create two δCN indices finding that both distributions are best fit by two populations: a CN-enhanced and CN-normal. We find that 42% ± 4% of the red giant branch stars in our sample are CN-enhanced. The percentage of CN-enhanced is 40% ± 13% for the asymptotic giant branch and 33% ± 9% for the horizontal-branch stars (HB stars), which suggests there are no missing second generation stars at these stages of stellar evolution. The two generations also separate in magnitude and color on the HB, which allows us to find the difference in He abundance between the two populations by fitting appropriate zero-age horizontal branches. The broad range of distances from the cluster's center covered by our sample allows us to study the dependence of the ratio of the number of first to second population stars on the distance from the cluster's center, and we find that this ratio does not vary radially and that the two populations are spatially mixed. Finally, we compare our identification of multiple populations with the classification based on the Na-O anti-correlation and the Hubble Space Telescope UV photometry, and we find good agreement with both methods.

Abstract Copyright: © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): Globular star clusters - Stellar astronomy - Spectroscopy

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/AJ/159/50): table1.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 1: [GFV2020] NNNN N=151 among (Nos 2-2299).

Simbad objects: 163

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Number of rows : 163
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 4158 0
2 * c Vir RG* 12 20 20.9813922197 +03 18 45.255217001 7.27 6.12 4.96 4.07 3.46 K0.5IIIbFe-0.5 380 0
3 M 53 GlC 13 12 55.25 +18 10 05.4     7.79     ~ 907 0
4 M 3 GlC 13 42 11.62 +28 22 38.2     6.39     ~ 2593 0
5 M 5 GlC 15 18 33.22 +02 04 51.7     5.95     ~ 2095 0
6 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
7 M 13 GlC 16 41 41.634 +36 27 40.75     5.8     ~ 2291 0
8 NGC 6257 LSB 16 56 03.524 +39 38 43.81   15.6       ~ 32 0
9 M 10 GlC 16 57 09.05 -04 06 01.1     4.98     ~ 857 0
10 NGC 6397 GlC 17 40 42.09 -53 40 27.6     5.17     ~ 2103 0
11 2MASS J19532709+1845588 AB* 19 53 27.0923292930 +18 45 58.871491459   14.496 13.270 12.945   ~ 6 0
12 2MASS J19532925+1845584 RG* 19 53 29.2553945472 +18 45 58.448517660   14.17 13.01   11.77 ~ 8 0
13 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 130 RG* 19 53 34.2843653668 +18 46 55.045312000   16.29 15.01     ~ 11 0
14 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 39 RG* 19 53 34.7087926080 +18 46 21.418203252   15.51 14.09     ~ 18 0
15 2MASS J19533546+1845139 RG* 19 53 35.46072 +18 45 13.9248   18.32 17.46     ~ 1 0
16 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 126 RG* 19 53 35.9398867680 +18 47 56.491961496   15.442 14.503 14.526   ~ 6 0
17 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 127 HB* 19 53 35.97024 +18 47 34.9908   15.51 14.44     ~ 4 0
18 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 306 RG* 19 53 36.01416 +18 45 42.6060   16.48 15.59   14.61 ~ 3 0
19 Cl* NGC 6838 ASC 1926 RG* 19 53 36.147 +18 47 26.40   18.29 17.28     ~ 2 0
20 2MASS J19533626+1849297 RG* 19 53 36.2709805440 +18 49 29.706617892   14.97 13.41     ~ 12 0
21 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 302 RG* 19 53 36.2993047896 +18 46 19.869743568   16.85 15.62     ~ 5 0
22 2MASS J19533641+1846080 RG* 19 53 36.41472 +18 46 08.0400   15.19 14.19   13.10 ~ 2 0
23 2MASS J19533668+1844568 RG* 19 53 36.68376 +18 44 56.8752   18.7 17.77     ~ 2 0
24 [GFV2020] 1933 RG* 19 53 37.300 +18 44 43.80   18.81 17.91     ~ 1 0
25 Cl* NGC 6838 AH A9 RG* 19 53 37.4728877088 +18 44 59.689600692   14.51 12.94     ~ 67 0
26 NGC 6838 1077 RG* 19 53 37.5742734744 +18 47 28.603448124   14.447 12.762     ~ 63 0
27 Cl* NGC 6838 ASC 207 RG* 19 53 38.1401322576 +18 47 42.583074972   17.75 17.00     ~ 2 0
28 NGC 6838 1079 RG* 19 53 38.1787186920 +18 46 49.784450304   15.42 13.99     ~ 11 0
29 2MASS J19533822+1848307 RG* 19 53 38.22096 +18 48 30.7512   18.42 17.32     ~ 2 0
30 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 144 RG* 19 53 38.5429098984 +18 44 50.517878964   15.904 14.779     ~ 4 0
31 2MASS J19533892+1845197 RG* 19 53 38.92056 +18 45 19.7496   18.4 17.56     ~ 1 0
32 2MASS J19533911+1849099 RG* 19 53 39.11784 +18 49 09.9588   18.62 17.63     ~ 2 0
33 2MASS J19533918+1844030 RG* 19 53 39.1888482912 +18 44 02.994609048   15.312 13.972     ~ 5 0
34 Cl* NGC 6838 ASC 242 RG* 19 53 39.31440 +18 46 37.2072   18.55 17.56     ~ 2 0
35 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 119 HB* 19 53 39.6193110480 +18 48 56.976319800   15.63 14.52     ~ 4 0
36 Cl* NGC 6838 AH S RG* 19 53 39.8690554440 +18 43 52.997623356   14.45 12.94     ~ 58 0
37 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 152 RG* 19 53 39.8952710435 +18 44 22.885872441   16.29 15.03 14.829   ~ 10 0
38 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 310 RG* 19 53 40.08504 +18 44 57.3000   15.88 14.97   13.94 ~ 3 0
39 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 118 HB* 19 53 40.5666632784 +18 49 07.862318904   15.63 14.55     ~ 8 0
40 NGC 6838 1062 HB* 19 53 40.6116471000 +18 48 28.448574192   15.72 14.56     ~ 10 0
41 2MASS J19534081+1844156 RG* 19 53 40.81416 +18 44 15.6156   18.64 17.85     ~ 1 0
42 NGC 6838 1094 HB* 19 53 40.8815215567 +18 46 01.557605582   15.47 14.51     ~ 10 0
43 2MASS J19534103+1846056 AB* 19 53 41.0341710408 +18 46 05.602037268   14.63 13.39     ~ 39 0
44 Cl* NGC 6838 ZDA 4 HB* 19 53 41.0927344968 +18 44 11.215233456   15.47 14.40     ~ 26 0
45 NGC 6838 1075 RG* 19 53 41.5726140216 +18 47 43.035846108   16.14 14.85     ~ 35 0
46 NGC 6838 1059 RG* 19 53 41.788 +18 48 38.46   15.93 14.63     ~ 32 0
47 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 226 RG* 19 53 41.8593786432 +18 46 00.176367360   16.036 14.906     ~ 4 0
48 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 227 RG* 19 53 41.92176 +18 46 15.9996   16.19 15.06     ~ 2 0
49 NGC 6838 1072 RG* 19 53 42.2776029936 +18 46 56.387032032   14.97 14.04   13.00 ~ 15 0
50 2MASS J19534246+1848199 RG* 19 53 42.46152 +18 48 19.9368   18.31 17.34     ~ 1 0
51 2MASS J19534250+1845425 RG* 19 53 42.5071528344 +18 45 42.603674220   15.968 14.904     ~ 3 0
52 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 222 RG* 19 53 42.53448 +18 46 42.6612   16.22 14.99     ~ 2 0
53 NGC 6838 1073 RG* 19 53 42.5400492875 +18 47 08.411800679   15.99 14.79     ~ 27 0
54 NGC 6838 1090 RG* 19 53 42.7526063928 +18 45 00.437730588   14.94 14.04   13.04 ~ 16 0
55 2MASS J19534279+1849125 RG* 19 53 42.79032 +18 49 12.5832   18.67 17.92     ~ 2 0
56 2MASS J19534282+1846129 AB* 19 53 42.8185836384 +18 46 13.075488732   15.44 14.15     ~ 4 0
57 2MASS J19534288+1846374 AB* 19 53 42.8853219792 +18 46 37.466827572   14.83 13.70     ~ 20 0
58 UCAC4 544-110297 HB* 19 53 43.1096284247 +18 45 09.747957695   14.748 13.795 14.164   ~ 3 0
59 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 147 RG* 19 53 43.18368 +18 45 06.7356   16.14 15.00     ~ 16 0
60 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 215 RG* 19 53 43.24224 +18 47 54.5856   15.40 14.56   13.62 ~ 7 0
61 NGC 6838 1103 HB* 19 53 43.71312 +18 46 15.4704   15.2 14.33     ~ 4 0
62 NGC 6838 1071 RG* 19 53 43.7320780584 +18 47 33.685161000   13.95 12.76   11.51 ~ 36 0
63 NGC 6838 1106 HB* 19 53 43.9925950128 +18 46 32.284730280   15.25 14.36     ~ 4 0
64 2MASS J19534402+1844545 RG* 19 53 44.02536 +18 44 54.5064   16.5 15.48     ~ 2 0
65 NGC 6838 1068 RG* 19 53 44.0666429376 +18 47 10.397134500   15.64 14.33     ~ 9 0
66 NGC 6838 1067 RG* 19 53 44.0782945824 +18 46 59.747480400   14.51 13.50   12.42 ~ 7 0
67 2MASS J19534464+1845566 RG* 19 53 44.6460784224 +18 45 56.593411488   16.44 15.29     ~ 2 0
68 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 263 RG* 19 53 44.68464 +18 47 07.2852   16.20 15.05     ~ 20 0
69 2MASS J19534477+1846349 AB* 19 53 44.7709947960 +18 46 34.989387348   13.99 12.42     ~ 31 0
70 NGC 6838 1088 HB* 19 53 44.8073521615 +18 45 48.619543833   15.25 14.26     ~ 9 0
71 NGC 6838 1102 HB* 19 53 44.9511599136 +18 46 22.928928564   15.42 14.33     ~ 4 0
72 NGC 6838 1101 HB* 19 53 44.9624054544 +18 46 19.454090412   15.27 14.27     ~ 5 0
73 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 155 RG* 19 53 44.9786751216 +18 43 45.174782964   16.05 14.89     ~ 13 0
74 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 266 RG* 19 53 45.06888 +18 46 41.9196   16.15 15.09     ~ 2 0
75 2MASS J19534521+1848383 RG* 19 53 45.2176223544 +18 48 38.350227204   16.028 14.934     ~ 8 0
76 2MASS J19534528+1845204 RG* 19 53 45.28608 +18 45 20.4408   18.17 17.13     ~ 1 0
77 NGC 6838 1087 HB* 19 53 45.6130770672 +18 45 50.217499512   15.42 14.37     ~ 23 0
78 2MASS J19534565+1847109 RG* 19 53 45.65448 +18 47 10.9356   16.56 15.43     ~ 1 0
79 NGC 6838 1086 HB* 19 53 45.6776752800 +18 46 02.490229560   15.42 14.41     ~ 4 0
80 NGC 6838 1065 RG* 19 53 45.7373419920 +18 47 01.224384072   15.475 14.322     ~ 20 0
81 NGC 6838 1113 RG* 19 53 45.7626197880 +18 47 55.013762796   14.255 12.482     ~ 30 0
82 2MASS J19534582+1843435 RG* 19 53 45.8277700920 +18 43 43.521376620   16.039 14.943     ~ 13 0
83 2MASS J19534600+1845461 RG* 19 53 46.0062930054 +18 45 46.113569322 16.841 16.192 15.088 14.476 13.879 ~ 2 0
84 2MASS J19534602+1848038 RG* 19 53 46.02912 +18 48 03.8916   18.41 17.34     ~ 1 0
85 NGC 6838 1064 RG* 19 53 46.1566912560 +18 47 26.146446540   14.634 13.132   11.616 ~ 43 0
86 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 274 RG* 19 53 46.4243402665 +18 46 52.116369251 16.959 16.393 15.276 14.631 14.018 ~ 3 0
87 M 71 GlC 19 53 46.49 +18 46 45.1           ~ 1190 0
88 2MASS J19534656+1847441 AB* 19 53 46.5667655400 +18 47 44.258731800   14.79 13.53     ~ 29 0
89 NGC 6838 1083 RG* 19 53 46.6031608992 +18 46 41.147455044   14.8 13.34     ~ 5 0
90 Cl* NGC 6838 AH K RG* 19 53 46.6840708440 +18 44 42.346911624   16.04 14.83     ~ 9 0
91 NGC 6838 1003 RG* 19 53 46.72848 +18 45 00.5904   15.58 14.38     ~ 6 0
92 2MASS J19534702+1848501 RG* 19 53 47.02656 +18 48 50.1552   17.39 16.32     ~ 1 0
93 2MASS J19534715+1848012 AB* 19 53 47.1520578456 +18 48 01.320010812   14.78 13.44     ~ 8 0
94 2MASS J19534721+1846537 AB* 19 53 47.211 +18 46 53.76   14.610 13.131     ~ 16 0
95 NGC 6838 1042 HB* 19 53 47.3695979832 +18 47 16.439609076   15.24 14.22     ~ 5 0
96 2MASS J19534743+1843433 RG* 19 53 47.43528 +18 43 43.3488   18.21 17.21     ~ 2 0
97 Cl* NGC 6838 AH H RG* 19 53 47.4715171200 +18 46 51.158511948   14 12.140   10.098 ~ 11 0
98 2MASS J19534750+1846169 AB* 19 53 47.5108324968 +18 46 17.016728880   14.51 13.02     ~ 53 0
99 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 239 RG* 19 53 47.6420786664 +18 45 44.197620084   15.12 14.22   13.23 ~ 9 0
100 2MASS J19534796+1845493 RG* 19 53 47.9658672816 +18 45 49.338127908   15.487 14.292   12.978 ~ 4 0
101 2MASS J19534817+1845243 RG* 19 53 48.1766348352 +18 45 24.318030024   15.01 14.08   13.05 ~ 4 0
102 NGC 6838 1045 RG* 19 53 48.2738208408 +18 48 02.321225604   14.080 12.346   10.657 ~ 58 0
103 2MASS J19534828+1848253 AB* 19 53 48.2880658344 +18 48 25.408651716   14.62 13.25     ~ 20 0
104 NGC 6838 1054 HB* 19 53 48.3874473048 +18 48 45.014952960   15.52 14.49     ~ 8 0
105 2MASS J19534850+1845121 RG* 19 53 48.50208 +18 45 12.1896   18.43 17.63     ~ 1 0
106 Cl* NGC 6838 AH C RG* 19 53 48.5475438888 +18 44 49.146918936   15.65 14.580   13.371 ~ 21 0
107 2MASS J19534866+1845276 RG* 19 53 48.66216 +18 45 27.6300   15.77 14.65     ~ 1 0
108 NGC 6838 1038 XB* 19 53 48.9548787936 +18 47 13.830317340 16.16 15.21 15.06   13.61 ~ 9 1
109 2MASS J19534905+1846461 RG* 19 53 49.0505717008 +18 46 46.151122759 17.109 16.504 15.378 14.737 14.120 ~ 2 0
110 2MASS J19534905+1846003 AB* 19 53 49.0521804168 +18 46 00.313651704   14.56 13.29     ~ 41 0
111 NGC 6838 1035 RG* 19 53 49.1649841224 +18 46 51.227118120   14.997 13.709     ~ 9 0
112 Cl* NGC 6838 ST 3 AB* 19 53 49.4167274736 +18 44 26.838161556   13.859 12.030 11.391   M2 26 0
113 Cl* NGC 6838 AH M RG* 19 53 49.4503511592 +18 44 40.261168068   16.68 15.64     ~ 7 0
114 2MASS J19534969+1850489 AB* 19 53 49.6990535832 +18 50 48.908062896   14.66 13.37     G8III 17 0
115 [GFV2020] 2072 RG* 19 53 49.720 +18 48 32.10   18.52 17.67     ~ 1 0
116 NGC 6838 1034 HB* 19 53 49.8634536552 +18 47 00.376855980   15.5 14.45     ~ 21 0
117 2MASS J19534998+1846542 RG* 19 53 49.98000 +18 46 54.2784   16.44 15.19     ~ 1 0
118 NGC 6838 1111 RG* 19 53 50.1888910056 +18 45 52.565276844   16.023 14.914     ~ 15 0
119 NGC 6838 1033 HB* 19 53 50.4339236592 +18 47 05.624025504   15.34 14.31     ~ 9 0
120 NGC 6838 1053 RG* 19 53 50.6409291720 +18 49 07.531926240   14.58 12.97   11.527 ~ 67 0
121 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 202 RG* 19 53 50.6743605138 +18 48 47.728092024 17.014 16.362 15.221 14.585 13.974 ~ 7 0
122 UCAC4 544-110579 RG* 19 53 50.8895960164 +18 46 01.884248627   15.48 14.58 15.274 13.58 ~ 2 0
123 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 199 RG* 19 53 50.9735959800 +18 48 28.660569588 17.201 16.690 15.542 14.923 14.309 ~ 5 0
124 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 200 RG* 19 53 51.07152 +18 48 24.6132   16.83 15.53     ~ 3 0
125 2MASS J19535113+1846107 HB* 19 53 51.1384883928 +18 46 10.762219524   15.46 14.40     ~ 3 0
126 NGC 6838 1051 RG* 19 53 51.2031871344 +18 48 30.957112548   15.62 14.391   13.109 ~ 12 0
127 UCAC4 544-110591 RG* 19 53 51.3254793901 +18 45 48.689082198   15.81 15.06 15.775 14.16 ~ 2 0
128 2MASS J19535144+1845253 RG* 19 53 51.4440575376 +18 45 25.358857812   15.978 14.877     ~ 3 0
129 NGC 6838 1046 RG* 19 53 51.5034366408 +18 48 06.095443860   13.955 12.332 11.804   M0: 39 0
130 2MASS J19535184+1846049 HB* 19 53 51.84984 +18 46 04.9512   15.5 14.43     ~ 1 0
131 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 197 RG* 19 53 52.06752 +18 48 08.7372   16.32 15.28     ~ 2 0
132 NGC 6838 1001 RG* 19 53 52.3670642088 +18 44 54.189746376   15.309 14.130     ~ 25 0
133 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 196 RG* 19 53 52.8313575978 +18 47 37.686738738 17.315 16.749 15.651 15.028 14.438 ~ 7 0
134 UCAC4 545-110856 RG* 19 53 53.0038183657 +18 49 22.939827643   17.16 16.07 15.939   ~ 3 0
135 Cl* NGC 6838 ZDA 18 RG* 19 53 53.2569747960 +18 46 47.152843176   13.89 12.20     ~ 68 0
136 2MASS J19535341+1846287 RG* 19 53 53.41704 +18 46 28.7004   16.25 15.03     ~ 1 0
137 [GFV2020] 1434 RG* 19 53 53.570 +18 45 24.70   17.57 16.80     ~ 1 0
138 Cl* NGC 6838 AH A3 HB* 19 53 53.6988903096 +18 46 03.993125304   15.47 14.43     ~ 7 0
139 NGC 6838 1050 HB* 19 53 53.7265322640 +18 48 41.989483044   15.56 14.46     ~ 9 0
140 2MASS J19535375+1849209 RG* 19 53 53.75904 +18 49 20.9172   18.7 17.93     ~ 1 0
141 NGC 6838 1029 AB* 19 53 54.0050419296 +18 47 03.412122468   14.6 12.76 12.327   M3 13 0
142 Cl* NGC 6838 AH A2 RG* 19 53 54.1945915992 +18 45 32.700521412   15.73 14.53   12.71 ~ 33 0
143 2MASS J19535422+1845467 RG* 19 53 54.22704 +18 45 46.7964   17.63 16.51     ~ 1 0
144 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 169 HB* 19 53 54.7461390912 +18 44 57.725994336   14.38 13.57 14.06 12.60 ~ 21 1
145 2MASS J19535507+1845344 AB* 19 53 55.0743072192 +18 45 34.482749544   15.03 13.77     ~ 12 0
146 NGC 6838 1028 RG* 19 53 55.3468283136 +18 47 24.740888460   15.997 14.893     ~ 8 0
147 NGC 6838 1015 HB* 19 53 55.3609128456 +18 45 57.512239884   15.55 14.40     ~ 3 0
148 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 183 RG* 19 53 55.3699682448 +18 46 46.918364484 17.339 16.772 15.683 15.069 14.476 ~ 6 0
149 NGC 6838 1048 HB* 19 53 55.6091994504 +18 48 08.396233092   15.46 14.39     ~ 18 0
150 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 191 RG* 19 53 55.67304 +18 47 51.0144   15.18 14.26   13.24 ~ 7 0
151 V* Z Sge Mi* 19 53 56.1079142016 +18 47 16.744567488   14.548 13.142 12.124   M6III: 38 0
152 2MASS J19535615+1848493 RG* 19 53 56.15304 +18 48 49.3596   17.22 16.25     ~ 1 0
153 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 170 RG* 19 53 56.2076183396 +18 45 26.554507103 17.270 16.740 15.608 14.964 14.330 ~ 7 0
154 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 177 RG* 19 53 56.81280 +18 45 55.7892   14.47 13.67   12.73 ~ 8 0
155 2MASS J19535691+1847326 RG* 19 53 56.91960 +18 47 32.6976   17.09 16.14     ~ 1 0
156 2MASS J19535699+1846031 RG* 19 53 56.99256 +18 46 03.1368   18.31 17.34     ~ 1 0
157 2MASS J19535764+1847570 RG* 19 53 57.6464656104 +18 47 57.076716552   14.896 13.563   12.167 ~ 21 0
158 UCAC4 544-110749 RG* 19 53 58.3657570567 +18 47 09.585617824   17.05 15.91 15.911   ~ 4 0
159 2MASS J19535862+1846107 RG* 19 53 58.62096 +18 46 10.7508   16.53 15.70   14.74 ~ 3 0
160 2MASS J19540075+1849061 AB* 19 54 00.7563767712 +18 49 06.157453224   13.87 12.61     ~ 12 0
161 Cl* NGC 6838 KC 27 HB* 19 54 02.5581712008 +18 45 43.399785024   15.29 14.10     ~ 15 0
162 2MASS J19540349+1846585 HB* 19 54 03.5003649336 +18 46 58.561136796   15.4 14.34     ~ 14 0
163 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1114 1

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