2020ApJ...897..177P

Query : 2020ApJ...897..177P

2020ApJ...897..177P - Astrophys. J., 897, 177-177 (2020/July-2)

Blazars at the cosmic dawn.

PALIYA V.S., AJELLO M., CAO H.-M., GIROLETTI M., KAUR A., MADEJSKI G., LOTT B. and HARTMANN D.

Abstract (from CDS):

The uncharted territory of the high-redshift (z >= 3) universe holds the key to understanding the evolution of quasars. In an attempt to identify the most extreme members of the quasar population, that is, blazars, we have carried out a multiwavelength study of a large sample of radio-loud quasars beyond z = 3. Our sample consists of nine γ-ray-detected blazars and 133 candidate blazars selected based on the flatness of their soft X-ray spectra (0.3-10 keV photon index <=1.75), including 15 with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observations. The application of the likelihood profile stacking technique reveals that the high-redshift blazars are faint γ-ray emitters with steep spectra. The high-redshift blazars host massive black holes (<logMBH,M☉>> 9) and luminous accretion disks (<Ldisk>> 1046 erg s–1). Their broadband spectral energy distributions are found to be dominated by high-energy radiation, indicating their jets are among the most luminous ones. Focusing on the sources exhibiting resolved X-ray jets (as observed with the Chandra satellite), we find the bulk Lorentz factor to be larger with respect to other z > 3 blazars, indicating faster moving jets. We conclude that the presented list of high-redshift blazars may act as a reservoir for follow-up observations, such as with NuSTAR, to understand the evolution of relativistic jets at the dawn of the universe.

Abstract Copyright: © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): Blazars - Active galactic nuclei - High-redshift galaxies - Radiative processes

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/897/177): table1.dat table3.dat table5.dat table7.dat>

Simbad objects: 142

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Number of rows : 142
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 TXS 2358+189 Bla 00 01 08.62156616 +19 14 33.8017136     20.5 20.50   ~ 41 1
2 [VV2006] J000657.5+141546 QSO 00 06 57.5304443208 +14 15 46.772577684   20.5 20.5     ~ 15 1
3 6C 001403+811827 BLL 00 17 08.47489694 +81 35 08.1365094   17.60 16.52 15.95   ~ 405 1
4 [VV2006] J012100.2-280624 QSO 01 21 00.2214 -28 06 24.750   20.52       ~ 6 0
5 [VV2006] J012201.9+031003 Bla 01 22 01.9106 +03 10 02.431     20.07 20   ~ 21 1
6 PMN J0131-1009 Rad 01 31 26.7133779816 -10 09 31.152482244           ~ 11 0
7 QSO J0131-0321 QSO 01 31 27.3474070344 -03 21 00.075737592           ~ 47 0
8 QSO B0201+113 Bla 02 03 46.65705710 +11 34 45.4094619   19.5 19.5 19.41   ~ 216 1
9 SDSS J020624.40-091617.3 QSO 02 06 24.4111649952 -09 16 17.315879628           ~ 10 1
10 SDSS J022251.76-050712.5 QSO 02 22 51.7665635976 -05 07 12.538342560           ~ 13 0
11 LAMOST J023219.58+201204.0 QSO 02 32 19.580 +20 12 04.00           ~ 3 0
12 ICRF J025759.0+433837 QSO 02 57 59.07770913 +43 38 37.6752143           ~ 27 1
13 QSO B0256-393 Bla 02 58 14.0450575104 -39 09 40.686258456     19.32 20.3   ~ 30 1
14 QSO J0324-2918 Bla 03 24 44.2954658256 -29 18 21.220152624     18.66 19.41   ~ 54 1
15 QSO B0335-122 Bla 03 37 55.4513467728 -12 04 04.551994488   21.018 20.110 20.199   ~ 88 1
16 QSO B0336-017 Bla 03 39 00.98616588 -01 33 17.6076051   20.1 19.1 18.8   ~ 121 2
17 ICRF J042457.6+080517 Bla 04 24 57.60286442 +08 05 17.3271370       20.00   ~ 32 1
18 ICRF J042835.6+173223 BLL 04 28 35.6336816232 +17 32 23.590782096       18.06   ~ 40 1
19 2MASS J05055587-2930383 Bla 05 05 55.8491656824 -29 30 38.401930980   19.57   17.59   ~ 16 1
20 QSO J0525-3343 Bla 05 25 06.1749810960 -33 43 05.643939828     18.50 18.5   ~ 62 1
21 ICRF J052506.5-233810 BLL 05 25 06.5059133064 -23 38 10.808618892   18.36   17.74   ~ 51 1
22 QSO B0537-286 Bla 05 39 54.28147904 -28 39 55.9481236   19.70 20.0 18.789   ~ 314 1
23 QSO B0610-436 BLL 06 12 28.6052460960 -43 37 48.381234816     19.0     ~ 31 1
24 6C 062051+385831 Bla 06 24 19.02128805 +38 56 48.7360344   20.0 20.0 19.24   ~ 83 1
25 QSO B0636+68 BLL 06 42 04.2572705040 +67 58 35.620484340     16.46 16.01   ~ 234 1
26 7C 064253.00+445430.00 Bla 06 46 32.02599653 +44 51 16.5901185   19.57 18.49 18.64   ~ 370 1
27 [VV2006] J072518.3+370517 QSO 07 25 18.21 +37 05 19.3   24.32 21.09 19.5 18.7 ~ 11 0
28 ICRF J073357.4+045614 Bla 07 33 57.45989369 +04 56 14.4965996       19.15   ~ 58 1
29 SDSS J073631.19+284036.7 QSO 07 36 31.1983692144 +28 40 36.805778400           ~ 15 1
30 2MASS J07415470+2520294 QSO 07 41 54.7157646024 +25 20 29.575028292           ~ 12 0
31 SDSS J074922.31+182837.3 QSO 07 49 22.3216536144 +18 28 37.357943808           ~ 10 0
32 [VV2006] J075113.1+312038 QSO 07 51 13.0540750896 +31 20 38.013372204   21.52 20.61     ~ 35 0
33 QSO J0753+4231 QSO 07 53 03.3374580696 +42 31 30.765827964   19.16 18.43     ~ 91 1
34 6C 080047+615309 Bla 08 05 18.17956222 +61 44 23.7005580       19.64   ~ 154 1
35 [VV2006] J081009.9+384756 Bla 08 10 09.9573700608 +38 47 57.082826868   21.24 20.38 19.8   ~ 51 0
36 QSO J0813+3508 QSO 08 13 33.3272185776 +35 08 10.787201808   24.72 22.54     ~ 48 1
37 QSO J0816+4823 QSO 08 16 18.9961577208 +48 23 28.468011444   20.77 19.89     ~ 50 1
38 CRATES J083318-045450 AG? 08 33 18.486 -04 54 59.61           ~ 22 1
39 QSO J0833+0959 QSO 08 33 22.4989675248 +09 59 41.202402252   20.33 19.59     ~ 47 1
40 SDSS J083549.42+182520.0 QSO 08 35 49.4270 +18 25 20.055           ~ 19 1
41 SDSS J083643.85+005453.3 QSO 08 36 43.8598536120 +00 54 53.233681320   26.19 24.17     ~ 170 0
42 SDSS J083910.89+200207.3 QSO 08 39 10.8994134984 +20 02 07.334544156   20.46 20.22     ~ 35 1
43 [VV2006] J083946.1+511203 QSO 08 39 46.2164854008 +51 12 02.827270296   22.29 20.66 18.9 18.3 ~ 72 1
44 SDSS J085111.59+142337.7 QSO 08 51 11.5985268456 +14 23 37.714007112   22.80 21.59     ~ 20 0
45 SDSS J085113.41+483031.1 QSO 08 51 13.419 +48 30 31.50           ~ 8 0
46 SDSS J085257.12+243103.1 QSO 08 52 57.1213050144 +24 31 03.182860416   21.02 20.28     ~ 39 1
47 [VV2006] J085641.5+424254 QSO 08 56 41.5652334432 +42 42 53.989227396   19.47 19.07     ~ 36 0
48 QSO J0906+6930 Bla 09 06 30.74874670 +69 30 30.8287169       21.65   ~ 96 1
49 QSO J0909+0354 Bla 09 09 15.9111043848 +03 54 42.745535496   19.3 21.60     ~ 49 1
50 7C 091107.79+505115.00 QSO 09 14 36.2226538656 +50 38 48.537761388           ~ 14 1
51 QSO B0913+003 BLL 09 15 51.69513598 +00 07 13.3089688   21.7 21.70 19.5   ~ 45 1
52 [VV2006] J091824.4+063654 QSO 09 18 24.3794748888 +06 36 53.419791528   22.23 21.02 19.5 18.6 ~ 56 1
53 9C J0933+2845 QSO 09 33 37.2819249600 +28 45 32.315668668   19.63 17.94 17.50   ~ 83 1
54 AT20G J094155-861502 Bla 09 41 55.61531 -86 15 01.8171       19.00   ~ 9 0
55 SDSS J100724.87+580203.8 BLL 10 07 24.8808432048 +58 02 03.454849392       17.1   ~ 26 1
56 [VV2006] J101110.8+423937 QSO 10 11 10.7639486976 +42 39 37.122820380   19.89 19.07     ~ 39 1
57 6C 101044+343724 QSO 10 13 36.2247868944 +34 23 17.694903588           ~ 17 1
58 7C 101358.5+205256 Bla 10 16 44.32210575 +20 37 47.3053485   19.67 19.41 18.67   ~ 91 1
59 7C 102336.6+255813 QSO 10 26 23.62115 +25 42 59.4292   24.98 23.18     ~ 86 1
60 SDSS J102651.13+263410.4 QSO 10 26 51.1389865104 +26 34 10.514169948           ~ 7 0
61 QSO B1026-084 Bla 10 28 38.79646593 -08 44 38.5362663     21.00 19.6   ~ 77 1
62 SDSS J103717.72+182303.0 QSO 10 37 17.7301065552 +18 23 03.089060844   22.25 21.04     ~ 15 0
63 [VV2006] J104106.0+144417 QSO 10 41 06.0425004888 +14 44 17.441176560   20.69 20.19     ~ 27 0
64 QSO B1050-0000 QSO 10 53 20.4267162840 -00 16 49.652922360   22.49 20.77     ~ 65 0
65 AT20G J110050-424913 Bla 11 00 50.3175944184 -42 49 13.302859908       18.94   ~ 16 1
66 7C 112614.2+234250 QSO 11 28 51.6948895128 +23 26 17.349546084     17.80     ~ 32 1
67 [VV2006] J113429.3+405327 QSO 11 34 29.2619185848 +40 53 27.322215756   19.28 19.04     ~ 31 0
68 QSO J1146+4037 QSO 11 46 57.7910518704 +40 37 08.602166820   24.80 22.78     ~ 60 0
69 6C 114530+531412 QSO 11 48 16.0998425976 +52 58 59.309585184           ~ 23 1
70 [VV98] J115016.5+433205 Bla 11 50 16.60280297 +43 32 05.9063832     20.30 19.28   ~ 52 1
71 ICRF J115503.1-310758 Bla 11 55 03.15768331 -31 07 58.7280838       19.10   ~ 29 1
72 [VV2000] J122135.6+280614 QSO 12 21 35.6445964968 +28 06 13.906166148   20.62 20.00     ~ 35 0
73 SDSS J122201.83+260414.9 QSO 12 22 01.8304 +26 04 15.006           ~ 12 1
74 6C 122116+505501 BLL 12 23 43.1690899704 +50 37 53.412268908   18.62 18.05     ~ 55 1
75 QSO B1228-113 Bla 12 30 55.5556807872 -11 39 09.791771256   22.010   19.115   ~ 81 1
76 SDSS J123142.17+381658.9 QSO 12 31 42.1733201928 +38 16 59.050272720   22.18 21.20     ~ 33 1
77 NVSS J123157-074717 Rad 12 31 57.68 -07 47 17.8           ~ 2 1
78 QSO J1235-0003 QSO 12 35 03.0467575584 -00 03 31.746486564   23.96 22.46     ~ 50 0
79 NVSS J123506+401510 Rad 12 35 06.43 +40 15 10.5           ~ 2 0
80 6C 123945+373654 QSO 12 42 09.81238457 +37 20 05.6921765   20.60 19.82     ~ 82 1
81 QSO J1242+5422 QSO 12 42 30.5903382528 +54 22 57.471407076   24.87 22.63     ~ 40 1
82 QSO B1251-407 Bla 12 53 59.53371155 -40 59 30.6858434   23.7 19.9 19.9   ~ 54 1
83 SDSS J130432.00+592558.5 QSO 13 04 32.006 +59 25 58.50           ~ 8 0
84 [VV2006] J130756.8+042215 QSO 13 07 56.7295006632 +04 22 15.566255760   18.71 18.35     ~ 42 0
85 [VV2006] J130940.6+573309 QSO 13 09 40.6881155592 +57 33 09.929512008   21.94 20.68 19.5   ~ 40 0
86 SDSS J131453.89+474259.9 QSO 13 14 53.8833023832 +47 43 00.034437684           ~ 13 1
87 6C 131718+623249 QSO 13 19 07.4843 +62 17 21.339   19.66 19.38     ~ 38 1
88 [VV2006] J132512.5+112330 QSO 13 25 12.4927366824 +11 23 29.838681816   22.66 20.95     ~ 60 0
89 SDSS J133605.56+070718.8 QSO 13 36 05.5680860717 +07 07 18.917909712   22.03 21.18     ~ 21 1
90 [VV2006] J133701.4-024630 BLL 13 37 01.3951555392 -02 46 30.254123460   19.50 19.11     ~ 42 0
91 [VV98] J134328.8+572148 BLL 13 43 28.7199941904 +57 21 47.062806660   18.28 18.05     ~ 54 1
92 QSO B1351-018 Bla 13 54 06.89532721 -02 06 03.1904962   20.62 19.91 19.277   ~ 177 1
93 QSO B1354-174 Bla 13 57 06.07420758 -17 44 01.9049954   19 19 18   ~ 93 1
94 QSO J1400+3149 QSO 14 00 25.4166065664 +31 49 10.672950036           ~ 19 0
95 QSO B1402+044 Bla 14 05 01.11981857 +04 15 35.8188818   19.86 19.53 19.22   ~ 204 1
96 SDSS J141209.96+062406.8 QSO 14 12 09.9691953864 +06 24 06.868135080   22.56 21.35     ~ 43 1
97 [VV2006] J141318.9+450523 Bla 14 13 18.8641 +45 05 23.012   20.70 19.98 19.27   ~ 50 1
98 SDSS J141919.58+075930.6 QSO 14 19 19.5863141328 +07 59 30.650360388           ~ 16 0
99 QSO B1418-064 Bla 14 21 07.75560722 -06 43 56.3557864   20.4 18.50 19.1   ~ 78 1
100 6C 142744+541929 Bla 14 29 21.87879031 +54 06 11.1228062   20.73 20.39 20.5   ~ 108 1
101 7C 1428+4218 Bla 14 30 23.74163471 +42 04 36.4910561   24.43 22.04 20.2   ~ 157 1
102 6C 143400+544902 QSO 14 35 33.7785 +54 35 59.308   21.67 20.87     ~ 46 1
103 QSO B1445+101 Bla 14 45 16.46525080 +09 58 36.0727447   18.58 17.78     ~ 408 2
104 [VV2006] J145147.1-151220 QSO 14 51 47.0510334120 -15 12 20.230974720     19.14     ~ 28 0
105 ICRF J145935.4+444207 Bla 14 59 35.45809509 +44 42 07.9199524       19.40   ~ 48 1
106 QSO J1503+0419 QSO 15 03 28.8873529680 +04 19 48.993415428   19.86 18.89     ~ 72 1
107 QSO B1508+572 QSO 15 10 02.92237321 +57 02 43.3759220   22.73 21.38 19.23   ~ 223 1
108 SDSS J153533.88+025423.3 QSO 15 35 33.8865473520 +02 54 23.444408556           ~ 21 1
109 QSO J1559+0304 Bla 15 59 30.97261910 +03 04 48.2567339     19.8 19.77   ~ 86 1
110 QSO J1606+3124 QSO 16 06 08.51837827 +31 24 46.4577593       22.56   ~ 47 1
111 QSO B1607+1819 QSO 16 10 05.2857949488 +18 11 43.422501444     18.5     ~ 61 1
112 QSO B1614+051 Bla 16 16 37.55681923 +04 59 32.7365717   19.60 19.17 19.49   ~ 195 2
113 4C -06.46 Bla 16 24 32.92674141 -06 49 49.6264171       19.5   ~ 37 1
114 7C 163359.70+363536.00 QSO 16 35 47.2368907728 +36 29 30.016607712           ~ 42 1
115 [VV2006] J163950.5+434004 QSO 16 39 50.5194357432 +43 40 03.701223408   19.59 18.67 17.8 17.4 ~ 45 1
116 [VV2006] J164326.2+410343 QSO 16 43 26.2370447184 +41 03 43.441300332 23.11 21.79 20.81     ~ 34 1
117 7C 165326.60+324726.00 QSO 16 55 19.2258510240 +32 42 41.048923644   20.04 19.80     ~ 38 1
118 QSO J1658-0739 Bla 16 58 44.06196578 -07 39 17.6944850       18.76   ~ 62 1
119 QSO J1659+2101 QSO 16 59 13.2291680880 +21 01 15.797607960   24.97 23.17     ~ 38 0
120 QSO B1713+218 QSO 17 15 21.253 +21 45 31.84     21.00     ~ 24 1
121 [VV2006] J171957.8+263417 QSO 17 19 57.8173224240 +26 34 16.646677248   21.03 20.66     ~ 32 0
122 4C 62.29 QSO 17 46 14.03413499 +62 26 54.7383195   20.91 19.51     ~ 124 1
123 7C 175431.80+673751.00 QSO 17 54 22.1396339472 +67 37 36.168569076     19.23     ~ 13 1
124 QSO J1840+3900 Bla 18 40 57.15422373 +39 00 45.7240946     19.20 19.14   ~ 58 1
125 QSO B1925-610 Bla 19 30 06.16008387 -60 56 09.1841871   20.57   19.86   ~ 64 1
126 QSO B1937-1009 BLL 19 39 57.2566747152 -10 02 41.522299692   18.800 19.0 17.188   ~ 207 1
127 QSO J1940-6907 QSO 19 40 25.52815148 -69 07 56.9717355   18.36 18.8     ~ 118 1
128 ICRF J195136.0+013442 Bla 19 51 36.01845207 +01 34 42.7140712       19.40   ~ 36 1
129 QSO B2000-330 Bla 20 03 24.1161711720 -32 51 45.136882080   18.83 18.4 17.11   ~ 279 1
130 ICRF J204310.2+125513 Bla 20 43 10.20917899 +12 55 13.5690475       20.20   ~ 27 1
131 5C 8.146 Bla 20 50 51.13146726 +31 27 27.3741323     19.7 15.9   ~ 92 1
132 QSO J2102+6015 Bla 21 02 40.21905211 +60 15 09.8365719           ~ 31 1
133 QSO B2126-15 Bla 21 29 12.17589329 -15 38 41.0419083   17.61 17.3 17.3   ~ 521 1
134 QSO J2134-0419 QSO 21 34 12.0103883184 -04 19 09.866519544     19.98     ~ 31 1
135 QSO B2215+020 Bla 22 17 48.23793476 +02 20 10.7118477   21.840 20.420 20.140   ~ 67 1
136 [VV2006] J221935.3-271903 QSO 22 19 35.32023991 -27 19 03.2944061     19.72     ~ 34 1
137 [VV98] J225153.6+221736 Bla 22 51 53.4947653800 +22 17 37.257642708     20.20 19.6   ~ 60 1
138 SDSS J230959.81+173356.6 QSO 23 09 59.8126581528 +17 33 56.664713664           ~ 8 1
139 NVSS J231121+342100 QSO 23 11 21.8165606328 +34 21 00.482195880           ~ 9 1
140 [VV2006] J231448.7+020151 QSO 23 14 48.7159854264 +02 01 51.111292944     19.87     ~ 25 1
141 QSO B2332-094 QSO 23 34 46.4045250120 -09 08 12.250650732   19.21 18.62 18.07   ~ 89 1
142 SDSS J235758.55+140201.8 QSO 23 57 58.5528688632 +14 02 01.873970052           ~ 16 1

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