2020MNRAS.491.5101A

Query : 2020MNRAS.491.5101A

2020MNRAS.491.5101A - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 491, 5101-5125 (2020/February-1)

The Smallest Scale of Hierarchy survey (SSH) - I. Survey description.

ANNIBALI F., BECCARI G., BELLAZZINI M., TOSI M., CUSANO F., PARIS D., CIGNONI M., CIOTTI L., NIPOTI C. and SACCHI E.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Smallest Scale of Hierarchy (SSH) survey is an ongoing strategic large program at the Large Binocular Telescope, aimed at the detection of faint stellar streams and satellites around 45 late-type dwarf galaxies located in the Local Universe within ≃10 Mpc. SSH exploits the wide-field, deep photometry provided by the Large Binocular Cameras in the two wide filters g and r. This paper describes the survey, its goals, and the observational and data reduction strategies. We present preliminary scientific results for five representative cases (UGC 12613, NGC 2366, UGC 685, NGC 5477, and UGC 4426) covering the whole distance range spanned by the SSH targets. We reach a surface brightness (SB) limit as faint as µ(r) ∼ 31 mag arcsec-2 both for targets closer than 4-5 Mpc, which are resolved into individual stars, and for more distant targets through the diffuse light. Our analysis reveals the presence of extended low SB stellar envelopes around the dwarfs, reaching farther out than what traced by the integrated light, and as far out as, or even beyond, the observed H I disc. Stellar streams, arcs, and peculiar features are detected in some cases, indicating possible perturbation, accretion, or merging events. We also report on the discovery of an extreme case of Ultra Diffuse Galaxy (µg(0) = 27.9 mag arcsec-2) in the background of one of our targets, to illustrate the power of the survey in revealing extremely low SB systems.

Abstract Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: formation - galaxies: individual: UGC 12613 - NGC 2366 - UGC 685 - NGC 5477 - UGC 4426 - galaxies: interactions - galaxies: irregular - galaxies: stellar content

Nomenclature: Fig. 19, Table 2: [ABB2020] SSH-UDG1 N=1.

Simbad objects: 102

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Number of rows : 102
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
2 NGC 253 SyG 00 47 33.134 -25 17 19.68   8.03   6.94 8.1 ~ 3588 2
3 Z 458-20 AG? 01 07 23.0321 +16 41 00.988 15.01 14.55 14.07     ~ 148 0
4 LEDA 5057055 AG? 01 41 08.00 +27 19 20.0           ~ 32 0
5 LEDA 138451 AG? 01 42 17.40 +26 22 00.0   16.6       ~ 46 0
6 LEDA 166062 AG? 01 44 42.3853 +27 17 16.156   17.1       ~ 46 0
7 LEDA 166063 G 01 46 42.2 +26 48 05   18.22       ~ 42 0
8 IC 1727 GiP 01 47 29.890 +27 20 00.06   12.54 11.98 11.77   ~ 216 0
9 NGC 672 GiP 01 47 54.4764771528 +27 25 58.020709728 12.04 11.60 11.09 10.81   ~ 304 0
10 Z 503-26 LSB 01 49 31.71 +32 35 16.2   13.0       ~ 171 0
11 LEDA 212843 G 01 49 42.7235426472 +32 37 30.727748316           ~ 13 1
12 [ABB2020] SSH-UDG1 LSB 01 49 50.92 +32 37 41.9           ~ 2 0
13 Z 503-34 GiG 01 50 46.8183518904 +32 32 48.013206036   15.0       ~ 30 0
14 LEDA 166064 AG? 01 55 20.30 +27 57 14.0   16.3       ~ 60 0
15 LEDA 166065 LSB 02 00 10.2 +28 49 53   17.2       ~ 67 0
16 NGC 784 LSB 02 01 16.932 +28 50 14.13 12.97 12.50 12.07 11.83   ~ 212 0
17 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
18 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
19 LEDA 95597 LSB 06 47 45.6 +80 07 27   16.4       ~ 74 0
20 Z 57-6 AG? 07 13 51.60 +10 31 19.0   14.9       ~ 105 0
21 NGC 2363 AG? 07 28 29.59 +69 11 34.3   15.5       ~ 262 1
22 NGC 2363A HII 07 28 42.8 +69 11 21           ~ 588 3
23 NGC 2366 H2G 07 28 52.4529 +69 12 38.859 12.25 11.86 11.39 11.33   ~ 801 0
24 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
25 Z 87-30 G 07 41 56.3059298112 +16 48 07.451632188   15.4       ~ 233 0
26 [KK98a] 073940.2+164047 G 07 42 31.2 +16 33 40   15.6       ~ 52 0
27 Z 88-7 G 07 57 01.027 +14 23 47.66   16.0       ~ 161 0
28 UGC 4305 IG 08 19 04.9864630512 +70 43 13.086910452 12.06 11.72 11.39 11.11   ~ 812 2
29 MCG+07-18-004 LSB 08 28 28.560 +41 51 27.13   18       ~ 175 0
30 Z 311-8 GiG 08 34 07.20 +66 10 54.0 15.39 15.03 14.70 14.49   ~ 357 2
31 Z 331-51 GiG 08 37 03.00 +69 46 31.0 15.70 15.46 14.98 14.89   ~ 316 0
32 NGC 2683 AGN 08 52 41.3064829584 +33 25 18.597681516 11.57 10.68 9.79 9.38   ~ 475 1
33 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1113 1
34 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
35 Z 332-57 LSB 09 40 32.33 +71 10 56.0 14.53 14.00 13.66 13.41   ~ 372 1
36 NAME F8D1 G 09 44 47.1 +67 26 19   14.60 13.85     ~ 80 0
37 NGC 2976 GiG 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 712 1
38 NAME M 81-82 Group GrG 09 55 +69.1           ~ 758 0
39 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4725 3
40 M 82 AGN 09 55 52.430 +69 40 46.93 9.61 9.30 8.41     ~ 6156 6
41 Z 153-5 AG? 09 56 46.047 +28 49 43.77 14.82 14.74 14.59 14.55 26.509 ~ 252 1
42 LEDA 28731 G 09 57 02.7 +68 35 30   15.17       ~ 119 1
43 Z 36-12 H2G 10 00 00.8217342072 +05 20 09.533389560 12.77 12.25 11.89 11.71   ~ 569 0
44 NGC 3077 GiP 10 03 19.0965510921 +68 44 01.556166166 11.23 10.85 10.14 9.74   ~ 808 0
45 UGC 5428 AG? 10 05 06.40 +66 33 32.0 17.89 16.82 16.09 15.73   ~ 113 1
46 UGC 5442 AG? 10 07 01.90 +67 49 39.0 17.09 15.73 15.07 14.81   ~ 95 1
47 Z 64-68 AG? 10 07 20.182 +10 21 40.16   13.78   13.24   ~ 125 0
48 DDO 78 G 10 26 27.9 +67 39 24   15.8       ~ 88 1
49 IC 2574 AG? 10 28 23.6148831408 +68 24 43.440012756 11.70 11.07 10.87 10.74   ~ 703 1
50 Z 333-35 GiG 10 30 35.03 +70 37 07.2 14.81 13.69 13.01 12.73   ~ 140 0
51 Z 351-62 bCG 11 27 59.90 +78 59 39.0   14.50       ~ 346 1
52 Z 242-46 bCG 11 33 29.12 +49 14 17.4 14.69 14.61 14.25 14.17   ~ 242 1
53 NGC 3738 AGN 11 35 48.982 +54 31 24.70   12.12 12.04 11.56   ~ 303 0
54 NGC 3741 AG? 11 36 05.754 +45 17 02.96 15.01 14.55 14.23 14.06   ~ 237 0
55 Z 214-32 AG? 11 50 52.98254 +38 52 50.6594   13.72 13.9 13.39   ~ 175 0
56 NGC 4068 AG? 12 04 03.265 +52 35 26.05   13.29   12.77   ~ 189 0
57 NGC 4163 LSB 12 12 09.34 +36 10 08.1 14.33 13.70 13.2 12.98   ~ 238 0
58 UGCA 276 G 12 14 57.9 +36 13 07 17.66 16.85 16.22 15.92   ~ 105 1
59 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
60 MCG+09-20-137 LSB 12 16 30.415 +52 13 45.40   17       ~ 81 1
61 NGC 4244 GiG 12 17 29.659 +37 48 25.60   10.71   9.99   ~ 582 1
62 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2512 4
63 Z 244-7 GiG 12 21 15.01 +45 48 40.8   14.8       ~ 123 2
64 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1286 1
65 NAME CVn II Group GrG 12 26 +44.2           ~ 23 0
66 Z 244-18 bCG 12 26 15.69 +48 29 38.3   15.3       ~ 364 0
67 Z 216-4 GiG 12 27 40.90 +43 29 44.0 13.75 13.10 12.7 12.33   ~ 270 0
68 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1192 1
69 Z 187-47 GiG 12 28 38.743 +35 43 02.91 15.50 15.12 14.86 14.78   ~ 130 1
70 NAME CVn I Group GrG 12 32 48.3 +33 57 07           ~ 149 0
71 Z 159-13 GiC 12 32 54.5 +31 32 30   13.50   13.03   ~ 180 0
72 NAME CVn I dwA GiC 12 38 40.06 +32 46 00.5 16.91 16.66 16.73 16.62   ~ 242 0
73 NGC 4605 GiG 12 39 59.2837284936 +61 36 32.822365392   10.94   10.35   ~ 347 2
74 IC 3687 GiG 12 42 15.1540831512 +38 30 05.844632940   15.5       ~ 153 0
75 LEDA 166146 G 12 49 13.3 +35 36 43           ~ 24 1
76 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1476 2
77 NGC 4789A GiC 12 54 05.248 +27 08 58.67 14.37 14.23 13.95 13.84   ~ 614 1
78 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 1010 2
79 Z 71-87 H2G 12 58 40.1930636208 +14 13 00.739589628 15.24 15.16 14.98 14.81   ~ 475 0
80 IC 4182 BiC 13 05 48.7478324064 +37 36 12.965157684   11.86   11.40   ~ 344 1
81 MCG+08-24-048 AG? 13 08 03.552 +46 49 40.02   17       ~ 79 0
82 MCG+08-24-090 AG? 13 13 22.839 +46 19 21.71   17       ~ 135 1
83 Z 245-36 AG? 13 14 27.997 +45 55 11.14 13.63 13.26 13.02 12.81   ~ 297 0
84 Z 245-38 AG? 13 15 29.753 +47 29 58.69   15.6       ~ 114 1
85 NAME Centaurus A BLL 13 25 27.61521044 -43 01 08.8050291   8.18 6.84 6.66   ~ 4774 3
86 NGC 5204 LSB 13 29 36.508 +58 25 07.43   11.84   11.37   ~ 494 0
87 Z 271-48 EmG 13 30 44.8682655624 +54 54 38.522749824 14.72 14.25 13.90 13.75   ~ 218 0
88 NGC 5238 GiP 13 34 42.5146948080 +51 36 49.168365696   14.2       ~ 143 0
89 Z 131-18 EmG 13 39 19.348 +24 46 27.77 15.21 14.84 14.46 14.29   ~ 94 0
90 Z 218-34 AG? 13 39 53.75 +40 44 25.3 15.37 14.56 14.20 14.10   ~ 165 0
91 Z 190-66 AG? 13 50 51.3127548768 +38 01 14.958828876 15.56 14.78   14.33   ~ 161 0
92 MCG+06-31-023 AG? 13 54 48.8114 +35 50 07.775   16.5   15.20   ~ 123 1
93 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
94 NGC 5477 AG? 14 05 33.318 +54 27 37.85 13.94 14.36 14.01     ~ 224 1
95 Z 247-26 AG? 14 24 43.21 +44 31 41.8 14.24 13.54 13.17 13.07   ~ 217 0
96 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
97 NGC 6789 AG? 19 16 41.169 +63 58 23.90   13.76       ~ 122 1
98 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
99 Z 431-72 G 23 28 35.2 +14 44 35 13.85 13.16 12.52     ~ 499 1
100 NAME Peg dSph GiG 23 51 46.3 +24 34 57   14.5 13.2     ~ 250 2
101 NAME NGC 784 Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 17 0
102 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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