2020MNRAS.493..847F

Query : 2020MNRAS.493..847F

2020MNRAS.493..847F - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 493, 847-854 (2020/March-3)

Reverse engineering the Milky Way.

FORBES D.A.

Abstract (from CDS):

The ages, metallicities, alpha-elements, and integrals of motion of globular clusters (GCs) accreted by the Milky Way from disrupted satellites remain largely unchanged over time. Here we have used these conserved properties in combination to assign 76 GCs to five progenitor satellite galaxies - one of which we dub the Koala dwarf galaxy. We fit a leaky-box chemical enrichment model to the age-metallicity distribution of GCs, deriving the effective yield and the formation epoch of each satellite. Based on scaling relations of GC counts we estimate the original halo mass, stellar mass, and mean metallicity of each satellite. The total stellar mass of the five accreted satellites contributed around 109 M☉ in stars to the growth of the Milky Way but over 50 per cent of the Milky Way's GC system. The five satellites formed at very early times and were likely accreted 8-11 Gyr ago, indicating rapid growth for the Milky Way in its early evolution. We suggest that at least three satellites were originally nucleated, with the remnant nucleus now a GC of the Milky Way. 11 GCs are also identified as having formed ex situ but could not be assigned to a single progenitor satellite.

Abstract Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: formation - Galaxy: halo - galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: star clusters: general

Simbad objects: 105

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Number of rows : 105
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 MCG-03-01-015 G 00 01 57.9 -15 27 50   11.50 11.10 10.93   ~ 782 2
2 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
3 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
4 NGC 288 GlC 00 52 45.24 -26 34 57.4   10 8.13     ~ 1130 0
5 NGC 362 GlC 01 03 14.26 -70 50 55.6     6.58     ~ 1167 0
6 NAME Whiting 1 GlC 02 02 56.8 -03 15 10           ~ 177 0
7 NGC 1261 GlC 03 12 16.21 -55 12 58.4     8.63     ~ 579 0
8 Cl Pal 1 GlC 03 33 20.04 +79 34 51.8   17.2       ~ 267 1
9 NAME E 1 GlC 03 55 02.5 -49 36 52           ~ 229 0
10 Cl Pal 2 GlC 04 46 05.79720 +31 22 51.0170           ~ 202 0
11 NGC 1851 GlC 05 14 06.76 -40 02 47.6           ~ 1529 0
12 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
13 M 79 GlC 05 24 10.59 -24 31 27.3     8.16     ~ 883 0
14 NGC 2298 GlC 06 48 59.41 -36 00 19.1     8.89     ~ 547 0
15 Cl Berkeley 29 OpC 06 53 03.6 +16 55 24   14.3       ~ 187 0
16 NAME CMa Dwarf Galaxy G 07 12.6 -27 40     -0.1     ~ 203 1
17 NAME Saurer A Cluster OpC 07 20.9 +01 48           ~ 70 0
18 NGC 2419 GlC 07 38 08.51 +38 52 54.9     10.05     ~ 998 0
19 ESO 368-7 OpC 07 38 44.3 -33 50 33           ~ 55 0
20 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1540 0
21 NAME Sextans C GlC 10 05 30.96 +00 04 15.4   15.5 13.9     ~ 354 1
22 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1284 1
23 NGC 3201 GlC 10 17 36.82 -46 24 44.9           ~ 1001 0
24 Z 126-111 G 11 13 28.13 +22 09 10.1   12.9 12.0     ~ 899 0
25 GCl 17 GlC 11 29 16.80 +28 58 25.0   14.4       ~ 379 1
26 NAME Crater Cluster GlC 11 36 16.20 -10 52 38.8           ~ 117 1
27 NGC 4147 GlC 12 10 06.149 +18 32 31.78   11.45 10.74     ~ 616 0
28 Cl Ruprecht 106 GlC 12 38 40.20 -51 09 01.0           ~ 413 0
29 M 68 GlC 12 39 27.98 -26 44 38.6     7.96     ~ 1069 0
30 NGC 4833 GlC 12 59 33.92 -70 52 35.4           ~ 467 0
31 M 53 GlC 13 12 55.25 +18 10 05.4     7.79     ~ 907 0
32 NGC 5053 GlC 13 16 27.09 +17 42 00.9     9.96     ~ 675 0
33 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
34 M 3 GlC 13 42 11.62 +28 22 38.2     6.39     ~ 2593 0
35 NGC 5286 GlC 13 46 26.81 -51 22 27.3           ~ 485 0
36 C 1353-269 GlC 13 56 21.702 -27 10 03.00           ~ 146 0
37 NGC 5466 GlC 14 05 27.29 +28 32 04.0     9.70     ~ 887 0
38 NGC 5634 GlC 14 29 37.28 -05 58 35.1   10.69 10.05     ~ 333 0
39 NGC 5694 GlC 14 39 36.52 -26 32 18.0           ~ 323 0
40 IC 4499 GlC 15 00 18.57 -82 12 49.6     8.56     ~ 375 0
41 NGC 5824 GlC 15 03 58.612 -33 04 06.70   10.28 9.56     ~ 441 0
42 Cl Pal 5 GlC 15 16 05.30 -00 06 41.0   15.1       ~ 797 1
43 NGC 5897 GlC 15 17 24.40 -21 00 36.4   10.16 8.52     ~ 424 0
44 M 5 GlC 15 18 33.22 +02 04 51.7     5.95     ~ 2095 0
45 NGC 5946 GlC 15 35 28.58 -50 39 35.0           ~ 210 0
46 NGC 5986 GlC 15 46 03.00 -37 47 11.1     6.92     ~ 408 0
47 GCl 38 GlC 16 10 59.00 +14 57 42.0           ~ 399 0
48 M 80 GlC 16 17 02.41 -22 58 33.9           ~ 780 0
49 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
50 NGC 6101 GlC 16 25 48.12 -72 12 07.9           ~ 337 0
51 NGC 6144 GlC 16 27 13.86 -26 01 24.6           ~ 268 0
52 NGC 6139 GlC 16 27 39.987 -38 50 57.03   11.03 9.68     ~ 231 0
53 M 13 GlC 16 41 41.634 +36 27 40.75     5.8     ~ 2291 0
54 NGC 6229 GlC 16 46 58.641 +47 31 36.38   9.38 9.86     ~ 397 0
55 NAME 2MASS-GC03 GlC 16 52 10.602 -47 03 29.00           ~ 68 0
56 NGC 6235 GlC 16 53 25.36 -22 10 38.8   11.99 7.20     ~ 208 0
57 M 10 GlC 16 57 09.05 -04 06 01.1     4.98     ~ 857 0
58 NGC 6256 GlC 16 59 32.68 -37 07 17.1           ~ 182 0
59 GCl 50 GlC 16 59 51.1 -00 32 00   15.70       ~ 224 1
60 M 19 GlC 17 02 37.69 -26 16 04.6   8.45 5.57     ~ 406 1
61 NGC 6284 GlC 17 04 28.747 -24 45 51.22   10.72 7.43     ~ 302 0
62 NGC 6287 GlC 17 05 09.4906767360 -22 42 28.099250172   11.49 10.30     ~ 240 0
63 M 92 GlC 17 17 07.39 +43 08 09.4     6.52     ~ 2240 0
64 M 9 GlC 17 19 11.78 -18 30 58.5   9.36 8.42     ~ 348 0
65 IC 1257 Bz? 17 27 06.00 -07 05 00.0           ~ 110 0
66 NAME Sequoia Cluster GlC 17 31 12.0 -39 48 30           ~ 154 0
67 NAME Tonantzintla 2 GlC 17 36 10.500 -38 33 12.00           ~ 115 0
68 NGC 6388 GlC 17 36 17.461 -44 44 08.34           ~ 988 1
69 M 14 GlC 17 37 36.15 -03 14 45.3   9.55 5.73     ~ 420 0
70 NGC 6401 GlC 17 38 36.93 -23 54 31.5   11.31 10.71     ~ 203 0
71 ESO 520-21 GlC 17 43 42.20 -26 13 21.0           ~ 211 0
72 NGC 6426 GlC 17 44 54.71 +03 10 12.5           ~ 244 0
73 NAME cl Djorgovski 1 GlC 17 47 28.30 -33 03 56.0           ~ 97 0
74 NGC 6441 GlC 17 50 13.06 -37 03 05.2           ~ 940 0
75 NGC 6453 GlC 17 50 51.77 -34 35 55.1   10.49       ~ 189 0
76 NGC 6517 GlC 18 01 50.376 -08 57 34.39   11.08       ~ 215 0
77 ESO 521-16 GlC 18 02 57.40 -26 04 00.0           ~ 123 0
78 NGC 6535 GlC 18 03 50.51 -00 17 51.5     9.85     ~ 320 0
79 NGC 6544 GlC 18 07 20.58 -24 59 50.4   11.36 9.90     ~ 332 0
80 NGC 6541 GlC 18 08 02.36 -43 42 53.6           ~ 409 0
81 ESO 280-6 GlC 18 09 06.000 -46 25 24.00           ~ 74 0
82 NGC 6584 GlC 18 18 37.60 -52 12 56.8     8.17     ~ 317 0
83 M 70 GlC 18 43 12.76 -32 17 31.6           ~ 421 0
84 NGC 6712 GlC 18 53 04.32 -08 42 21.5           ~ 550 0
85 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1164 0
86 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
87 M 56 GlC 19 16 35.57 +30 11 00.5           ~ 455 0
88 Cl Terzan 7 GlC 19 17 43.92 -34 39 27.8           ~ 460 0
89 GCl 111 GlC 19 18 02.10 +18 34 18.0           ~ 138 0
90 Cl Arp 2 GlC 19 28 44.11 -30 21 20.3     12.41     ~ 384 0
91 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 913 0
92 Cl Terzan 8 GlC 19 41 44.41 -33 59 58.1     11.54     ~ 357 0
93 M 75 GlC 20 06 04.841 -21 55 20.14     8.26     ~ 394 0
94 NGC 6934 GlC 20 34 11.37 +07 24 16.1           ~ 459 0
95 M 72 GlC 20 53 27.70 -12 32 14.3     8.96     ~ 465 0
96 NGC 7006 GlC 21 01 29.465 +16 11 16.49     10.46     ~ 562 0
97 M 15 GlC 21 29 58.33 +12 10 01.2           ~ 3274 0
98 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1114 1
99 M 30 GlC 21 40 22.12 -23 10 47.5     7.10     ~ 1121 0
100 Cl Pal 12 GlC 21 46 38.84 -21 15 09.4     11.89     ~ 548 0
101 GCl 124 GlC 23 06 44.48 +12 46 19.2   15.6       ~ 307 1
102 NGC 7492 GlC 23 08 26.68 -15 36 41.3     10.48     ~ 330 0
103 NAME Sequoia stream St* ~ ~           ~ 37 0
104 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0
105 NAME Gaia Enceladus-Sausage St* ~ ~           ~ 860 0

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