2020MNRAS.494.2875M

Query : 2020MNRAS.494.2875M

2020MNRAS.494.2875M - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 494, 2875-2885 (2020/May-2)

A fundamental test for MOND.

MARRA V., RODRIGUES D.C. and DE ALMEIDA A.O.F.

Abstract (from CDS):

The radial acceleration relation (RAR) shows a strong correlation between two accelerations associated with galaxy rotation curves. The relation between these accelerations is given by a non-linear function that depends on an acceleration scale a+. Some have interpreted this as an evidence for a gravity model, such as modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), which posits a fundamental acceleration scale a0 common to all the galaxies. However, it was later shown, using Bayesian inference, that this seems not to be the case: the a0 credible intervals for individual galaxies were not found to be compatible among themselves. A test like the latter is a fundamental test for MOND as a theory for gravity, since it directly evaluates its basic assumption and this using the data that most favour MOND: galaxy rotation curves. Here we improve upon the previous analyses by introducing a more robust method to assess the compatibility between the credible intervals, in particular without Gaussian approximations. We directly estimate, using a Monte Carlo simulation, that the existence of a fundamental acceleration is incompatible with the data at more than 5σ. We also consider quality cuts in order to show that our results are robust against outliers. In conclusion, the new analysis further supports the claim that the acceleration scale found in the RAR is an emergent quantity.

Abstract Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: kinematics and dynamic - galaxies: spiral - dark matter

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/494/2875): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 155

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Number of rows : 155
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 MCG-03-01-015 G 00 01 57.9 -15 27 50   11.50 11.10 10.93   ~ 782 2
2 NGC 7814 GiG 00 03 14.947 +16 08 42.82   12.0       ~ 313 1
3 NGC 24 EmG 00 09 56.542 -24 57 47.27 12.12 12.20 11.58 11.46 11.5 ~ 269 1
4 MCG+06-01-019 LSB 00 13 50.90 +35 59 39.0   16.5       ~ 105 1
5 NGC 55 rG 00 14 53.602 -39 11 47.86 8.54 8.58 7.87 7.84   ~ 828 2
6 Z 434-1 AG? 00 20 05.20 +10 52 48.0   15.6       ~ 87 1
7 NGC 100 LSB 00 24 02.837 +16 29 11.00   14.6       ~ 139 0
8 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
9 NGC 247 LSB 00 47 08.554 -20 45 37.44 10.11 9.61 9.10 8.87   ~ 480 2
10 NGC 289 Sy2 00 52 42.365 -31 12 20.99   11.36 13.44 10.38 11.4 ~ 256 0
11 NGC 300 GiG 00 54 53.4465638304 -37 41 03.168402396 8.83 8.69 8.13 7.46   ~ 1614 2
12 Z 410-23 LSB 01 01 25.171 +07 37 33.57   15.7       ~ 84 0
13 NGC 360 Sy2 01 02 51.4684833528 -65 36 35.652293964   13.42   11.99 12.5 ~ 103 0
14 UGC 731 AG? 01 10 43.98 +49 36 07.9   17       ~ 103 0
15 Z 436-33 AG? 01 21 18.90 +12 24 43.0 15.36 14.82 14.36 12.87   ~ 112 0
16 Z 503-26 LSB 01 49 31.71 +32 35 16.2   13.0       ~ 171 0
17 NGC 801 AGN 02 03 44.7926518608 +38 15 31.615649064   14.23 13.47     ~ 186 0
18 NGC 891 H2G 02 22 32.907 +42 20 53.95 11.08 10.81 9.93 7.86   ~ 1741 2
19 NGC 1003 GiG 02 39 16.893 +40 52 20.25   12.1   10.83   ~ 198 0
20 NGC 1090 AG? 02 46 33.9359016984 -00 14 49.627749660   12.3   12.1 12.4 ~ 178 0
21 Z 524-20 GiP 02 47 55.4194406880 +37 32 18.528735876   14.3   12.8   ~ 131 0
22 NGC 1167 LIN 03 01 42.3322774176 +35 12 20.300948892   13.84 12.77     ~ 382 1
23 ESO 116-12 EmG 03 13 04.746 -57 21 26.09   12.96   12.07 12.2 ~ 103 0
24 Z 526-12 AG? 03 53 02.4589142328 +35 35 22.174136556   14.4       ~ 152 0
25 Z 327-12 AG? 04 02 33.9170114400 +71 42 21.124283292   14.9       ~ 69 1
26 IC 356 AG? 04 07 46.8869589504 +69 48 44.715725208   13.3       ~ 161 1
27 NAME Cam B G 04 53 07.1 +67 05 57   16.71       ~ 79 0
28 MCG+05-12-002 AG? 04 56 14.8692530064 +30 03 08.201990520   16.0       ~ 71 0
29 NGC 2273 Sy1 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 566 2
30 Z 330-19 AG? 06 55 30.9694563864 +69 33 47.319499836   13.01 12.57 12.08 11.50 ~ 107 1
31 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
32 Z 88-7 G 07 57 01.027 +14 23 47.66   16.0       ~ 161 0
33 IC 2233 LSB 08 13 58.909 +45 44 31.74 12.87 13.41 12.63 12.80   ~ 253 1
34 NGC 2552 EmG 08 19 20.5355420472 +50 00 34.590204468 13.44 13.00 12.56     ~ 284 1
35 Z 331-51 GiG 08 37 03.00 +69 46 31.0 15.70 15.46 14.98 14.89   ~ 316 0
36 Z 263-63 GiP 08 37 41.489 +51 39 08.58   13.50       ~ 149 1
37 MCG-03-23-005 EmG 08 47 16.981 -20 02 08.38   13.5   12.47 12.7 ~ 96 1
38 NGC 2683 AGN 08 52 41.3064829584 +33 25 18.597681516 11.57 10.68 9.79 9.38   ~ 475 1
39 LEDA 86668 LSB 09 02 53.357 +20 04 32.21   16.9       ~ 108 0
40 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1113 1
41 UGC 5005 LSB 09 24 29.39972 +22 16 29.0213   18       ~ 81 0
42 NGC 2915 AG? 09 26 11.532 -76 37 34.75 13.13 12.93 12.68 11.90 12.8 ~ 371 2
43 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
44 LEDA 86670 LSB 09 37 36.6 +21 46 15           ~ 53 0
45 NGC 2955 GiG 09 41 16.6170758448 +35 52 56.147040624   13.90       ~ 116 0
46 NGC 2976 GiG 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 712 1
47 NGC 2998 LIN 09 48 43.6305155160 +44 04 53.217027660   13.3       ~ 231 0
48 NGC 2985 Sy2 09 50 22.233 +72 16 43.13   11.37 10.61     ~ 269 1
49 Z 152-72 EmG 09 50 22.769 +31 29 17.80   14.48   14.10   ~ 207 0
50 NGC 3109 AG? 10 03 06.877 -26 09 34.46 11.10 10.42 10.04 9.91   ~ 825 2
51 NGC 3104 AG? 10 03 57.185 +40 45 41.43   14.2       ~ 142 0
52 NGC 3198 EmG 10 19 54.990 +45 32 58.88 10.83 10.87 10.33     ~ 946 1
53 LSB F568-3 LSB 10 26 59 +22 13.6           ~ 81 0
54 IC 2574 AG? 10 28 23.6148831408 +68 24 43.440012756 11.70 11.07 10.87 10.74   ~ 703 1
55 UGC 5716 AG? 10 31 43.26364 +25 18 27.3731   17       ~ 82 0
56 NGC 3274 EmG 10 32 17.2253817864 +27 40 07.165226244   13.30   12.77   ~ 261 0
57 UGC 5750 AG? 10 35 45.12 +20 59 24.9   17       ~ 81 0
58 Z 154-31 AG? 10 36 43.1428583040 +31 32 50.189204040   15.6   15.04   ~ 121 0
59 Z 184-6 AG? 10 42 42.787 +34 26 57.39   13.31 13.09 12.84 12.85 ~ 173 0
60 LEDA 86672 LSB 10 45 02.064 +22 03 15.54           ~ 91 0
61 MCG+11-13-039 GiG 10 49 36.412 +65 32 01.07 15.55 15.27 14.79 14.55   ~ 170 0
62 NGC 3432 AG? 10 52 31.132 +36 37 07.60   11.81 11.67 11.29   ~ 321 1
63 NGC 3521 EmG 11 05 48.5680991376 -00 02 09.245076540 10.06 9.83 9.02 10.1 9.6 ~ 879 2
64 Z 268-28 AG? 11 23 23.2200537264 +50 53 33.503083728   14.9       ~ 116 0
65 LEDA 86674 LSB 11 26 19.08 +18 50 09.3           ~ 57 0
66 Z 268-36 GiC 11 26 40.4656762968 +53 44 48.012539280   14.5       ~ 164 0
67 NGC 3726 G 11 33 21.1367545656 +47 01 45.280222428   11.11   10.02   ~ 374 0
68 LSB F571-8 LSB 11 33 54.3 +19 21 18           ~ 50 0
69 NGC 3741 AG? 11 36 05.754 +45 17 02.96 15.01 14.55 14.23 14.06   ~ 237 0
70 NGC 3769 GiP 11 37 44.0727836208 +47 53 34.782808956   11.7       ~ 195 0
71 Z 97-40 LIN 11 39 14.8736598984 +17 08 37.200948684   14.8       ~ 157 0
72 Z 268-71 GiC 11 42 26.309 +51 35 52.82   14.8       ~ 130 0
73 NGC 3877 GiG 11 46 07.782 +47 29 40.20   11.8       ~ 347 0
74 NGC 3893 GiG 11 48 38.207 +48 42 38.84   11.23 10.67     ~ 391 1
75 NGC 3900 GiP 11 49 09.4563144120 +27 01 19.276393872   12.5       ~ 202 0
76 NGC 3898 LIN 11 49 15.370 +56 05 03.66   11.7       ~ 329 1
77 NGC 3917 GiP 11 50 45.4481861760 +51 49 27.919475076   12.5       ~ 201 0
78 Z 243-15 AG? 11 50 46.9776888960 +45 48 26.384111676   14.6       ~ 89 0
79 NGC 3949 GiC 11 53 41.7311041896 +47 51 31.401451476   10.9       ~ 351 1
80 NGC 3953 GiG 11 53 49.0086582552 +52 19 36.475395312   11.08   9.71   ~ 380 0
81 NGC 3972 GiG 11 55 45.09048 +55 19 14.6460   13.14   11.94   ~ 242 1
82 Z 269-18 GiG 11 56 28.76784 +50 25 42.0132   14.0       ~ 148 0
83 Z 269-22 GiC 11 56 49.526 +53 09 37.21   13.90   12.96   ~ 155 0
84 Z 243-32 EmG 11 57 17.3777198280 +49 17 00.669514488   14.2       ~ 140 0
85 M 109 GiG 11 57 35.9631479640 +53 22 29.006082336   10.94   9.57   ~ 483 0
86 NGC 4013 GiG 11 58 31.417 +43 56 49.28   12.4       ~ 447 1
87 NGC 4010 G 11 58 37.991 +47 15 40.72   13.1       ~ 164 0
88 Z 269-28 GiC 11 59 08.734 +52 42 28.03   14.5       ~ 182 0
89 NGC 4051 Sy1 12 03 09.6101337312 +44 31 52.682601288   11.08 12.92 9.94   ~ 2270 1
90 NGC 4068 AG? 12 04 03.265 +52 35 26.05   13.29   12.77   ~ 189 0
91 NGC 4085 GiP 12 05 22.7304442992 +50 21 10.608113412   13.93 12.83     ~ 198 0
92 NGC 4088 AGN 12 05 34.2230093952 +50 32 21.064017876   11.2       ~ 428 1
93 Z 215-23 GiP 12 05 57.746 +43 08 36.08   14.40       ~ 123 1
94 NGC 4100 GiG 12 06 08.602 +49 34 56.32   11.7       ~ 269 0
95 Z 187-12 AG? 12 08 41.514 +36 48 08.27   14.7       ~ 89 0
96 NGC 4138 Sy2 12 09 29.8011417048 +43 41 06.864140004 12.46 12.29 11.32 10.82   ~ 436 1
97 NGC 4144 GiG 12 09 58.601 +46 27 25.85   12.17   11.50   ~ 260 0
98 NGC 4157 GiC 12 11 04.365 +50 29 04.85 12.48 12.15 11.35     ~ 373 2
99 NGC 4183 GiG 12 13 16.860 +43 41 53.77   13.5       ~ 213 0
100 NGC 4190 LSB 12 13 44.765 +36 38 02.49 13.88 13.40 13.25 12.86   ~ 224 0
101 NGC 4204 GiC 12 15 14.359 +20 39 32.68   14.3       ~ 162 0
102 NGC 4217 GiG 12 15 50.900 +47 05 30.44   12.4       ~ 324 2
103 NGC 4242 GiG 12 17 30.1835103480 +45 37 09.508940220   11.37 10.83     ~ 285 1
104 NGC 4288 GiG 12 20 38.119 +46 17 27.67   13.6       ~ 187 0
105 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1286 1
106 Z 187-44 GiP 12 27 05.566 +37 08 30.39   14.19   13.55   ~ 217 0
107 Z 216-4 GiG 12 27 40.90 +43 29 44.0 13.75 13.10 12.7 12.33   ~ 270 0
108 NGC 4455 EmG 12 28 44.1242000448 +22 49 13.538159508   15.5       ~ 222 0
109 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
110 Z 216-10 LSB 12 32 26.893 +42 42 14.84   13.7       ~ 130 0
111 NGC 4559 H2G 12 35 57.6402869976 +27 57 35.859278160   10.46 10.01     ~ 667 1
112 LSB F574-1 LSB 12 38 13.3 +22 17 59           ~ 65 0
113 IC 3687 GiG 12 42 15.1540831512 +38 30 05.844632940   15.5       ~ 153 0
114 NGC 4789A GiC 12 54 05.248 +27 08 58.67 14.37 14.23 13.95 13.84   ~ 614 1
115 MCG-03-33-030 GiP 13 03 16.736 -17 25 22.91 13.98 13.42 13.09 12.96 13.3 ~ 135 0
116 IC 4202 EmG 13 08 31.5891545640 +24 42 02.857607676   15.2       ~ 113 0
117 NGC 5005 LIN 13 10 56.312 +37 03 32.19   14.67 13.67     ~ 567 2
118 NGC 5023 EmG 13 12 11.8036148808 +44 02 17.328663600   13.2       ~ 265 0
119 NGC 5033 Sy2 13 13 27.535 +36 35 37.14   11.01 12.03 9.73   ~ 909 1
120 Z 245-36 AG? 13 14 27.997 +45 55 11.14 13.63 13.26 13.02 12.81   ~ 297 0
121 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1292 2
122 MCG+04-31-016 GiC 13 15 53.77848 +25 26 10.1328   17       ~ 124 0
123 NGC 5204 LSB 13 29 36.508 +58 25 07.43   11.84   11.37   ~ 494 0
124 NGC 5229 LSB 13 34 02.831 +47 54 55.68   14.6       ~ 149 0
125 ESO 444-84 GiC 13 37 19.99 -28 02 42.0 16.04 15.34 15.05 15.05 14.9 ~ 133 1
126 NGC 5289 GiP 13 45 08.7075916440 +41 30 12.218593392   14.09 13.09     ~ 149 0
127 Z 272-13 AG? 13 54 45.602 +53 54 20.06   14.2       ~ 219 0
128 NGC 5390 LIN 13 55 39.9385716624 +40 27 42.380606592   12.81 11.93 10.04   ~ 373 1
129 Z 46-60 AG? 14 08 29.106 +07 03 28.80   14.5       ~ 80 0
130 NGC 5533 Sy2 14 16 07.7507477232 +35 20 37.879981584   13.0       ~ 189 0
131 NGC 5585 GiG 14 19 48.204 +56 43 44.58   11.73 11.216 11.12 10.123 ~ 455 0
132 LEDA 87128 LSB 14 33 20.315 +26 59 52.94   14.65       ~ 41 0
133 NGC 5906 GiG 15 15 53.687 +56 19 43.86   11.4       ~ 807 0
134 NGC 5985 SyG 15 39 37.0545742176 +59 19 55.216886664   15.24 14.22     ~ 267 0
135 Z 319-21 AG? 15 41 47.85 +67 15 15.3 15.71 15.22 14.81 14.44   ~ 93 0
136 NGC 6015 AG? 15 51 25.2376583904 +62 18 36.233118396   11.69 11.14 10.61 10.08 ~ 254 0
137 LSB F583-4 LSB 15 52 12 +18 47.1           ~ 60 0
138 LEDA 86657 LSB 15 57 27.483 +20 39 59.12           ~ 104 0
139 Z 251-4 AG? 16 16 17.9000468088 +47 02 43.128874644   14.9       ~ 151 0
140 NGC 6195 SyG 16 36 32.5656632424 +39 01 40.411487460   14.7       ~ 109 0
141 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
142 NGC 6674 AG? 18 38 33.889 +25 22 30.39   13.7       ~ 119 0
143 NGC 6789 AG? 19 16 41.169 +63 58 23.90   13.76       ~ 122 1
144 Z 341-28 GiP 19 29 56.3064378840 +72 06 46.537706664   15.3       ~ 68 0
145 Z 304-5 LSB 20 24 00.6851855760 +60 11 41.414285040   14.5       ~ 77 0
146 LEDA 166192 LSB 20 30 32.9 +60 21 17   16.49       ~ 61 0
147 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
148 MCG+02-55-015 LSB 21 49 28.40 +14 13 52.0   17       ~ 73 0
149 NGC 7217 LIN 22 07 52.3984675584 +31 21 33.632293572   12.94 11.92     ~ 511 0
150 NGC 7331 LIN 22 37 04.0506038088 +34 24 56.800076508 10.65 10.35 9.48     ~ 1284 2
151 Z 454-39 G 23 19 30.4940411496 +16 04 29.240723064   15.6       ~ 77 0
152 Z 533-8 GiG 23 29 58.540 +40 59 31.98   15.7       ~ 110 0
153 Z 476-106 GiP 23 40 39.86 +26 14 11.1   14.5       ~ 146 0
154 MCG-05-56-001 G 23 43 45.549 -31 57 24.37 14.55 14.03 13.73 13.63   ~ 162 1
155 NGC 7793 GiG 23 57 49.7540045856 -32 35 27.701550744 10.26 9.74 9.28 9.06 9.7 ~ 1188 2

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