2020MNRAS.495..594P

Recent observations show that the star formation rate (SFR) in the Phoenix cluster's central galaxy is ∼500 M_☉ yr^–1. Even though Phoenix is a massive cluster (M₂₀₀ ≃ 2.0 x 10¹⁵ M_☉; z ≃ 0.6) such a high central SFR is not expected in a scenario in which feedback from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) maintains the intracluster medium in a state of rough thermal balance. It has been argued that either AGN feedback saturates in very massive clusters or the central supermassive black hole is too small to produce enough kinetic feedback and hence is unable to quench the catastrophic cooling. In this work, we present an alternate scenario wherein intense short-lived cooling and star formation phases followed by strong AGN outbursts are part of the AGN feedback loop. Using results from a 3D hydrodynamic simulation of a standard cool-core cluster (M₂₀₀ ∼ 7 x 10¹⁴ M_☉; z = 0), scaled to account for differences in mass and redshift, we argue that Phoenix is at the end of a cooling phase in which an AGN outburst has begun but has not yet arrested core cooling. This state of high cooling rate and star formation is expected to last for <=100 Myr in Phoenix.