2021A&A...650A.173S

Query : 2021A&A...650A.173S

2021A&A...650A.173S - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 650A173-173 (2021/6-1)

Evolution of the atomic component in protostellar outflows.

SPERLING T., EISLOFFEL J., FISCHER C., NISINI B., GIANNINI T. and KRABBE A.

Abstract (from CDS):


Context. We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of three Class 0 and one Class I outflows (Cep E, HH 1, HH 212, and L1551 IRS5) in the far-infrared [OI]63µm and [OI]145µm transitions. Spectroscopic [OI]63µm maps enabled us to infer the spatial extent of warm (T∼500-1200K), low-excitation atomic gas within these protostellar outflows.
Aims. Our main goal is to determine mass-loss rates from the obtained [OI]63µm maps and compare these with accretion rates from other studies.
Methods. The far-infrared [OI]63µm emission line is predicted to be the main coolant of dense, dissociative J-shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks. If proper shock conditions prevail, the instantaneous mass-ejection rate is directly connected to the [OI]63µm luminosity. In order to unravel evolutionary trends, we analysed a set of 14 Class 0/I outflow sources that were spatially resolved in the [OI]63 emission. We compared these data with a sample of 72 Class 0/I/II outflow sources that have been observed with Herschel (WISH, DIGIT, WILL, GASPS surveys) without spatially resolving the [OI]63µm line.
Results. All our newly observed targets feature prominent [OI]63µm emission either close to the driving source (L1551 IRS5, HH 1, HH 212) or as extended jet-like or knotty emission region away from it (Cep E). The detected [OI]63µm emission can mostly be attributed to dissociative shocks and photodissociation regions (PDRs). Flux values at 63µm and 145µm of all four associated continuum sources are presented. We calculated mass-loss rates connected to the low-excitation, atomic outflow component in the range of (5-50)x10–7M☉/yr. Estimated ratios between the mass loss in the outflow and the mass accretion onto the source (jet efficiency ratios) are largely in the range of Mout/Macc∼0.05-0.5 for the observed outflow sources, which are consistent with theoretical predictions and quoted Herschel data.
Conclusions. Our new observations and a comparison with the 72 outflow sources observed with Herschel indicate that the bulk ejected material in outflows from Class 0 sources resides in the molecular component, that is mass-loss rates derived from the [OI]63 emission line significantly underestimate the total mass-loss rate during this and possibly also later phases of the star formation process.

Abstract Copyright: © ESO 2021

Journal keyword(s): ISM: jets and outflows - Herbig-Haro objects - stars: formation - stars: mass-loss

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/650/A173): list.dat fits/*>

CDS comments: CepE-A and CepE-B not in SIMBAD. R CrA 17A and 17B not identified.

Simbad objects: 120

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Number of rows : 120
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 IRAS 03222+3034 Y*O 03 25 22.32 +30 45 13.9           ~ 164 0
2 LDN 1448NA smm 03 25 36.49 +30 45 22.2           ~ 193 1
3 IRAS F03226+3033 Y*O 03 25 38.83 +30 44 06.2           ~ 371 0
4 IRAS 03235+3004 Y*O 03 26 37.425 +30 15 28.39           ~ 96 0
5 NAME LDN 1455 IRS 5 Y*O 03 27 38.255 +30 13 58.57           ~ 53 0
6 NAME LDN 1455 IRS 1 cor 03 27 39.08 +30 13 03.1           ~ 173 0
7 NAME LDN 1455 IRS 4 cor 03 27 43.23 +30 12 28.9           ~ 81 0
8 2MASS J03274767+3012043 Or* 03 27 47.6828532408 +30 12 04.456916028     19.6     M3.0 115 1
9 2MASS J03280041+3008012 Y*O 03 28 00.411 +30 08 01.28           ~ 57 0
10 IRAS 03256+3055 Y*O 03 28 45.306 +31 05 42.05           ~ 55 3
11 [JCC87] IRAS 2A Y*O 03 28 55.55 +31 14 36.7           ~ 513 3
12 BD+30 547 Y*O 03 28 57.2114503248 +31 14 19.076151444   10.73 9.98 9.1   G4V 117 1
13 [EYG2006] Bolo 40 cor 03 28 59.63 +31 21 33.9           ~ 26 0
14 [SK2001] 1 Y*O 03 29 00.55 +31 12 00.8           ~ 62 1
15 [KJT2007] SMM 62 Y*O 03 29 01.66 +31 20 28.5           ~ 8 0
16 [HSW2018] NGC 1333-17 smm 03 29 03.73 +31 16 03.8           ~ 131 0
17 V* V512 Per Or* 03 29 03.7578170808 +31 16 03.947525688           M3.5 419 0
18 NAME HH 7-11 FIR 03 29 03.9 +31 16 06           ~ 357 0
19 [SDA2014] West40 Y*O 03 29 04.06 +31 14 46.5           ~ 68 0
20 NGC 1333 OpC 03 29 09.2 +31 20 59           ~ 1575 1
21 [JCC87] IRAS 4A Y*O 03 29 10.49 +31 13 30.8           ~ 770 1
22 [JCC87] IRAS 4 FIR 03 29 10.9 +31 13 26           ~ 489 0
23 [JCC87] IRAS 4B Y*O 03 29 12.058 +31 13 02.05           ~ 625 0
24 IRAS 03301+3111 Y*O 03 33 12.8440487256 +31 21 24.139522188           M1.8 76 0
25 2MASS J03331667+3107548 Y*O 03 33 16.68 +31 07 54.9           ~ 139 2
26 NAME Perseus Cloud SFR 03 35.0 +31 13           ~ 1553 0
27 HH 211 Y*O 03 43 56.52 +32 00 52.8           ~ 414 0
28 NAME HH 211-mm Y*O 03 43 56.816 +32 00 50.06           ~ 66 1
29 LDN 1489 DNe 04 04 47.5 +26 19 42           ~ 238 0
30 HD 283447 Or* 04 14 12.9261150912 +28 12 12.359055168 13.17 12.07 10.68 9.45 8.67 K3Ve 445 0
31 V* CW Tau TT* 04 14 17.0042670144 +28 10 57.766508508 13.92 13.64 12.36 12.86   K0Ve 381 0
32 V* T Tau TT* 04 21 59.4319873992 +19 32 06.432393336   11.22 10.12 9.80   K0IV/Ve 1456 1
33 IRAS 04191+1523 Y*O 04 22 00.43944 +15 30 21.2148           ~ 206 0
34 V* FS Tau Or* 04 22 02.1798627024 +26 57 30.575293308 17.57   14.10 15.63   M3.5e+M0e 289 0
35 [EM98] DG Tau B cRN Y*O 04 27 02.66088 +26 05 30.4548           ~ 208 0
36 V* DF Tau TT* 04 27 02.7932020080 +25 42 22.453341516 11.97 12.25 11.42 10.31 9.14 M3Ve 528 1
37 V* DG Tau TT* 04 27 04.6921275888 +26 06 16.060169268 13.57 13.97 10.50 12.28   K6Ve 1092 1
38 LDN 1551 DNe 04 31 30.0 +18 12 30           ~ 823 1
39 RAFGL 5123 Y*O 04 31 34.07736 +18 08 04.9020           K3V/M3III 900 0
40 V* V1213 Tau Or* 04 31 37.5055489536 +18 12 24.383952396           K7 605 0
41 V* HL Tau Or* 04 31 38.5107609312 +18 13 57.859747968   15.89 14.49 14.39   K5 1546 0
42 V* XZ Tau Or* 04 31 40.0868968022 +18 13 56.642439056     10.40 13.12   M2e+M2e 466 2
43 Haro 6-13 Or* 04 32 15.4174258632 +24 28 59.577717108 19.22   17.7     M0 233 1
44 V* GG Tau Or* 04 32 30.3506925552 +17 31 40.494063144 14.84 14.78 13.40 11.54   M0e+M2.0e 793 1
45 V* UZ Tau Or* 04 32 43.02172 +25 52 30.9038           M4Ve+M1/3Ve 323 0
46 V* DL Tau Or* 04 33 39.0767679288 +25 20 38.101382952 14.04 14.59 13.40 11.85 10.89 K7Ve 372 0
47 V* HN Tau Or* 04 33 39.3629421552 +17 51 52.289234280   14.76 13.40 13.05   K5e 271 0
48 V* AA Tau Or* 04 34 55.4201902392 +24 28 53.033624580 13.14 13.34 12.20 12.03   K5Ve 801 0
49 V* DO Tau Or* 04 38 28.5880527336 +26 10 49.467596196 12.78 13.44 12.30 13.01   M1Ve 413 1
50 IRAS 04361+2547 Y*O 04 39 13.89288 +25 53 20.8788           ~ 205 1
51 IRAS 04365+2535 Y*O 04 39 35.19360 +25 41 44.7252           ~ 330 0
52 LDN 1527 DNe 04 39 53 +25 45.0           ~ 689 0
53 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
54 Haro 6-33 TT* 04 41 38.8257958224 +25 56 26.741499648     18.40     M0.5 140 2
55 TMC-1 MoC 04 41 45.9 +25 41 27           ~ 1872 0
56 V* DP Tau Or* 04 42 37.6989071232 +25 15 36.983641716 15.84 15.2 13.70 14.42   M0.8 179 1
57 V* DQ Tau Or* 04 46 53.0575226016 +17 00 00.136127304 14.56 13.67 12.00 13.21   M1Ve 373 0
58 V* UY Aur Or* 04 51 47.3890167432 +30 47 13.551561492 12.82 12.96 11.90 10.59 9.52 M0e+M2.5e 379 0
59 V* SU Aur Or* 04 55 59.3866872552 +30 34 01.499608092   10.33 9.30 9.17   G2IIIne 628 0
60 V* RW Aur TT* 05 07 49.5662483 +30 24 05.177426   10.86 9.60 9.95   K1/5e+K5e 816 0
61 2MASS J05352984-0626583 Or* 05 35 29.8502549712 -06 26 58.334492688         18.18 ~ 105 0
62 HH 34 HH 05 35 31.30 -06 28 43.0     16     ~ 493 2
63 HH 1A HH 05 36 20.70 -06 45 12.6           ~ 27 0
64 HH 1 HH 05 36 20.8 -06 45 13           ~ 415 1
65 V* V2669 Ori Or* 05 36 21.4043992080 -06 45 36.724323204   20.1 17.813   14.344 K5.1 70 0
66 NAME HH 1-2 HH 05 36 22.8 -06 46 03           ~ 209 1
67 GBS-VLA J053622.86-064606.6 Y*O 05 36 22.84 -06 46 06.2           ~ 111 0
68 NAME Ori A MoC 05 38 -07.1           ~ 3187 0
69 LDN 1641 MoC 05 39.0 -07 00           ~ 502 0
70 NAME Ori B MoC 05 41 43.0 -01 54 44           ~ 1498 0
71 [ZMR98] SB1 ? 05 43 50.36 -01 03 28.1           ~ 9 0
72 [ZMR98] SK7 ? 05 43 50.76 -01 03 15.4           ~ 4 0
73 [ZMR98] SK2 ? 05 43 51.18 -01 03 01.8           ~ 10 0
74 [ZMR98] SK1 ? 05 43 51.28 -01 02 58.3           ~ 14 0
75 [CAZ2013] HH 212 MMS2 smm 05 43 51.38 -01 02 53.0           ~ 3 0
76 [CCG2007] MM1 smm 05 43 51.4100 -01 02 53.160           ~ 17 1
77 HH 212 HH 05 43 51.41 -01 02 53.1           ~ 443 1
78 [CAZ2013] HH 212 MMS3 smm 05 43 51.48 -01 02 53.8           ~ 4 0
79 IRAS 05413-0104 IR 05 43 51.5 -01 02 52           ~ 82 0
80 [ZMR98] NK1 ? 05 43 51.56 -01 02 48.2           ~ 10 0
81 [ZMR98] NK2 ? 05 43 51.67 -01 02 43.8           ~ 9 0
82 LDN 1630 DNe 05 45.5 -00 59           ~ 392 0
83 HH 26 HH 05 46 05.1 -00 14 17           ~ 100 1
84 HH 111 HH 05 51 44.207 +02 48 33.87           ~ 418 0
85 HGBS J055146.1+024829 Y*O 05 51 46.3 +02 48 28           ~ 94 0
86 2MASS J08254384-5100326 Y*O 08 25 43.85 -51 00 32.7           ~ 327 1
87 IRAS 11051-7706 Y*O 11 06 46.025 -77 22 29.67           ~ 101 0
88 NAME Cha 1 MoC 11 06 48 -77 18.0           ~ 1266 1
89 [B2001b] IRS 1 Y*O 12 01 36.53040 -65 08 51.9180           ~ 167 0
90 BHR 71 MoC 12 01 37 -65 08.8           ~ 163 0
91 IRAS 15398-3359 Y*? 15 43 02.21016 -34 09 07.7112       18.38 21.72 ~ 215 0
92 NAME Lupus Complex SFR 16 03 -38.1           ~ 851 0
93 GSS 30 Y*O 16 26 21.38160 -24 23 04.0524           ~ 223 1
94 NAME VLA 1623-243 Y*O 16 26 26.42 -24 24 30.0           ~ 429 0
95 VSSG 30 Y*O 16 26 44.19504 -24 34 48.3492           ~ 138 0
96 Elia 2-29 Y*O 16 27 09.43032 -24 37 18.7716           ~ 296 1
97 YLW 16A Y*O 16 27 28.02744 -24 39 33.5052           K8 205 0
98 YLW 16B Or* 16 27 29.43528 -24 39 16.1892           ~ 108 0
99 NAME Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud SFR 16 28 06 -24 32.5           ~ 3969 1
100 IRAS 16285-2355 Y*O 16 31 35.65752 -24 01 29.4708           ~ 178 0
101 HBC 650 TT* 16 34 29.32 -15 47 01.4           K3.0 184 2
102 IRAS 18148-0440 Y*O 18 17 29.94 -04 39 39.3           ~ 97 0
103 NAME Serpens Cloud SFR 18 29 49 +01 14.8           ~ 1195 1
104 GCNM 23 Y*O 18 29 49.63 +01 15 21.9           ~ 291 2
105 NAME Serpens SMM 4 cor 18 29 57.1 +01 13 15           ~ 143 0
106 NAME SERPENS SMM 3 Y*O 18 29 59.28 +01 14 01.7           ~ 111 1
107 LBN 028.77+03.43 HII 18 31 26.5 -02 04 22           ~ 255 2
108 CHLT 3 * 19 01 48.10 -36 57 22.7           K6V 37 0
109 IRAS 18595-3712 Y*O 19 02 58.706 -37 07 34.67           ~ 60 0
110 NAME LDN 723-mm smm 19 17 53.70 +19 12 20.0           ~ 21 0
111 LDN 663 DNe 19 36 55 +07 34.4           ~ 698 0
112 LDN 1157 DNe 20 39 06.4 +68 02 13           ~ 606 0
113 NAME Cepheus Cloud SFR 22 00.0 +76 30           ~ 165 0
114 HH 377 HH 23 03 +61.7           ~ 23 2
115 NAME Cep E HII 23 03 12.779 +61 42 25.75           ~ 183 0
116 NAME III CEP ASSOC As* 23 04.2 +63 24           ~ 332 0
117 NAME Aquarius Region reg ~ ~           ~ 37 0
118 HH 501 HH ~ ~           ~ 9 0
119 PHK 1 PoC ~ ~           ~ 8 0
120 [EMB94] HH 1 G1J HH ~ ~           ~ 2 0

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