2021A&A...653A..71F

Aims. We present a statistical analysis of different characteristics of ringed spiral galaxies with the aim of assessing the effects of rings on disk galaxy properties.
Methods. We built a catalog of ringed galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14 (SDSS-DR14). Via visual inspection of SDSS images, we classified the face-on spiral galaxies brighter than g<16.0mag into galaxies with: an inner ring, an outer ring, a nuclear ring, both an inner and an outer ring, and a pseudo-ring. In addition to rings, we recorded morphological types and the existence of bars, lenses, and galaxy pair companions with or without interaction. With the goal of providing an appropriate quantification of the influence of rings on galaxy properties, we also constructed a suitable control sample of non-ringed galaxies with similar redshift, magnitude, morphology, and local density environment distributions to those of ringed ones.
Results. We found 1868 ringed galaxies, accounting for 22% of the full sample of spiral galaxies. In addition, within galaxies with ringed structures, 46% have an inner ring, 10% an outer ring, 20% both an inner and an outer ring, 6% a nuclear ring, and 18% a partial ring. Moreover, 64% of the ringed galaxies present bars. We also found that ringed galaxies have both a lower efficiency of star formation activity and older stellar populations (as derived with the D_n(4000) spectral index) with respect to non-ringed disk objects from the control sample. Moreover, there is a significant excess of ringed galaxies with red colors. These effects are more important for ringed galaxies that have inner rings and bars with respect to their counterparts that have some other types of rings and are non-barred. The color-magnitude and color-color diagrams show that ringed galaxies are mostly concentrated in the red region, while non-ringed spiral objects are more extended to the blue zone. Galaxies with ringed structures present an excess of high metallicity values compared to non-ringed ones, which show a 12 + Log(O/H) distribution toward lower values. These findings seem to indicate that rings are peculiar structures that produce an accelerating galactic evolution, strongly altering the physical properties of their host galaxies.