2021A&A...653A.168J

Aims. In this work, I present the cumulative effects of passing stars on planetary disks and I explore the orbital modification of their components as a consequence of multiple stellar encounters. I analyze the effects of masses of the passing stars and look for differences between the effects of four encounters with low masses of 0.1M_☉, as well as a single 0.4M_☉ stellar encounter on a 100a.u. planetary disk.
Methods. I applied the chi-squared (χ²) test to estimate the correlation between the resulting parameters of orbits after single and multiple impacts. I found that the χ² value is equal to 0.666 and the probability index is equal to 0.955.
Results. This first approach suggests that three or four low-mass multiple encounters can produce comparable orbits of planets as produced by a single massive encounter.