2021ApJ...908L...2S

Query : 2021ApJ...908L...2S

2021ApJ...908L...2S - Astrophys. J., 908, L2-L2 (2021/February-2)

Identifying black hole central engines in gamma-ray bursts.

SHARMA V., IYYANI S. and BHATTACHARYA D.

Abstract (from CDS):

The nature of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) central engine still remains an enigma. Entities widely believed to be capable of powering the extreme jets are magnetars and black holes. The maximum rotational energy that is available in a millisecond magnetar to form a jet is ∼1052 erg. We identify eight long GRBs whose jet-opening angle-corrected energetics of the prompt emission episode are >1052 erg with high confidence level and, therefore, their central engines are expected to be black holes. The majority of these GRBs present significant emission in the sub-GeV energy range. The X-ray afterglow light curves of these bursts do not show any shallow decay behavior such as a plateau; however, a few cases exhibit flares and multiple breaks instead of a single power-law decay. For a minimum mass of the black hole (∼2 M☉), we find the efficiency of producing a jet from its rotational energy to range between 2% and 270%. Highly energetic jets requiring high efficiencies implies that either the mass of these black holes are much larger or there are, in addition, other sources of energy that power the jet. By considering the Blandford-Znajek mechanism of jet formation, we estimate the masses of these black holes to range between ∼2 and 60 M☉. Some of the lighter black holes formed in these catastrophic events are likely candidates to lie in the mass-gap region (2-5 M☉).

Abstract Copyright: © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): Gamma-ray bursts - Black holes - Magnetars - High energy astrophysics

Simbad objects: 136

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Number of rows : 136
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 GRB 180720B gB 00 02 06.99 -02 55 07.8           ~ 215 0
2 Fermi bn160629930 gB 00 19 27.17 +76 58 02.4           ~ 39 0
3 Fermi bn180703876 gB 00 25 52.72 -67 10 47.9           ~ 35 0
4 GRB 170607A gB 00 29 27.84 +09 14 35.5           ~ 62 0
5 Fermi bn150120123 G 00 41 16.5630 +33 59 42.598           ~ 70 0
6 Fermi bn131231198 gB 00 42 44.0 -01 29 40           ~ 103 0
7 Fermi bn100117879 G 00 45 04.6610 -01 35 42.020           ~ 155 0
8 SN 2010ma SN* 00 48 55.35 -34 33 59.5           SNIc 190 1
9 Fermi bn111117510 gB 00 50 46.220 +23 00 39.22           ~ 141 0
10 Fermi bn140703026 gB 00 51 58.99 +45 06 05.4           ~ 90 0
11 Fermi bn120729456 gB 00 52 17.84 +49 56 23.1           ~ 122 0
12 GrW 190814 GWE 00 55.8 -27 05           ~ 433 0
13 GRB 181020A gB 00 55 55.77 -47 22 50.6           ~ 61 0
14 Fermi bn081221681 gB 01 03 10.2 -24 32 53           ~ 186 0
15 GRB 100625A gB 01 03 10.98 -39 05 18.3           ~ 124 0
16 Fermi bn100814160 gB 01 29 53.61 -17 59 43.6           ~ 219 0
17 GRB 081222 gB 01 30 57.76 -34 05 44.0           ~ 199 0
18 GRB 100906A gB 01 54 44.19 +55 37 49.8           ~ 233 0
19 Fermi bn091208410 gB 01 57 38.50 +16 52 50.7           ~ 220 0
20 Fermi bn140304557 gB 02 02 33.90 +33 28 27.9           ~ 106 0
21 Fermi bn090113778 gB 02 08 16.00 +33 26 08.4           ~ 92 0
22 GRB 131011A gB 02 10 06.11 -04 24 42.5           ~ 45 0
23 SN 2009nz SN* 02 26 19.87 -18 57 08.6           ~ 307 1
24 Fermi bn130925164 gB 02 44 42.38 -26 09 15.8           ~ 184 0
25 Fermi bn110213220 gB 02 51 51.37 +49 16 21.2           ~ 175 0
26 SN 2013ez SN* 02 53 56.70 +13 23 13.6           ~ 118 0
27 Fermi bn100728439 gB 02 56 13.44 +00 16 51.6           ~ 142 0
28 GRB 140801A gB 02 56 16.50 +30 56 16.8           ~ 55 0
29 SN 2019oyw SN* 02 58 10.510 -08 57 27.20           ~ 218 0
30 GRB 191011A gB 02 58 54.70 -27 50 43.4           ~ 38 0
31 Fermi bn090926914 gB 03 05 14.30 -38 59 50.9           ~ 149 1
32 PSO J047.1631+13.1580 G 03 08 39.14930640 +13 09 29.0253240           ~ 144 0
33 GRB 140907A gB 03 12 34.98 +46 36 17.2           ~ 81 0
34 GRB 181010A gB 03 30 16.88 -23 02 17.9           ~ 39 0
35 GRB 190114C gB 03 38 01.18 -26 56 47.8           ~ 343 0
36 Fermi bn170113420 gB 04 06 59 -71 56.0           ~ 64 0
37 GRB 171010A gB 04 26 19.41 -10 27 47.9           SNIc-BL 109 0
38 Fermi bn131105087 gB 04 43 53.50 -63 00 17.7           ~ 95 0
39 Fermi bn120907017 gB 04 58 59.99 -09 18 53.7           ~ 89 0
40 Fermi bn150514774 gB 04 59 30.45 -60 58 07.0           ~ 51 0
41 Fermi bn141004973 gB 05 06 56.11 +12 49 10.1           ~ 75 0
42 Fermi bn100728095 gB 05 55 02.00 -15 15 20.2           ~ 157 0
43 Fermi bn150301818 gB 05 56 40.04 -57 58 10.4           ~ 67 0
44 GRB 081121 gB 05 57 07.70 -60 36 42.1           ~ 152 0
45 GRB 090328 gB 06 02 39.69 -41 52 55.1           ~ 194 1
46 Fermi bn120711115 gB 06 18 42.839 -70 59 56.78           ~ 125 0
47 Fermi bn080928628 gB 06 20 16.85 -55 11 59.3           ~ 187 0
48 Fermi bn180314030 gB 06 37 03.66 -24 29 46.5           ~ 46 0
49 GRB 140213A gB 07 00 37.18 -73 08 14.1           ~ 102 0
50 Fermi bn120119170 gB 08 00 06.940 -09 04 53.83           ~ 193 0
51 Fermi bn120118709 gB 08 19 29.05 -07 11 05.1           ~ 87 0
52 Fermi bn150314205 gB 08 26 40.82 +63 50 03.4           ~ 117 0
53 Fermi bn180205184 gB 08 27 16.72 +11 32 32.6           ~ 60 0
54 GRB 090102 gB 08 32 59.50 +33 06 25.7           ~ 253 0
55 Fermi bn111107035 gB 08 37 54.66 -66 31 12.3           ~ 97 0
56 Fermi bn110106893 gB 08 56 37.0 +47 00 10           ~ 82 0
57 Fermi bn090516353 gB 09 12 59 -11 50.9           ~ 173 0
58 Fermi bn141225959 gB 09 15 06.77 +33 47 30.9           ~ 64 0
59 Fermi bn161017745 gB 09 31 04.53 +43 07 35.0           ~ 75 0
60 Fermi bn140206304 gB 09 41 16.90 +66 45 42.7           ~ 149 0
61 GRB 171222A gB 09 53 06.69 +35 37 36.1           ~ 57 0
62 Fermi bn090423330 gB 09 55 33.19 +18 08 57.7           ~ 392 0
63 Fermi bn111228657 gB 10 00 16.04 +18 17 52.2           ~ 201 0
64 GRB 131108A gB 10 26 00.480 +09 39 44.05           ~ 96 0
65 Fermi bn120712571 gB 11 18 21.16 -20 02 01.1           ~ 90 0
66 Fermi bn120624933 gB 11 23 31.98 +08 55 42.1           ~ 100 0
67 SN 2013cq SN* 11 32 32.84 +27 41 56.2           SNIc 613 1
68 Fermi bn091020900 gB 11 42 55.20 +50 58 42.0           ~ 188 0
69 Fermi bn100615083 gB 11 48 49.25 -19 28 52.2           ~ 133 0
70 GALEX J123205.0-105600 Bz? 12 32 04.9717245480 -10 56 00.722548932         16.421 ~ 186 0
71 GRB 090424 gB 12 38 07.40 +16 49 45.9           ~ 269 0
72 Fermi bn090323002 gB 12 42 50.28 +17 03 11.9           ~ 244 1
73 Fermi bn100414097 gB 12 48 30.0 +08 41 35           ~ 136 0
74 Fermi bn170705115 gB 12 49 +17.9           ~ 66 0
75 Fermi bn110128073 gB 12 55 35.10 +28 03 54.1           ~ 80 0
76 Fermi bn141220252 gB 13 00 15.70 +32 08 47.2           ~ 81 0
77 Fermi bn121211574 gB 13 02 07.99 +30 08 54.6           ~ 99 0
78 Fermi bn130420313 gB 13 04 25.49 +59 25 26.8           ~ 112 0
79 Fermi bn140423356 gB 13 09 06.20 +49 50 18.3           ~ 114 0
80 GrW 170817 GWE 13 09 48.0850 -23 22 53.343           ~ 2683 0
81 Fermi bn141221338 gB 13 13 09.02 +08 12 18.3           ~ 76 0
82 Fermi bn120811649 gB 13 18 43.82 +62 18 02.8           ~ 113 0
83 GRB 150727A gB 13 35 52.52 -18 19 32.7           ~ 59 0
84 SN 2013dx SN* 14 29 14.77 +15 46 26.6           ~ 178 0
85 Fermi bn170405777 gB 14 39 18.66 -25 14 36.9           ~ 75 0
86 Fermi bn140808038 gB 14 44 53.27 +49 12 52.7           ~ 45 0
87 Fermi bn160804065 gB 14 46 31.20 +09 59 56.1           ~ 79 0
88 Fermi bn130610133 gB 14 57 40.91 +28 12 25.8           ~ 89 0
89 Fermi bn140623224 gB 15 01 53.41 +81 11 29.0           ~ 34 0
90 GRB 190719C gB 16 00 49.50 +13 00 00.6           ~ 43 0
91 Fermi bn101213451 gB 16 05 15.27 +21 53 50.5           ~ 68 0
92 GRB 091003A gB 16 46 04.680 +36 37 31.08           ~ 135 0
93 SN 2018fip SN* 16 54 15.64 -54 02 39.5           SNIc-BL 83 0
94 Fermi bn170903534 gB 16 58 06.22 +34 58 44.6           ~ 42 0
95 GRB 140508A gB 17 01 51.95 +46 46 49.5           ~ 76 0
96 GRB 170214A gB 17 05 21.94 -01 53 14.9           ~ 54 0
97 Fermi bn130612141 gB 17 19 10.63 +16 43 11.8           ~ 89 0
98 Fermi bn090902462 gB 17 39 45.26 +27 19 28.1           ~ 440 0
99 Fermi bn151027166 gB 18 09 56.87 +61 21 12.3           ~ 143 0
100 Fermi bn120326056 gB 18 15 37.06 +69 15 35.4           ~ 188 0
101 GRB 120909A gB 18 22 56.81 -59 26 54.9           ~ 103 0
102 Fermi bn140506880 gB 18 27 06.04 -55 38 08.7           ~ 113 0
103 Fermi bn081008832 gB 18 39 52.40 -57 25 58.8           ~ 224 0
104 Fermi bn160821937 gB 18 39 54.550 +62 23 30.35           ~ 190 0
105 Fermi bn110731465 gB 18 42 00.99 -28 32 13.8           ~ 193 0
106 Fermi bn140620219 gB 18 47 29.00 +49 43 51.0           ~ 37 0
107 Fermi bn080905499 G 19 10 42.0450 -18 52 54.510           ~ 200 0
108 Fermi bn140512814 gB 19 17 28.81 -15 05 39.5           ~ 133 0
109 GRB 090618 gB 19 36 01.80 +78 21 07.1           ~ 358 0
110 Fermi bn131004904 gB 19 44 27.20 -02 57 31.0           ~ 113 0
111 Fermi bn121128212 gB 20 02 23.88 +54 17 59.1           ~ 128 0
112 Fermi bn080905705 gB 20 06 57.93 -62 33 46.8           ~ 119 0
113 GRB 160625B gB 20 34 23.67 +06 55 11.1           ~ 235 0
114 GRB 150403A gB 20 46 01.17 -62 42 40.1           ~ 116 0
115 Fermi bn160509374 gB 20 47 00.90 +76 06 30.1           ~ 141 0
116 Fermi bn120716712 gB 20 52 12.17 +09 35 53.9           ~ 72 0
117 GRB 160623A gB 21 01 11.54 +42 13 15.5           ~ 73 0
118 Fermi bn161129300 gB 21 04 54.66 +32 08 05.5           ~ 65 0
119 Fermi bn110818860 gB 21 09 20.890 -63 58 51.80           ~ 92 0
120 GRB 161117A gB 21 28 12.59 -29 36 49.9           ~ 74 0
121 GRB 141028A gB 21 30 24.46 -00 13 55.6           ~ 109 0
122 iPTF 14bfu SN* 21 52 30.00 +32 00 52.5           SNIc 80 0
123 Fermi bn080804972 gB 21 54 41.90 -53 11 20.2           ~ 158 0
124 Fermi bn160624477 gB 22 00 46.21 +29 38 37.8           ~ 69 0
125 Fermi bn081109293 gB 22 03 11.50 -54 42 40.5           ~ 125 1
126 GRB 161014A gB 22 10 35.42 +07 28 07.6           ~ 69 0
127 Fermi bn090510016 G 22 14 12.6230 -26 34 58.550           ~ 548 0
128 Fermi bn080916406 gB 22 25 09.30 -57 01 33.7           ~ 177 0
129 Fermi bn091024380 gB 22 37 +56.9           ~ 151 0
130 Fermi bn150821406 gB 22 47 39.15 -57 53 38.2           ~ 71 0
131 Fermi bn090927422 gB 22 55 53.41 -70 58 49.3           ~ 112 0
132 Fermi bn100816026 gB 23 26 57.56 +26 34 42.6           ~ 170 0
133 Fermi bn090926181 gB 23 33 36.18 -66 19 25.9           ~ 339 0
134 GRB 130518A gB 23 42 39.79 +47 27 55.2           ~ 86 0
135 Fermi bn080810549 gB 23 47 08.00 +00 18 35.1           ~ 240 0
136 Fermi bn180620660 gB 23 50 05.07 -57 57 44.7           ~ 53 0

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