2021ApJ...919..141H

Query : 2021ApJ...919..141H

2021ApJ...919..141H - Astrophys. J., 919, 141-141 (2021/October-1)

X-ray constraints on the hot gas content of early-type galaxies in Virgo.

HOU M., LI Z., JONES C., FORMAN W. and SU Y.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a systematic study of the diffuse hot gas around early-type galaxies (ETGs) residing in the Virgo cluster, based on archival Chandra observations. Our representative sample consists of 79 galaxies with low-to-intermediate stellar masses (M* ≃ 109–11 M☉), a mass range that has not been extensively explored with X-ray observations thus far. We detect diffuse X-ray emission in only eight galaxies and find that in five cases a substantial fraction of the detected emission can be unambiguously attributed to truly diffuse hot gas, based on their spatial distribution and spectral properties. For the individually nondetected galaxies, we constrain their average X-ray emission by performing a stacking analysis, finding a specific X-ray luminosity of LX/M*∼1028ergs–1M☉–1, which is consistent with unresolved stellar populations. The apparent paucity of truly diffuse hot gas in these low- and intermediate-mass ETGs may be the result of efficient ram pressure stripping by the hot intracluster medium. However, we also find no significant diffuse hot gas in a comparison sample of 57 field ETGs of similar stellar masses, for which archival Chandra observations with similar sensitivity are available. This points to the alternative possibility that galactic winds evacuate the hot gas from the inner region of low- and intermediate-mass ETGs, regardless of the galactic environment. Nevertheless, we do find strong morphological evidence for ongoing ram pressure stripping in two galaxies (NGC 4417 and NGC 4459). A better understanding of the roles of ram pressure stripping and galactic winds in regulating the hot gas content of ETGs invites sensitive X-ray observations for a large galaxy sample.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): Virgo Cluster - Early-type galaxies - X-ray astronomy - Extended radiation sources - Galaxy environments

Simbad objects: 105

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Number of rows : 105
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 147 GiG 00 33 12.120 +48 30 31.46   12.0 9.5     ~ 720 1
2 NGC 185 Sy2 00 38 57.9400026024 +48 20 15.035874648   9.10 9.2     ~ 840 1
3 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1370 1
4 ESO 540-14 Sy2 00 41 11.8324671096 -21 07 53.224151916   15.05   14.45   ~ 31 0
5 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2236 2
6 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
7 NGC 1426 GiG 03 42 49.0997091480 -22 06 30.173615028   12.21 11.44 10.90   ~ 205 0
8 NGC 1439 GiG 03 44 49.9398454104 -21 55 14.341002960   12.23   10.86   ~ 179 0
9 NGC 3193 GiP 10 18 24.884 +21 53 38.32 12.29 11.83 10.88 12.19   ~ 301 1
10 M 105 LIN 10 47 49.600 +12 34 53.87   10.56 9.76 9.12 8.18 ~ 1504 0
11 NGC 3928 SyG 11 51 47.6194275264 +48 40 59.261680020   13.1       ~ 183 0
12 IC 3019 GiG 12 09 22.257 +13 59 32.73   15.0       ~ 114 0
13 IC 3025 GiG 12 10 23.189 +10 11 18.62   15.3       ~ 84 0
14 IC 3032 GiG 12 11 07.764 +14 16 30.17   15.3       ~ 89 0
15 IC 3065 GiG 12 15 12.5592175920 +14 25 58.469336508   14.7       ~ 109 0
16 Z 69-120 GiG 12 16 33.691 +13 01 52.48   15.2       ~ 78 0
17 IC 3101 LSB 12 17 19.6485543456 +11 56 36.472097652   15.5       ~ 78 0
18 NGC 4262 GiG 12 19 30.5694336288 +14 52 39.517143276 13.00 12.49 11.55     ~ 378 1
19 NGC 4267 GiG 12 19 45.2735790120 +12 47 53.704780368   12.4       ~ 256 0
20 Z 99-21 rG 12 20 48.7985405736 +17 29 13.991194464   15.1       ~ 98 0
21 NGC 4309 GiP 12 22 12.349 +07 08 39.80   14.3       ~ 127 0
22 NGC 4309A GiP 12 22 14.7398629440 +07 10 01.648488468           ~ 70 0
23 Z 99-28 GiP 12 22 19.530 +14 45 38.11   15.2       ~ 141 0
24 Z 42-58 GiG 12 22 41.1481852272 +07 57 01.205409312   15.3       ~ 66 0
25 NGC 4318 GiG 12 22 43.2906579576 +08 11 53.850831504   14.1       ~ 139 0
26 NGC 4340 GiP 12 23 35.2816311336 +16 43 20.443217952   12.4       ~ 288 0
27 NGC 4342 GiP 12 23 39.0032044488 +07 03 14.359499100   13.0       ~ 337 0
28 NGC 4350 GiP 12 23 57.814 +16 41 36.08   11.5 11.08     ~ 331 0
29 NGC 4352 GiG 12 24 05.0220445416 +11 13 05.086056576   14.0       ~ 174 0
30 IC 3292 GiG 12 24 48.3555488664 +18 11 42.410950008   15.5       ~ 90 0
31 NGC 4371 GiG 12 24 55.4333579760 +11 42 15.144247584 12.35 11.79 10.81     ~ 345 1
32 NGC 4377 GiG 12 25 12.3315185232 +14 45 43.811084016   12.5       ~ 239 0
33 NGC 4379 GiG 12 25 14.7458757864 +15 36 26.755074576 13.05 12.63 11.72     ~ 239 1
34 IC 3328 GiP 12 25 57.9238048368 +10 03 13.552350912   14.9       ~ 172 0
35 M 86 GiG 12 26 11.814 +12 56 45.49 10.32 9.83 8.90   7.50 ~ 1126 1
36 NGC 4417 GiP 12 26 50.6084412168 +09 35 03.354168804   12.2       ~ 268 0
37 NGC 4434 GiG 12 27 36.6771662112 +08 09 15.640206876   13.2       ~ 275 0
38 NGC 4435 GiG 12 27 40.503 +13 04 44.48 12.23 11.74 10.80     ~ 474 2
39 NGC 4438 LIN 12 27 45.6705493536 +13 00 31.708096380 11.37 11.02 10.17     ~ 668 2
40 Z 42-118 GiG 12 27 54.8304258888 +08 05 25.375209180   15.2 14.72     ~ 77 0
41 NGC 4442 GiG 12 28 03.8815318272 +09 48 13.426522272   11.2       ~ 298 0
42 IC 3383 GiG 12 28 12.3076321056 +10 17 51.446913720   15.5 15.18     ~ 91 0
43 IC 3381 LSB 12 28 14.8698618648 +11 47 23.359165728   14.42       ~ 173 1
44 NGC 4452 GiG 12 28 43.2980346552 +11 45 18.201826692 13.27 12.87 11.98     ~ 215 1
45 NGC 4458 GiP 12 28 57.5613938232 +13 14 30.946545276 13.27 12.93 12.07     ~ 429 2
46 NGC 4459 H2G 12 29 00.0329905416 +13 58 42.826603332   11.6       ~ 567 0
47 NGC 4461 GiP 12 29 03.010 +13 11 01.88 12.56 12.09 11.19     ~ 247 2
48 NGC 4464 GiG 12 29 21.2937802368 +08 09 23.807609316   13.5       ~ 242 0
49 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2174 2
50 NGC 4473 GiG 12 29 48.878 +13 25 45.55 11.60 11.16 10.20     ~ 671 1
51 NGC 4474 GiG 12 29 53.5396737408 +14 04 06.881708604   12.6       ~ 278 0
52 NGC 4477 Sy2 12 30 02.1955766304 +13 38 11.543715888 11.98 11.38 10.42     ~ 419 2
53 NGC 4482 GiG 12 30 10.3245430152 +10 46 46.088237784   14.2       ~ 182 0
54 NGC 4479 GiG 12 30 18.3716396496 +13 34 39.522722196 13.73 13.40 12.44     ~ 197 2
55 NGC 4483 GiG 12 30 40.6442816856 +09 00 56.391019596   13.4       ~ 179 0
56 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
57 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
58 NGC 4489 GiG 12 30 52.2472748976 +16 45 31.866359004   13.2       ~ 264 0
59 IC 3442 GiG 12 31 20.1836306184 +14 06 54.669163572   15.4       ~ 109 0
60 IC 3468 GiG 12 32 14.2119323256 +10 15 05.173970472   14.6       ~ 148 0
61 IC 3470 GiP 12 32 23.353 +11 15 47.56   15.0       ~ 125 0
62 IC 798 GiG 12 32 33.4026417888 +15 24 55.432700280   15.3       ~ 108 0
63 NGC 4515 GiG 12 33 04.9652329656 +16 15 55.889535096   13.3       ~ 157 0
64 IC 3487 GiG 12 33 13.601 +09 23 49.76   15.1       ~ 85 0
65 IC 3490 rG 12 33 13.902 +10 55 42.73   15.6       ~ 83 0
66 IC 3492 GiC 12 33 19.772 +12 51 12.77   15 15.30     ~ 94 0
67 VCC 1512 GiC 12 33 34.6393912344 +11 15 42.734036952           ~ 66 1
68 IC 3501 GiG 12 33 51.6142478304 +13 19 20.832571596   15.0       ~ 106 0
69 NGC 4528 GiG 12 34 06.0685723920 +11 19 16.528093428 13.39 12.97 12.06     ~ 201 1
70 IC 3506 GiC 12 34 06.739 +12 44 29.75   16.67 15.93   14.1 ~ 99 0
71 IC 3509 GiG 12 34 11.5324571232 +12 02 56.163023196   15.3       ~ 125 0
72 NGC 4550 GiP 12 35 30.5913588048 +12 13 14.921166792 12.97 12.56 11.68     ~ 558 1
73 2MASX J12353723+1222554 GiP 12 35 37.2512550384 +12 22 55.234598772   15.41       ~ 103 0
74 NGC 4551 GiP 12 35 37.9542692328 +12 15 50.284593432 13.49 12.97 12.02     ~ 371 1
75 M 89 Sy2 12 35 39.80733343 +12 33 22.8308657 11.29 10.73 9.75     ~ 1037 2
76 LEDA 42046 AG? 12 36 24.7789709448 +10 23 04.828762356   16       ~ 84 0
77 NGC 4570 GiG 12 36 53.3828233728 +07 14 47.697174852   11.8       ~ 342 0
78 IC 3586 GiG 12 36 54.858 +12 31 12.49   15.3       ~ 114 0
79 NGC 4578 GiG 12 37 30.5571349752 +09 33 18.241180344   12.9       ~ 297 0
80 IC 3602 GiG 12 38 07.097 +10 04 57.22   15.5       ~ 86 0
81 IC 3612 AG? 12 39 04.6894168320 +14 43 45.543873900   15.4       ~ 78 0
82 IC 3633 GiG 12 40 11.2491451848 +09 53 46.054801392   15.4       ~ 82 0
83 IC 3635 GiG 12 40 13.334 +12 52 29.98   15.5       ~ 86 0
84 Z 99-108 AG? 12 40 19.6847934264 +15 56 06.912529044   14.9       ~ 74 0
85 IC 3647 GiG 12 40 52.6818722640 +10 28 35.428593144   15.3       ~ 76 0
86 IC 3652 GiG 12 40 58.5602846328 +11 11 04.080925212   15.1       ~ 127 0
87 IC 3653 GiG 12 41 15.7273825296 +11 23 13.997694300   14.7       ~ 122 0
88 NGC 4612 GiG 12 41 32.7539216616 +07 18 53.535354804   11.90       ~ 228 1
89 IC 3663 GiC 12 41 39.412 +12 14 50.63   15.65     14.0 ~ 81 0
90 NGC 4648 GiG 12 41 44.3891511144 +74 25 15.700353240   12.6       ~ 125 0
91 Z 70-219 AG? 12 41 51.987 +09 24 10.20   15.3       ~ 82 0
92 IC 809 GiG 12 42 08.6673855720 +11 45 15.438923748   15.1       ~ 118 0
93 NGC 4623 GiG 12 42 10.6913697096 +07 40 37.130799216   13.24       ~ 210 1
94 NGC 4638 GiP 12 42 47.4239240016 +11 26 32.970950556   12.2 11.23     ~ 295 1
95 IC 3693 GiG 12 42 58.034 +10 40 54.93   15.4       ~ 63 0
96 M 60 GiC 12 43 39.9708251934 +11 33 09.688174067   10.3       ~ 1395 1
97 Z 71-21 AG? 12 44 11.982 +12 56 30.64   15.3       ~ 73 0
98 NGC 4660 GiP 12 44 31.9814021280 +11 11 25.739106972   12.1       ~ 434 0
99 IC 3735 AG? 12 45 20.4211125864 +13 41 33.601364304   15.1       ~ 101 0
100 IC 3773 GiG 12 47 15.2968038432 +10 12 12.944157012   14.3       ~ 142 0
101 IC 3779 GiG 12 47 20.281 +12 09 59.58   15.5     13.3 ~ 88 0
102 NGC 4754 GiP 12 52 17.563 +11 18 49.18   11.6       ~ 295 0
103 NGC 5102 EmG 13 21 57.6100832352 -36 37 48.395156160   9.74 9.65 8.47 10.2 ~ 389 1
104 NGC 5582 GiP 14 20 43.1108121696 +39 41 36.927369816   13.0       ~ 128 0
105 NGC 5638 GiP 14 29 40.3717451400 +03 13 59.987811648 12.57 12.14 11.20     ~ 252 2

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