2021ApJ...923L..27S

Based on observations with the IRAM 30 m and Yebes 40 m telescopes, we report evidence of the detection of Milky Way-like, low-excitation molecular gas, up to the transition CO(J = 5-4), in a distant, dusty star-forming galaxy at z_CO = 1.60454. WISE J122651.0+214958.8 (alias SDSS J1226, the Cosmic Seahorse), is strongly lensed by a foreground galaxy cluster at z = 0.44 with a source magnification of µ = 9.5 ± 0.7. This galaxy was selected by cross-correlating near-to-mid-infrared colors within the full-sky AllWISE survey, originally aiming to discover rare analogs of the archetypical strongly lensed submillimeter galaxy SMM J2135-0102, the Cosmic Eyelash. We derive an apparent (i.e., not corrected for lensing magnification) rest-frame 8-1000 µm infrared luminosity of µL_IR=1.66_–0.04^+0.04×10¹³L_☉ and apparent star formation rate µSFR_IR = 2960 ± 70 M_☉ yr^–1. SDSS J1226 is ultrabright at S_350µm ≃ 170 mJy and shows similarly bright low-J CO line intensities as SMM J2135-0102, however, with exceptionally small CO(J = 5-4) intensity. We consider different scenarios to reconcile our observations with typical findings of high-z starbursts, and speculate about the presence of a previously unseen star formation mechanism in cosmic noon submillimeter galaxies. In conclusion, the remarkable low line luminosity ratio r_5,2 = 0.11 ± 0.02 is best explained by an extended, main-sequence star formation mode-representing a missing link between starbursts to low-luminosity systems during the epoch of peak star formation history.