2021MNRAS.501.2790B

Query : 2021MNRAS.501.2790B

2021MNRAS.501.2790B - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 501, 2790-2809 (2021/February-3)

The Swift bulge survey: motivation, strategy, and first X-ray results.

BAHRAMIAN A., HEINKE C.O., KENNEA J.A., MACCARONE T.J., EVANS P.A., WIJNANDS R., DEGENAAR N., IN'T ZAND J.J.M., SHAW A.W., RIVERA SANDOVAL L.E., McCLURE S., TETARENKO A.J., STRADER J., KUULKERS E. and SIVAKOFF G.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Very faint X-ray transients (VFXTs) are X-ray transients with peak X-ray luminosities (LX) of LX ≲1036 erg s–1, which are not well understood. We carried out a survey of 16 deg2 of the Galactic Bulge with the Swift Observatory, using short (60 s) exposures, and returning every 2 weeks for 19 epochs in 2017-18 (with a gap from 2017 November to 2018 February, when the Bulge was in sun-constraint). Our main goal was to detect and study VFXT behaviour in the Galactic Bulge across various classes of X-ray sources. In this work, we explain the observing strategy of the survey, compare our results with the expected number of source detections per class, and discuss the constraints from our survey on the Galactic VFXT population. We detected 91 X-ray sources, 25 of which have clearly varied by a factor of at least 10. In total, 45 of these X-ray sources have known counterparts: 17 chromospherically active stars, 12 X-ray binaries, 5 cataclysmic variables (and 4 candidates), 3 symbiotic systems, 2 radio pulsars, 1 active galactic nuclei, and a young star cluster. The other 46 are of previously undetermined nature. We utilize X-ray hardness ratios, searches for optical/infrared counterparts in published catalogues, and flux ratios from quiescence to outburst to constrain the nature of the unknown sources. Of these 46, 7 are newly discovered hard transients, which are likely VFXT X-ray binaries. Furthermore, we find strong new evidence for a symbiotic nature of four sources in our full sample, and new evidence for accretion power in six X-ray sources with optical counterparts. Our findings indicate that a large subset of VXFTs is likely made up of symbiotic systems.

Abstract Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): accretion, accretion discs - surveys - X-rays: binaries - stars: neutron - stars: black holes

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/501/2790): catalog.dat>

Nomenclature: Catalog, col(1): [BHK2021] SBS XNNN N=104 among (Nos X1-X807) = Catalog, col(2): SWIFT JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS N=104.

Simbad objects: 101

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Number of rows : 101
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
2 CRTS J135716.8-093238 HXB 13 57 16.8357790008 -09 32 38.796487512           M4.5V 187 0
3 IGR J17062-6143 LXB 17 06 16.2820758768 -61 42 40.593758076           ~ 108 0
4 [KRL2007b] 241 LX? 17 28 38.97 -29 21 44.9           ~ 43 0
5 OGLE BLG-ECL-19927 EB* 17 29 07.7932239024 -24 58 31.415286756     16.411   14.631 ~ 5 0
6 2CXO J173440.8-291930 X 17 34 40.942 -29 19 29.92           ~ 2 0
7 AX J1735.1-2930 X 17 35.1 -29 30           ~ 3 0
8 UCAC4 303-143267 Sy* 17 35 08.3086666176 -29 29 58.074023976   13.406 11.822 11.384   K4II/IIIe 7 0
9 HD 315992 * 17 36 29.0621920680 -29 10 29.185255308   11.23 10.12 9.46 9.053 F 17 0
10 Granat 1734-292 Sy2 17 37 28.3811310912 -29 08 02.119558272           ~ 160 1
11 2CXO J173757.3-275215 X 17 37 57.21 -27 52 10.2           ~ 1 0
12 XTE J1737-376 HX? 17 37 59.5 -37 46 20           ~ 58 1
13 2CXO J173808.8-292217 X 17 38 08.9067697608 -29 22 19.372051020           ~ 2 0
14 CD-28 13374 Ro* 17 38 26.1998770608 -29 01 49.448556408   12.10 11.19   10.061 K0V 14 0
15 2CXO J173908.3-282041 PM* 17 39 08.3561771784 -28 20 40.573942872           ~ 2 0
16 SWIFT J173918.1-292351 X 17 39 18.17 -29 23 51.7           ~ 1 0
17 HD 316072 Ro* 17 39 31.2233706000 -29 09 53.323944444   11.13 9.925   8.421 G9III 15 0
18 2CXO J173935.6-274023 * 17 39 35.7103379928 -27 40 26.366027304           ~ 2 0
19 AX J1740.1-2847 CV* 17 40 09.1329872016 -28 47 25.807690680           ~ 25 0
20 [SKM2002] 14 HX? 17 40 11.10 -29 02 54.0           ~ 15 0
21 AX J1740.3-2904 CV* 17 40 16.1015875488 -29 03 37.997284212   19.1 19.1 18.8   ~ 36 0
22 SWIFT J174016.1-290335 * 17 40 16.15 -29 03 37.4           ~ 2 0
23 UCAC4 306-135230 Y*? 17 40 23.8481996784 -28 56 52.842310980   14.544 13.075 12.735   ~ 3 0
24 [SBM2001] 9 * 17 40 24.0 -28 56 50     13.00     M0-2 8 0
25 CXOGBS J174028.3-271136 CV* 17 40 28.38 -27 11 36.3           ~ 2 0
26 TYC 6839-501-1 Y*? 17 40 34.5818409984 -29 37 43.886034084   11.89 11.26     ~ 3 0
27 2E 1737.5-2817 LXB 17 40 42.84 -28 18 08.5           ~ 87 0
28 2CXO J174046.5-283849 PM* 17 40 46.5845699448 -28 38 49.450554528           ~ 4 0
29 2CXO J174133.7-284034 CV? 17 41 33.7878672096 -28 40 34.311725580           ~ 5 0
30 2RXP J174141.9-283324 X 17 41 41.704 -28 33 24.04           ~ 3 0
31 [SBM2001] 19 PM* 17 41 41.8206234888 -28 33 23.293819008           ~ 3 0
32 2CXO J174151.3-270223 X 17 41 51.21 -27 02 26.2           ~ 1 0
33 2MASS J17421498-2914590 Y*? 17 42 14.9784388920 -29 14 59.104404996           ~ 5 0
34 1RXS J174216.4-291454 X 17 42 15.2 -29 14 59           ~ 3 0
35 2CXO J174216.9-283707 X 17 42 16.9 -28 37 01           ~ 3 0
36 SWIFT J174217.6-285651 X 17 42 17.5 -28 56 48           ~ 2 0
37 HD 160682 EB* 17 42 30.3555759312 -28 44 55.601538324   9.74 9.033 8.57 8.978 G5V 54 0
38 V* V2606 Oph CV* 17 42 40.030 -27 44 52.70     23.2     ~ 163 0
39 2CXO J174333.9-283953 X 17 43 33.87 -28 39 54.0           ~ 1 0
40 2E 3938 HXB 17 43 54.7 -29 44 44           ~ 693 1
41 2MASS J17441724-2939444 ** 17 44 17.2511073312 -29 39 44.366884128           ~ 5 0
42 IGR J17445-2747 XB? 17 44 30.4173333552 -27 46 00.509377908           ~ 34 0
43 3FHL J1746.2-2852 LXB 17 44 33.09 -28 44 27.0           ~ 559 0
44 2CXO J174445.4-295045 XB* 17 44 46.1 -29 50 57           ~ 21 0
45 2CXO J174446.0-274732 X 17 44 46.2 -27 47 27           ~ 2 0
46 KS 1741-293 LXB 17 44 51.63 -29 20 42.8           ~ 106 0
47 SWIFT J174522.1-281728 X 17 45 22.5 -28 17 33           ~ 2 0
48 SWIFT J174528.7-280917 X 17 45 29.0 -28 09 25           ~ 2 0
49 AX J1745.6-2901 LXB 17 45 35.6400 -29 01 33.888           ~ 191 1
50 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
51 CXOGC J174540.0-290031 LXB 17 45 40.03 -29 00 31.0           ~ 42 0
52 NAME Sgr A* X 17 45 40.03599 -29 00 28.1699           ~ 4970 3
53 NAME Arches Cluster Cl* 17 45 50.5 -28 49 28           ~ 792 0
54 2E 3943 LXB 17 46 05.3 -29 30 52           ~ 217 1
55 2E 3944 LXB 17 46 21.1 -28 43 39     12.50     ~ 126 0
56 [GMC2001] 13-95 LP* 17 46 21.961 -28 52 07.17           ~ 5 0
57 CXOGCS J174622.0-285201 X 17 46 22.02 -28 52 01.2           ~ 2 0
58 HD 316264 EB* 17 46 27.6245796000 -27 11 20.357850516   11.33 10.77   9.784 F8 7 0
59 2CXO J174654.3-291541 X 17 46 54.308 -29 15 42.09           ~ 8 0
60 2CXO J174656.0-303259 X 17 46 56.20 -30 33 01.1           ~ 1 0
61 2CXO J174700.8-291311 X 17 47 00.75 -29 13 10.1           ~ 2 0
62 [KRL2007b] 275 LXB 17 47 02.60 -28 52 58.9     14.20     ~ 182 0
63 V* BN Sgr EB* 17 47 05.3855089128 -28 08 59.481515868   10.02 9.42     F3V 41 0
64 NAME Mouse Rad 17 47 15.78 -29 58 01.0           ~ 120 1
65 PSR J1747-2958 Psr 17 47 15.869 -29 58 00.93           ~ 142 1
66 2CXO J174718.2-304110 X 17 47 18.21 -30 41 10.7           ~ 2 0
67 2CXO J174722.8-280904 Psr 17 47 22.89 -28 09 05.4           ~ 4 0
68 AX J1747.4-3000 LXB 17 47 26.0 -30 00 02           ~ 119 0
69 1RXS J174725.6-300241 LXB 17 47 26.2 -30 02 45           ~ 69 0
70 V* X Sgr cC* 17 47 33.6239490288 -27 49 50.835778896 5.84 5.34 4.54 6.03 3.661 F7II 354 0
71 X Sgr X-1 LXB 17 47 56.3 -26 33 47           ~ 402 0
72 OGLE BLG-ECL-116765 EB* 17 48 48.6243597264 -29 16 05.290985460         16.674 ~ 4 0
73 [HAC2010] NGC 6440 X-2 LXB 17 48 52.76 -20 21 24.0           ~ 74 0
74 HD 316308 * 17 48 54.0611237856 -28 59 31.148722104   10.61 9.57     K0 5 0
75 SWIFT J174917.8-283327 CV* 17 49 17.7 -28 33 28           ~ 4 0
76 RFS 3 Rad 17 49 39.1 -29 03 37           ~ 2 0
77 OGLE BUL-SC5 134677 V* 17 50 07.0145547264 -30 01 54.482970396     14.578   12.481 ~ 3 0
78 2CXO J175020.7-302652 X 17 50 20.74 -30 26 55.3           ~ 1 0
79 2CXO J175029.0-290003 X 17 50 29.3 -28 59 54           ~ 3 0
80 SWIFT J175035.5-293556 X 17 50 35.20 -29 35 57.2           ~ 4 0
81 HD 162120 SB* 17 50 41.0988210768 -29 16 44.308221240   8.52 8.00     A2V 14 0
82 Granat 1747-312 LXB 17 50 46.862 -31 16 28.86           ~ 135 0
83 Cl Terzan 6 GlC 17 50 47.02873 -31 16 29.6900           ~ 214 0
84 OGLE BLG-RRLYR-5497 RR* 17 52 29.0016346320 -29 16 37.975716876         18.365 ~ 10 0
85 2CXO J175233.2-293946 X 17 52 33.37 -29 39 44.3           ~ 1 0
86 SWIFT J175233.9-290952 X 17 52 33.97 -29 09 52.3           ~ 9 0
87 2CXO J175244.5-285852 X 17 52 44.663 -28 58 51.26           ~ 2 0
88 2CXO J175249.3-284010 Y*? 17 52 49.397 -28 40 10.37           ~ 3 0
89 2CXO J175253.0-292209 X 17 52 53.145 -29 22 09.40           ~ 2 0
90 2MASS J17531645-2838127 LP* 17 53 16.4630763264 -28 38 12.705177300           ~ 7 0
91 2CXO J175322.5-290535 X 17 53 22.493 -29 05 37.51           ~ 2 0
92 2CXO J175327.8-295718 CV? 17 53 27.8 -29 57 17           ~ 3 0
93 2CXO J175359.8-292906 X 17 53 59.88 -29 29 07.0           ~ 3 0
94 AX J1754.0-2929 X 17 54.0 -29 29           ~ 5 0
95 2CXO J175414.5-282150 X 17 54 14.619 -28 21 49.50           ~ 2 0
96 2CXO J175432.1-292824 X 17 54 32.15 -29 28 25.0           ~ 1 0
97 SWIFT J175516.9-293654 X 17 55 16.64 -29 36 54.1           ~ 2 0
98 OGLE BLG-ELL-12042 CV* 17 55 53.2604223002 -28 16 33.845861273     16.428   15.113 ~ 17 0
99 HD 163371 * 17 56 59.7670075536 -28 07 46.392091320   9.48 9.37     A1/2V 10 0
100 2CXO J175737.9-280953 X 17 57 37.991 -28 09 52.97           ~ 2 0
101 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4794 0

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