2021MNRAS.504.1427A

Query : 2021MNRAS.504.1427A

2021MNRAS.504.1427A - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 504, 1427-1451 (2021/June-2)

Multiwavelength variability and correlation studies of Mrk 421 during historically low X-ray and γ-ray activity in 2015-2016.

ACCIARI V.A., ANSOLDI S., ANTONELLI L.A., ASANO K., BABIC A., BANERJEE B., BAQUERO A., BARRES DE ALMEIDA U., BARRIO J.A., BECERRA GONZALEZ J., BEDNAREK W., BELLIZZI L., BERNARDINI E., BERNARDOS M., BERTI A., BESENRIEDER J., BHATTACHARYYA W., BIGONGIARI C., BLANCH O., BONNOLI G., BOSNJAK Z., BUSETTO G., CAROSI R., CERIBELLA G., CERRUTI M., CHAI Y., CHILINGARIAN A., CIKOTA S., COLAK S.M., COLOMBO E., CONTRERAS J.L., CORTINA J., COVINO S., D'AMICO G., D'ELIA V., DA VELA P., DAZZI F., DE ANGELIS A., DE LOTTO B., DELFINO M., DELGADO J., DELGADO MENDEZ C., DEPAOLI D., DI GIROLAMO T., DI PIERRO F., DI VENERE L., DO SOUTO ESPINEIRA E., DOMINIS PRESTER D., DONINI A., DORO M., FALLAH RAMAZANI V., FATTORINI A., FERRARA G., FOFFANO L., FONSECA M.V., FONT L., FRUCK C., FUKAMI S., GARCIA LOPEZ R.J., GARCZARCZYK M., GASPARYAN S., GAUG M., GIGLIETTO N., GIORDANO F., GLIWNY P., GODINOVIC N., GREEN J.G., GREEN D., HADASCH D., HAHN A., HECKMANN L., HERRERA J., HOANG J., HRUPEC D., HUTTEN M., INADA T., INOUE S., ISHIO K., IWAMURA Y., JORMANAINEN J., JOUVIN L., KAJIWARA Y., KARJALAINEN M., KERSZBERG D., KOBAYASHI Y., KUBO H., KUSHIDA J., LAMASTRA A., LELAS D., LEONE F., LINDFORS E., LOMBARDI S., LONGO F., LOPEZ M., LOPEZ-COTO R., LOPEZ-ORAMAS A., LOPORCHIO S., MACHADO DE OLIVEIRA FRAGA B., MAGGIO C., MAJUMDAR P., MAKARIEV M., MALLAMACI M., MANEVA G., MANGANARO M., MARASCHI L., MARIOTTI M., MARTINEZ M., MAZIN D., MENDER S., MICANOVIC S., MICELI D., MIENER T., MINEV M., MIRANDA J.M., MIRZOYAN R., MOLINA E., MORALEJO A., MORCUENDE D., MORENO V., MORETTI E., MUNAR-ADROVER P., NEUSTROEV V., NIGRO C., NILSSON K., NINCI D., NISHIJIMA K., NODA K., NOZAKI S., OHTANI Y., OKA T., OTERO-SANTOS J., PALATIELLO M., PANEQUE D., PAOLETTI R., PAREDES J.M., PAVLETIC L., PENIL P., PERENNES C., PERSIC M., PRADA MORONI P.G., PRANDINI E., PRIYADARSHI C., PULJAK I., RHODE W., RIBO M., RICO J., RIGHI C., RUGLIANCICH A., SAHA L., SAHAKYAN N., SAITO T., SAKURAI S., SATALECKA K., SCHLEICHER B., SCHMIDT K., SCHWEIZER T., SITAREK J., SNIDARIC I., SOBCZYNSKA D., SPOLON A., STAMERRA A., STROM D., STRZYS M., SUDA Y., SURIC T., TAKAHASHI M., TAVECCHIO F., TEMNIKOV P., TERZIC T., TESHIMA M., TORRES-ALBA N., TOSTI L., TRUZZI S., VAN SCHERPENBERG J., VANZO G., VAZQUEZ ACOSTA M., VENTURA S., VERGUILOV V., VIGORITO C.F., VITALE V., VOVK I., WILL M., ZARIC D., ARBET-ENGELS A., BAACK D., BALBO M., BECK M., BIEDERBECK N., BILAND A., BRETZ T., BRUEGGE K., BUSS J., DORNER D., ELSAESSER D., HILDEBRAND D., IOTOV R., KLINGER M., MANNHEIM K., NEISE D., NERONOV A., NOETHE M., PARAVAC A., RHODE W., SCHLEICHER B., SLIUSAR V., THEISSEN F., WALTER R., VALVERDE J., HORAN D., GIROLETTI M., PERRI M., VERRECCHIA F., LETO C., SADUN A.C., MOODY J.W., JONER M., MARSCHER A.P., JORSTAD S.G., LAHTEENMAKI A., TORNIKOSKI M., RAMAKRISHNAN V., JARVELA E., VERA R.J.C., RIGHINI S. and LIEN A.Y.

Abstract (from CDS):

We report a characterization of the multiband flux variability and correlations of the nearby (z = 0.031) blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) using data from Metsahovi, Swift, Fermi-LAT, MAGIC, FACT, and other collaborations and instruments from 2014 November till 2016 June. Mrk 421 did not show any prominent flaring activity, but exhibited periods of historically low activity above 1 TeV (F_>1 TeV_ < 1.7 x 10–12 ph cm–2 s–1) and in the 2-10 keV (X-ray) band (F_2-10 keV_< 3.6×10–11 erg cm–2 s–1), during which the Swift-BAT data suggest an additional spectral component beyond the regular synchrotron emission. The highest flux variability occurs in X-rays and very high-energy (E > 0.1 TeV) γ-rays, which, despite the low activity, show a significant positive correlation with no time lag. The HRkeV and HRTeV show the harder-when-brighter trend observed in many blazars, but the trend flattens at the highest fluxes, which suggests a change in the processes dominating the blazar variability. Enlarging our data set with data from years 2007 to 2014, we measured a positive correlation between the optical and the GeV emission over a range of about 60 d centred at time lag zero, and a positive correlation between the optical/GeV and the radio emission over a range of about 60 d centred at a time lag of 43+9–6 d. This observation is consistent with the radio-bright zone being located about 0.2 parsec downstream from the optical/GeV emission regions of the jet. The flux distributions are better described with a lognormal function in most of the energy bands probed, indicating that the variability in Mrk 421 is likely produced by a multiplicative process.

Abstract Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): radiation mechanisms: non-thermal - methods: data analysis - methods: observational - galaxies: active - BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421

Simbad objects: 12

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Number of rows : 12
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
2 PMN J0509+0541 BLL 05 09 25.9644373872 +05 41 35.333820420 15.32 14.95 14.78 15.12   ~ 589 2
3 M 1 SNR 05 34 31.8 +22 01 03           ~ 6516 1
4 Z 184-50 BLL 11 04 27.3140835504 +38 12 31.798495872   13.50 12.90 8.31   ~ 2841 1
5 * 51 UMa PM* 11 04 31.2283728072 +38 14 28.900070520   6.18 6.02 7.39 5.86 A3Vp 83 0
6 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
7 Z 225-7 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2304 2
8 HD 226868 HXB 19 58 21.6757355952 +35 12 05.784512688 9.38 9.72 8.91 8.42   O9.7Iabpvar 4590 0
9 DR 21 SFR 20 39 01.6 +42 19 38           O4.5 1121 0
10 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2541 1
11 PKS J2158-3013 BLL 21 58 52.0652249880 -30 13 32.118447792   13.36 13.09 12.62   ~ 1829 1
12 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2397 1

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