2021MNRAS.504.3338P

Query : 2021MNRAS.504.3338P

2021MNRAS.504.3338P - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 504, 3338-3353 (2021/July-1)

The spectra of IceCube neutrino candidate sources - I. Optical spectroscopy of blazars.

PAIANO S., FALOMO R., TREVES A., PADOVANI P., GIOMMI P. and SCARPA R.

Abstract (from CDS):

There is mounting evidence that ultra-energetic neutrinos of astrophysical origin may be associated with blazars. Here, we investigate a unique sample of 47 blazars, ∼20 of which could be new neutrino sources. In particular, we focus on 17 objects of yet unknown redshift, for which we present optical spectroscopy secured at the Gran Telescopio Canarias and the ESO Very Large Telescope. We find all sources but one (a quasar) to be BL Lac objects. For nine targets we are able to determine the redshift (0.09 < z < 1.6), while for the others we set a lower limit on it, based on either the robust detection of intervening absorption systems or on an estimation derived from the absence of spectral signatures of the host galaxy. In some spectra, we detect forbidden and semiforbidden emission lines with luminosities in the range 1040-1041 erg s–1. We also report on the spectroscopy of seven blazars possibly associated with energetic neutrinos that partially meet the criteria of our sample and are discussed in the Appendix. These results represent the starting point of our investigation into the real nature of these objects and their likelihood of being neutrino emitters.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - galaxies: high-redshift - BL Lacertae objects: general - gamma-rays: galaxies - neutrino

Simbad objects: 99

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Number of rows : 99
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 IceCube-160331A ev 01 02.4 +15 36           ~ 11 0
2 3HSP J010326.0+152624 BLL 01 03 26.0003786544 +15 26 24.650787336   19.75 18.55 16.4   ~ 46 1
3 IceCube-090813A ev 01 58.0 +01 14           ~ 5 0
4 PMN J0158+0101 BLL 01 58 52.7700514128 +01 01 32.909527020           ~ 44 1
5 9Y-MST J0224+1615 Bla 02 24 16.3 +16 16 00           ~ 24 0
6 ICE2016 16 ev 02 26 +19.1           ~ 10 0
7 RX J0232.8+2017 BLL 02 32 48.6148874688 +20 17 17.486717388     18.00 13.96   ~ 387 1
8 NVSS J023927+132738 BLL 02 39 27.2338101624 +13 27 38.504055421           ~ 33 1
9 IceCube-161103A ev 02 43.3 +12 34           ~ 12 0
10 ICRF J024445.6+132007 Bla 02 44 45.69332807 +13 20 07.2213396           ~ 41 1
11 LEDA 135030 BLL 03 39 13.7028495360 -17 36 00.782534268   16.27       ~ 78 1
12 IceCube-150831A ev 03 39.4 +33 58           ~ 10 0
13 IceCube-141109A ev 03 42.5 -16 30           ~ 5 0
14 1RXS J034424.5+343016 BL? 03 44 24.9562591815 +34 30 18.017699047           ~ 19 0
15 PMN J0509+0541 BLL 05 09 25.9644373872 +05 41 35.333820420 15.32 14.95 14.78 15.12   ~ 589 2
16 IceCube-150428A ev 05 23.1 -20 45           ~ 9 0
17 2MASS J05252803-2010482 BLL 05 25 28.0391161611 -20 10 48.382555910           ~ 30 1
18 1RXS J062753.2-152011 Bla 06 27 53.3767394644 -15 19 57.183152008           ~ 20 1
19 IceCube-170321A ev 06 33.3 -14 29           ~ 15 0
20 ICE2013 58 ev 06 48 -32.4           ~ 7 0
21 1RXS J064933.8-313914 BLL 06 49 33.5989252036 -31 39 20.286354937           ~ 45 0
22 SDSS J085410.16+275421.7 BLL 08 54 10.1652947088 +27 54 21.774976884   20.92 20.04 19.7   ~ 33 0
23 ICE2016 32 ev 08 56 +28.0           ~ 11 0
24 RX J0946.3+0104 BLL 09 46 20.2166039496 +01 04 52.099953780   20.92 20.17 19.6   ~ 67 1
25 RX J0955.1+3550 BLL 09 55 07.8818398488 +35 51 00.885435048   21.04 20.36 19.1   ~ 68 0
26 IceCube-200107A ev 09 55 07.90 +35 51 00.9           ~ 30 0
27 IceCube-190819A ev 09 55.2 +01 23           ~ 18 0
28 4FGL J1003.4+0205 BLL 10 03 26.6372116104 +02 04 55.633275840   19.0 19.58 18.9   ~ 28 0
29 IceCube-141209A ev 10 40.2 +06 34           ~ 12 0
30 87GB 103758.5+063247 BLL 10 40 31.6262333280 +06 17 21.764932476   20.02 16.8 19.73   ~ 81 1
31 [VV2006] J104323.9+065309 BLL 10 43 23.8820074584 +06 53 10.149821700   20.13 19.80 20   ~ 13 0
32 4FGL J1043.6+0654 Bz? 10 43 36.2 +06 54 03           ~ 13 0
33 IceCube-171015A ev 10 51.4 -15 26           ~ 11 0
34 4FGL J1055.7-1807 gam 10 55 47.7 -18 07 15           ~ 9 0
35 IceCube-130408A ev 11 08.7 +20 40           ~ 10 0
36 RX J1117.1+2014 BLL 11 17 06.2512673640 +20 14 07.380923028           ~ 159 1
37 4FGL J1124.0+2045 BLL 11 24 05.3522345064 +20 45 53.777018484       19.6   ~ 23 0
38 4FGL J1124.9+2143 BLL 11 25 03.6435263400 +21 43 00.120275328       18.1   ~ 22 0
39 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
40 NVSS J123123+142123 BLL 12 31 23.9056875672 +14 21 24.429803472     17.70 16.9   ~ 75 0
41 ICE2013 62 ev 12 32 +13.3           ~ 5 0
42 SDSS J125821.45+212351.3 BLL 12 58 21.4555723595 +21 23 51.346858831           ~ 24 1
43 2MASS J12584805-0447450 BLL 12 58 48.0460059168 -04 47 45.263736096     20.40 18.9   ~ 38 0
44 4FGL J1300.0+1753 BLL 13 00 08.5217830272 +17 55 38.004634308       19.2   ~ 19 0
45 NVSS J130214+203918 Rad 13 02 14.6552255616 +20 39 18.604831140           ~ 8 1
46 ICE2016 33 ev 13 10 +19.9           ~ 9 0
47 7C 1312+2404 BLL 13 14 43.8062104200 +23 48 26.782554060 17.15 16.83 16.57 15.4   ~ 99 2
48 ICE2016 17 ev 13 15 +32.0           ~ 14 0
49 4FGL J1321.9+3219 Bz? 13 21 55.2 +32 19 53           ~ 20 0
50 LAMOST J132247.40+321608.5 BLL 13 22 47.3998816032 +32 16 08.450699916       19.6   ~ 11 0
51 [VV2006] J133901.8-240114 BLL 13 39 01.74639481 -24 01 14.0062115   19.0 17.56 17.21   ~ 75 1
52 IceCube-131202A ev 13 46.5 -22 01           ~ 4 0
53 ICE2013 23 ev 13 55 -13.2           ~ 4 0
54 IceCube-140216A ev 13 57.6 +67 24           ~ 2 0
55 4FGL J1359.1-1152 Bz? 13 59 10.7 -11 52 58           ~ 15 0
56 RX J1404.8+6554 BLL 14 04 49.5814752144 +65 54 31.557003840   19.53 18.88 18.7   ~ 64 0
57 4FGL J1439.5-2525 Bz? 14 39 31.6 -25 25 12           ~ 20 0
58 PMN J1439-2341 BL? 14 39 59.4426367182 -23 41 40.992438791           ~ 23 1
59 4FGL J1447.0-2657 Bz? 14 46 56.8503565804 -26 56 58.313021856           ~ 26 1
60 IceCube-170506A ev 14 47.2 -26 00           ~ 7 0
61 ICE2016 15 ev 14 52 +01.9           ~ 5 0
62 4FGL J1455.0+0247 Bz? 14 55 02.8 +02 47 45           ~ 10 0
63 2MASS J14550743+0250400 BLL 14 55 07.4420817384 +02 50 40.202937528   20.32 19.63 19.3   ~ 17 1
64 IceCube-181014A ev 15 00.6 -34 48           ~ 11 0
65 3FGL J1507.6-3710 BLL 15 07 20.8116025251 -37 09 03.020415990           ~ 29 1
66 1RXS J152836.5+200423 Bla 15 28 35.7704227448 +20 04 20.131877748           ~ 21 0
67 RX J1533.1+1854 BLL 15 33 11.2518579384 +18 54 29.054401704           ~ 64 0
68 ICE2016 12 ev 15 40 +20.3           ~ 7 0
69 RX J1554.4+2011 BLL 15 54 24.1304763192 +20 11 25.399984632     17.70     ~ 112 1
70 ATO J272.0480+35.0218 BLL 18 08 11.5301050080 +35 01 18.674593032           ~ 28 1
71 ICE2016 13 ev 18 09 +35.5           ~ 11 0
72 GB6 B1807+3520 BLL 18 08 49.6978870632 +35 20 42.667697076           ~ 13 1
73 3FGL J1809.0+3517 Bz? 18 09 14.8 +35 09 03           ~ 25 0
74 ICE2016 5 ev 20 28 +21.0           ~ 6 0
75 NVSS J203031+223439 BL? 20 30 31.3616464766 +22 34 38.692931262           ~ 18 0
76 RX J2030.8+1935 BLL 20 30 57.1340134032 +19 36 12.930528420           ~ 59 2
77 4C 25.58 rG 21 32 53.0433225295 +26 11 43.757404912           ~ 30 1
78 NVSS J213314+252858 BLL 21 33 14.3614671839 +25 28 59.125195032           ~ 37 0
79 ICE2016 30 ev 21 42 +26.1           ~ 9 0
80 SDSS J222329.57+010226.6 BLL 22 23 29.5712726232 +01 02 26.654394588           ~ 46 0
81 IceCube-140114A ev 22 26.8 -45 55           ~ 9 0
82 NVSS J222752+004446 rG 22 27 43.65 +00 57 30.0           ~ 39 0
83 2MASS J22275812+0037055 BLL 22 27 58.1313623424 +00 37 05.426018868   18.00 17.46 18.5   ~ 35 2
84 9Y-MST J2255+2411 BLL 22 55 15.376 +24 10 11.31 17.65 17.55 17.23 18.1   ~ 67 1
85 ICE2016 3 ev 23 00 +23.6           ~ 6 0
86 4FGL J2311.7+2604 Bz? 23 11 43.4 +26 04 59           ~ 16 0
87 BWE 2309+2548 QSO 23 11 45.8909946336 +26 04 47.758586628           ~ 8 1
88 ICE2016 25 ev 23 18 +18.1           ~ 4 0
89 NVSS J232538+164641 BLL 23 25 38.1184675887 +16 46 42.726197684           ~ 42 1
90 SDSS J232625.63+011208.6 Bz? 23 26 18.0 +01 13 18           ~ 21 0
91 ICRF J232625.6+011208 QSO 23 26 25.64373844 +01 12 08.6936906           ~ 26 1
92 IceCube-160510A ev 23 29.4 +02 05           ~ 11 0
93 [VV2006] J235021.5-300039 QSO 23 50 21.5357894856 -30 00 38.856405492   19.20       ~ 42 0
94 LEDA 3231681 BLL 23 50 34.3076444448 -30 06 04.457526408   18.738   17.132   ~ 13 1
95 4FGL J2351.4-2818 gam 23 51 28.5 -28 18 42           ~ 16 0
96 IC 5362 rG 23 51 36.7383942744 -28 21 53.942400288   13.81   12.36   ~ 52 1
97 IceCube-190104A ev 23 51.9 -26 39           ~ 17 0
98 3FGL J2358.3-2853 Bla 23 58 12.0 -28 53 37           ~ 23 0
99 PMN J2358-2853 rG 23 58 16.9719979608 -28 53 34.099361124           ~ 18 1

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