2021MNRAS.506.3669P

Query : 2021MNRAS.506.3669P

2021MNRAS.506.3669P - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 506, 3669-3677 (2021/September-3)

The frequency by mass of Galactic carbon stars inferred from Gaia measurements of star cluster members.

PAL T. and WORTHEY G.

Abstract (from CDS):

We investigate the frequency of occurrence of Galactic carbon stars as a function of progenitor mass using Gaia data. Small number statistics limit fidelity, but C-star frequency agrees with that observed in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) down to m ≃ 1.67 M☉. At m ≃ 1.38 M☉, the frequency rises by a factor of three even though the frequency appears to drop to zero for the MCs. In fact this is due to a lack of clusters at the key age range in the MCs. At m ≃ 1.24 M☉ and below, no C-stars are observed, corresponding to ages older than 4 Gyr. Within uncertainties, C-star frequency in M 31 is consistent with that of the Galaxy and the MCs. We find an ambiguous C-star candidate at ∼7 M☉.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): stars: carbon - stars: chemically peculiar - Hertzsprung-Russell and colour-magnitude diagrams - open clusters and associations: general - Galaxy: stellar content

Simbad objects: 36

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Number of rows : 36
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1370 1
2 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2236 2
3 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
4 NGC 188 OpC 00 47 14.8 +85 14 42           ~ 990 0
5 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
6 NGC 654 OpC 01 44 01.5 +61 53 06   7.34 6.5     ~ 206 0
7 Case 49 C* 01 44 37.5594061560 +60 49 53.285816856     11.5 13.92   C 23 0
8 NGC 663 OpC 01 46 22.2 +61 12 53   7.78 7.1     ~ 269 0
9 Cl King 4 OpC 02 36 07.1 +59 01 52   11.42 10.5     ~ 49 0
10 NIKC 2-30 C* 02 36 27.0848951832 +59 00 41.101513632     14.9     C 15 0
11 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
12 Cl Berkeley 9 OpC 03 32 39.8 +52 38 57           ~ 47 0
13 V* BI Per C* 03 32 55.8050303400 +52 44 13.657032816     11.58     R 25 0
14 Cl Berkeley 15 OpC 05 02 03.5 +44 30 04           ~ 36 0
15 NIKC 3-82 C* 05 02 39.7248561804 +44 19 34.131362135       15.38   C 9 0
16 [D75b] Star 30 S* 05 11 33.5985793176 +47 40 46.694074476   15.1       MS 11 0
17 NGC 1798 OpC 05 11 39.3 +47 41 28           ~ 85 0
18 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
19 Case 121 C* 05 50 00.3968187096 +22 16 11.291519424           C 16 0
20 Cl Berkeley 72 OpC 05 50 14.7 +22 15 12           ~ 29 0
21 Cl Trumpler 5 OpC 06 36 31.8 +09 28 03           ~ 146 0
22 V* V493 Mon C* 06 36 32.6761497240 +09 25 39.300580236   15.80   11.31   C 27 1
23 Cl Haffner 14 OpC 07 44 43.8 -28 23 22           ~ 38 0
24 BM IV 34 C* 07 44 44.6359563624 -28 24 07.869890376   14.05 11.27     C 17 0
25 C* 908 LP* 07 49 45.7923244032 -17 15 14.283150120       10.999   ~ 11 0
26 Cl Ruprecht 37 OpC 07 49 48.0 -17 14 52           ~ 26 0
27 BM IV 90 C* 08 42 33.8406416160 -47 12 25.304999004     11.80     C 27 0
28 NGC 2660 OpC 08 42 40.0 -47 11 59   9.05 8.8     ~ 164 0
29 NGC 2682 OpC 08 51 23.5 +11 48 54           ~ 2528 0
30 Cl Gulliver 29 OpC 17 06 44.9 -35 15 59           ~ 19 0
31 V* V617 Sco C* 17 13 41.0980576704 -35 55 21.165808908   13.25 11.26     C 30 0
32 NGC 6791 OpC 19 20 52.8 +37 46 40   10.52 9.5     ~ 1120 0
33 [FSR2007] 0172 OpC 20 00 01.7 +29 13 00           ~ 24 0
34 IRAS 19582+2907 LP* 20 00 13.5892464816 +29 15 41.254237080       15.98   ~ 9 0
35 Cl Berkeley 53 OpC 20 55 54.8 +51 03 30           ~ 43 0
36 Case 473 C* 20 56 08.0699235936 +51 04 31.573643880       13.85   C 12 0

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