2021MNRAS.507.4102Y

Query : 2021MNRAS.507.4102Y

2021MNRAS.507.4102Y - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 507, 4102-4119 (2021/November-1)

High-resolution spectroscopic follow-up of the most metal-poor candidates from SkyMapper DR1.1.

YONG D., DA COSTA G.S., BESSELL M.S., CHITI A., FREBEL A., GAO X., LIND K., MACKEY A.D., MARINO A.F., MURPHY S.J., NORDLANDER T., ASPLUND M., CASEY A.R., KOBAYASHI C., NORRIS J.E. and SCHMIDT B.P.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present chemical abundances for 21 elements (from Li to Eu) in 150 metal-poor Galactic stars spanning -4.1 < [Fe/H] < -2.1. The targets were selected from the SkyMapper survey and include 90 objects with [Fe/H] <= -3 of which some 15 have [Fe/H] <= -3.5. When combining the sample with our previous studies, we find that the metallicity distribution function has a power-law slope of Δ(log N)/Δ[Fe/H] = 1.51 ± 0.01 dex per dex over the range -4 <= [Fe/H] <= -3. With only seven carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the sample, we again find that the selection of metal-poor stars based on SkyMapper filters is biased against highly carbon-rich stars for [Fe/H] > -3.5. Of the 20 objects for which we could measure nitrogen, 11 are nitrogen-enhanced metal-poor (NEMP) stars. Within our sample, the high NEMP fraction (55 per cent ± 21 per cent) is compatible with the upper range of predicted values (between 12 per cent and 35 per cent). The chemical abundance ratios [X/Fe] versus [Fe/H] exhibit similar trends to previous studies of metal-poor stars and Galactic chemical evolution models. We report the discovery of nine new r-I stars, four new r-II stars, one of which is the most metal-poor known, nine low-α stars with [α/Fe] <= 0.15 as well as one unusual star with [Zn/Fe] = +1.4 and [Sr/Fe] = +1.2 but with normal [Ba/Fe]. Finally, we combine our sample with literature data to provide the most extensive view of the early chemical enrichment of the Milky Way Galaxy.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): stars: abundances - stars: Population II - Galaxy: abundances - early universe

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/507/4102): table1.dat table2.dat table3.dat table5.dat table7.dat table8.dat table9.dat sup.dat>

Simbad objects: 162

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Number of rows : 162
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 2MASS J00160423-0241052 Pe* 00 16 04.2396414360 -02 41 05.132887296   13.7       ~ 13 0
2 SMSS J005420.99-844117.0 Pe* 00 54 20.9649868814 -84 41 17.027940620           ~ 3 0
3 SMSS J011126.26-495048.4 Pe* 01 11 26.2726240703 -49 50 48.358297110           ~ 3 0
4 2MASS J02005020-4657352 Pe* 02 00 50.1945484752 -46 57 35.157763908   13.92 13.24 13.17   ~ 7 0
5 SMSS J024246.96-470353.6 Pe* 02 42 46.9721751143 -47 03 53.621148061           ~ 3 0
6 SMSS J030245.60-281454.0 Pe* 03 02 45.6007807713 -28 14 53.932558181           ~ 3 0
7 UCAC4 307-003048 Pe* 03 02 58.528032 -28 43 27.02208   14.738 14.182 14.212   ~ 1 0
8 HE 0302-3417 Pe* 03 04 28.4444210809 -34 06 04.581186242   11.797 10.876 10.756 9.560 CEMP-no 18 0
9 SMSS J030634.26-750133.3 Pe* 03 06 34.2706336209 -75 01 33.199363249           ~ 3 0
10 SMSS J030740.92-610018.8 Pe* 03 07 40.9499659198 -61 00 18.764035558           ~ 3 0
11 UCAC4 100-002915 Pe* 03 08 53.2719287724 -70 01 40.083125209   15.064 14.143 13.999   ~ 3 0
12 SMSS J030922.04-544038.1 Pe* 03 09 22.0473040923 -54 40 38.069568777           ~ 3 0
13 UCAC4 115-002803 Pe* 03 13 00.3747928560 -67 08 39.336144504   15.442 14.753 14.639   CEMP-no 122 0
14 TYC 7561-72-1 Pe* 03 17 03.9627198816 -37 40 47.103626496   12.88 11.77     ~ 6 0
15 UCAC4 087-007194 Pe* 03 45 04.6594254337 -72 47 32.165334226   14.495 13.916 13.934   ~ 5 0
16 SMSS J034749.80-751351.7 Pe* 03 47 49.8249760772 -75 13 51.593826499           ~ 3 0
17 SMSS J043522.14-470449.0 Pe* 04 35 22.1577446804 -47 04 48.937440250           ~ 3 0
18 2MASS J04380093-8319325 Pe* 04 38 00.9069933219 -83 19 32.708994282           ~ 4 0
19 UCAC4 206-004802 Pe* 04 41 47.0459740252 -48 48 42.870042126   12.902 12.247 12.189   ~ 3 0
20 2MASS J05024761-6429157 Pe* 05 02 47.6224703499 -64 29 15.806018285           ~ 5 0
21 HD 273311 Pe* 05 17 29.7830460936 -42 53 35.878181028   12.38 11.79     K0 7 0
22 SMSS J052313.34-621822.5 Pe* 05 23 13.3278726559 -62 18 22.446818223           ~ 4 0
23 SMSS J053721.56-244251.5 Pe* 05 37 21.5641585340 -24 42 51.552733944           ~ 3 0
24 2MASS J05465098-4714077 Pe* 05 46 50.9833363128 -47 14 07.810337436           ~ 3 0
25 UCAC4 152-006245 Pe* 05 49 03.4975716688 -59 46 55.539122547   14.383 13.561 13.476   ~ 2 0
26 HE 0547-4539 Pe* 05 49 13.7845842936 -45 39 04.087985400     12.909   12.000 ~ 14 0
27 SMSS J062208.93-675713.1 Pe* 06 22 08.9349303947 -67 57 13.093114591           ~ 4 0
28 2MASS J06244532-6230037 Pe* 06 24 45.3175465183 -62 30 03.779591876           ~ 3 0
29 SMSS J063627.00-551633.2 Pe* 06 36 26.9931179890 -55 16 33.086334686           ~ 2 0
30 2MASS J07214601-8357595 Pe* 07 21 45.9899548306 -83 57 59.581870821           ~ 3 0
31 2MASS J07435863-6127112 Pe* 07 43 58.6282441817 -61 27 11.291978970           ~ 4 0
32 SMSS J074828.02-620137.9 Pe* 07 48 28.0039033440 -62 01 37.705208365           ~ 3 0
33 SMSS J081112.13-054237.7 Pe* 08 11 12.1316348204 -05 42 37.751929036           ~ 3 0
34 2MASS J08162798-0559133 Pe* 08 16 27.9872134183 -05 59 13.351257695           G5 6 0
35 SMSS J082303.10-115033.0 Pe* 08 23 03.1056370649 -11 50 32.969929718           ~ 2 0
36 SMSS J083055.46-734903.6 Pe* 08 30 55.4315248011 -73 49 03.844748266           ~ 3 0
37 UCAC4 379-052354 Pe* 08 43 27.8200658905 -14 15 13.278373602   16.110 15.386 15.526   ~ 3 0
38 SMSS J084457.17-264325.3 Pe* 08 44 57.1694687956 -26 43 25.310526893           ~ 3 0
39 SMSS J085210.25-761250.2 Pe* 08 52 10.1858182497 -76 12 50.185986467           ~ 2 0
40 SMSS J085540.04-234607.3 Pe* 08 55 40.0312419470 -23 46 07.123274911           ~ 3 0
41 UCAC4 140-018450 Pe* 09 01 51.4353715008 -62 10 37.494247152   14.429 13.433 13.163   ~ 5 0
42 2MASS J09104309-1444185 Pe* 09 10 43.0994295216 -14 44 18.589140024   13.127 12.118     ~ 14 0
43 SMSS J091117.11-264637.1 Pe* 09 11 17.1087685134 -26 46 37.121519363           ~ 4 0
44 SMSS J092215.81-712521.3 Pe* 09 22 15.8015488054 -71 25 21.350044598           ~ 3 0
45 SMSS J092357.06-203851.2 Pe* 09 23 57.0651917941 -20 38 51.269753495           ~ 3 0
46 SMSS J093047.12-235727.7 Pe* 09 30 47.1131776811 -23 57 27.784923373           ~ 2 0
47 UCAC4 091-019533 Pe* 09 35 24.9398029168 -71 55 06.717503616   14.215 13.432 13.258   ~ 3 0
48 SMSS J095211.09-185713.7 Pe* 09 52 11.0695313366 -18 57 13.441929695           ~ 3 0
49 UCAC4 406-050903 Pe* 09 52 46.9846167744 -08 55 54.248007648   13.458 12.666 12.496 11.6 ~ 18 0
50 SMSS J095456.70-002141.5 Pe* 09 54 56.6974124006 -00 21 41.454628309           ~ 4 0
51 SMSS J095534.44-190405.2 Pe* 09 55 34.4362241121 -19 04 05.174801180           ~ 3 0
52 SMSS J095803.36-322749.6 Pe* 09 58 03.3571929492 -32 27 49.617603638           ~ 3 0
53 IRAS 10005-4555 Pe* 10 02 31.9083387624 -46 10 27.397845624           ~ 3 0
54 UCAC4 408-052897 Pe* 10 24 10.1372741359 -08 28 02.769362701   14.862 14.112 13.971   ~ 3 0
55 SMSS J102731.70-411130.5 Pe* 10 27 31.6850094650 -41 11 30.474829470           ~ 3 0
56 SMSS J103235.57-131520.2 Pe* 10 32 35.5788416477 -13 15 20.287868736           ~ 3 0
57 UCAC4 306-064205 Pe* 10 38 19.2689935345 -28 48 17.873435985   14.710 13.804 13.574   ~ 4 0
58 2MASS J10551204-2155516 Pe* 10 55 12.0403163592 -21 55 51.756138048   13.6 12.677 12.125 11.631 ~ 9 0
59 UCAC4 490-054409 Pe* 11 09 01.2240768416 +07 54 41.781589660   13.361 12.403 12.197   ~ 19 0
60 2MASS J11120172-2212075 Pe* 11 12 01.7249010378 -22 12 07.695862328           ~ 3 0
61 SDSS J112810.04-064656.3 Pe* 11 28 10.0423410144 -06 46 56.198523468           ~ 4 0
62 UCAC4 463-048875 Pe* 11 35 45.6485771256 +02 28 20.499296232   15.11 14.33 14.28   ~ 4 0
63 SMSS J115906.92-261050.6 Pe* 11 59 06.9301949311 -26 10 50.759949392           ~ 3 0
64 SMSS J120218.07-400934.9 Pe* 12 02 18.0447045117 -40 09 34.920374336           ~ 2 0
65 2MASS J12050905-2959404 Pe* 12 05 09.0553267327 -29 59 40.444213888           ~ 3 0
66 2MASS J12063824-2914410 Pe* 12 06 38.2352331232 -29 14 41.115658844           ~ 4 0
67 2MASS J12161574-2812490 Pe* 12 16 15.7386809952 -28 12 49.112164944           ~ 3 0
68 2MASS J12170912-2721034 Pe* 12 17 09.1243572432 -27 21 03.575361276   12.9 12.003 11.488 11.007 ~ 8 0
69 2MASS J12184650-1610508 Pe* 12 18 46.4964990168 -16 10 50.818284984   12.799 11.850 11.022 10.438 ~ 17 0
70 SMSS J122207.37-252124.5 Pe* 12 22 07.3660967000 -25 21 24.553381385           ~ 3 0
71 UCAC4 278-066753 Pe* 12 36 08.0562236636 -34 35 28.527153037   13.567 12.700 12.558   ~ 5 0
72 SMSS J125117.10-421643.2 Pe* 12 51 17.0856589483 -42 16 43.194498869           ~ 3 0
73 SMSS J125142.79-424304.3 Pe* 12 51 42.8213776077 -42 43 04.291978357           ~ 3 0
74 2MASS J12570460-1054072 Pe* 12 57 04.6025132376 -10 54 07.321340700   14.72 13.73     ~ 4 0
75 HE 1327-2326 Pe* 13 30 05.9394958608 -23 41 49.699340844 13.761 14.01 13.55 13.50 12.803 CEMP-no 258 0
76 UCAC4 216-076083 Pe* 13 33 08.9047963560 -46 54 07.919226072   13.499 12.547 12.365   ~ 8 0
77 UCAC4 331-070615 Pe* 13 44 16.024104 -23 57 14.91624   16.415 15.891 15.735   ~ 2 0
78 SMSS J135100.02-430836.3 Pe* 13 51 00.0243050350 -43 08 36.302103755           ~ 2 0
79 2MASS J13554406-3750455 Pe* 13 55 44.0597243647 -37 50 45.519377676           ~ 3 0
80 2MASS J14244532-2542471 Pe* 14 24 45.3307357527 -25 42 47.160966738           ~ 8 0
81 SMSS J143511.34-420326.5 Pe* 14 35 11.3419735176 -42 03 26.527472316           CEMP-no 7 0
82 TYC 8282-318-1 Pe* 14 35 31.9158445392 -47 19 04.339974324   12.91 12.84     ~ 2 0
83 SMSS J143626.75-363115.5 Pe* 14 36 26.8059962857 -36 31 14.952751569           ~ 2 0
84 SMSS J144711.50-195545.8 Pe* 14 47 11.4993550929 -19 55 45.932183984           ~ 3 0
85 UCAC4 285-076791 Pe* 14 47 49.2318690719 -33 08 59.628444680   13.737 13.046 12.963   ~ 3 0
86 SMSS J145536.25-340538.2 Pe* 14 55 36.2597760038 -34 05 38.253218356           ~ 3 0
87 SMSS J145738.47-261358.7 Pe* 14 57 38.4844677843 -26 13 58.754992820           ~ 3 0
88 2MASS J14590234-0916105 Pe* 14 59 02.3509101510 -09 16 10.485056513           ~ 4 0
89 SMSS J151044.04-395653.6 Pe* 15 10 44.0588949835 -39 56 53.774945938           ~ 2 0
90 SMSS J151056.54-793923.8 Pe* 15 10 56.4853923087 -79 39 24.018105838           ~ 2 0
91 SMSS J152349.60-222540.5 Pe* 15 23 49.6175658492 -22 25 40.607964171           ~ 2 0
92 SMSS J153601.77-013125.2 Pe* 15 36 01.7799565565 -01 31 25.190312353           ~ 2 0
93 SMSS J154332.59-300038.2 Pe* 15 43 32.6014241411 -30 00 38.260867528           ~ 3 0
94 2MASS J15433999-8318194 Pe* 15 43 39.9737922536 -83 18 19.441494531           ~ 4 0
95 SMSS J154521.54-102047.4 Pe* 15 45 21.5373921822 -10 20 47.221936905           ~ 2 0
96 UCAC4 410-062944 Pe* 15 46 34.1936250994 -08 10 31.006510231   15.659 14.948 14.996   ~ 3 0
97 SMSS J154917.11-642300.6 Pe* 15 49 17.1141019103 -64 23 00.275612521           ~ 2 0
98 UCAC4 302-083986 SB* 15 57 30.1025796144 -29 39 22.771142172   14.170 13.175 12.937   CEMP 15 0
99 SMSS J160540.18-144323.1 Pe* 16 05 40.1836670077 -14 43 23.174298356   16.670 15.814 15.494 14.567 CEMP 19 0
100 SMSS J160624.86-253008.6 Pe* 16 06 24.8565102830 -25 30 08.641659503           ~ 3 0
101 SMSS J162526.57-762949.7 Pe* 16 25 26.6317130142 -76 29 49.593249279           ~ 3 0
102 SMSS J163040.08-715639.0 Pe* 16 30 40.1161039859 -71 56 39.028006625           ~ 3 0
103 SMSS J163800.00-794316.3 Pe* 16 37 59.9770105568 -79 43 16.377254489           ~ 3 0
104 2MASS J16442322-6504587 Pe* 16 44 23.2205514818 -65 04 58.785380858           ~ 3 0
105 SMSS J164707.10-001155.5 Pe* 16 47 07.0951757558 -00 11 55.556283665           ~ 2 0
106 SMSS J164757.15-651940.6 Pe* 16 47 57.1489629518 -65 19 40.756249214           ~ 4 0
107 Pristine J165244.66-271205.3 Pe* 16 52 44.6711947130 -27 12 05.125151312           ~ 4 0
108 UCAC4 117-127260 Pe* 16 55 01.8500794043 -66 41 10.860693337       15.653   ~ 3 0
109 SMSS J165512.00-725554.9 Pe* 16 55 12.0118145425 -72 55 55.063192389           ~ 3 0
110 2MASS J17013347-6511156 Pe* 17 01 33.4786748501 -65 11 15.611158306           ~ 3 0
111 SMSS J170359.89-670954.3 Pe* 17 03 59.8912576686 -67 09 54.513348213           ~ 3 0
112 SMSS J171221.51-584828.2 Pe* 17 12 21.5167837258 -58 48 28.232706765           ~ 3 0
113 SMSS J172313.82-602320.6 Pe* 17 23 13.8385399662 -60 23 20.651921372           ~ 3 0
114 SMSS J172604.29-590656.2 Pe* 17 26 04.2808090788 -59 06 56.323724449           ~ 3 0
115 UCAC4 161-198950 Pe* 17 26 26.926608 -57 59 27.99204   16.367 15.423 15.228   ~ 3 0
116 UCAC4 183-197335 Pe* 17 30 02.4822601122 -53 29 01.254085888   15.501 14.571 14.318   ~ 3 0
117 2MASS J17474266-5713154 Pe* 17 47 42.6730782627 -57 13 15.389939659           ~ 5 0
118 2MASS J17513399-5952252 Pe* 17 51 34.0129497593 -59 52 25.415872828           ~ 3 0
119 UCAC4 098-088701 Pe* 17 53 42.4874978735 -70 35 55.978411284       13.415   ~ 5 0
120 SMSS J180105.44-732703.7 Pe* 18 01 05.4809338143 -73 27 03.841400024           ~ 3 0
121 SMSS J180500.16-464212.4 Pe* 18 05 00.1677798955 -46 42 12.469890575           ~ 2 0
122 UCAC4 218-171987 Pe* 18 12 00.1095234517 -46 31 48.741954978   14.337 13.343 13.335   ~ 6 0
123 SMSS J182735.70-341930.9 Pe* 18 27 35.7035771470 -34 19 31.006174023           ~ 2 0
124 2MASS J18284579-3540227 Pe* 18 28 45.7987446192 -35 40 22.722095820           ~ 3 0
125 SMSS J183125.34-482205.3 Pe* 18 31 25.3437258163 -48 22 05.354402696           ~ 2 0
126 2MASS J18331031-6450310 Pe* 18 33 10.3093815373 -64 50 31.088908680           ~ 3 0
127 SMSS J184807.37-553441.0 Pe* 18 48 07.3852824447 -55 34 40.945851242           ~ 2 0
128 SMSS J184853.07-550646.9 Pe* 18 48 53.1394905602 -55 06 46.871819631           ~ 2 0
129 SMSS J185358.63-555400.1 Pe* 18 53 58.6269061246 -55 54 00.129132904           ~ 2 0
130 SMSS J185624.55-421733.7 Pe* 18 56 24.5519171512 -42 17 33.677447352           ~ 3 0
131 SMSS J185652.03-563838.9 Pe* 18 56 52.0444262329 -56 38 38.737362174           ~ 2 0
132 UCAC4 203-181545 Pe* 18 57 53.237808 -49 33 41.18508   15.258 14.675 14.302   ~ 2 0
133 SMSS J190415.62-602628.5 Pe* 19 04 15.6286067345 -60 26 28.517567468           ~ 3 0
134 SMSS J190508.30-581843.9 Pe* 19 05 08.3081882375 -58 18 43.923993877           ~ 3 0
135 SMSS J190556.70-454724.2 Pe* 19 05 56.7008346397 -45 47 24.260347298           ~ 3 0
136 SMSS J190836.24-401623.5 Pe* 19 08 36.2414496151 -40 16 23.612806100           ~ 4 0
137 SMSS J193613.62-354643.6 Pe* 19 36 13.6440590306 -35 46 43.576378225           ~ 4 0
138 UCAC4 333-212726 Pe* 19 45 49.862352 -23 25 02.52804   14.133 13.655 13.349   ~ 2 0
139 SMSS J200154.32-102845.7 Pe* 20 01 54.3293312996 -10 28 45.625223193           ~ 4 0
140 UCAC4 392-119337 Pe* 20 03 22.5355575550 -11 42 02.781717289   12.662 11.877 11.703   ~ 17 0
141 SMSS J202654.59-004726.4 Pe* 20 26 54.5922000250 -00 47 26.256537199           ~ 3 0
142 SMSS J202909.78-400236.5 Pe* 20 29 09.7848213189 -40 02 36.603372083           ~ 3 0
143 2MASS J20341624-2951082 Pe* 20 34 16.2505888680 -29 51 08.338069944   13.58 12.62     ~ 4 0
144 UCAC4 119-150595 Pe* 20 50 01.9480600488 -66 13 29.746024248   13.781 13.119 13.111   ~ 7 0
145 SMSS J210918.48-363547.1 Pe* 21 09 18.4821674271 -36 35 47.182365107           ~ 3 0
146 SMSS J211747.91-404512.2 Pe* 21 17 47.9253976753 -40 45 12.181458489           ~ 3 0
147 SMSS J212110.47-611758.9 Pe* 21 21 10.4902025264 -61 17 58.868400171           ~ 3 0
148 SMSS J212847.25-611328.5 Pe* 21 28 47.2685961291 -61 13 28.586386827           ~ 3 0
149 TYC 9107-598-1 Pe* 21 34 02.8351164936 -62 24 20.885716296   13.31 12.59     ~ 10 0
150 UCAC4 093-078642 Pe* 21 42 26.997336 -71 24 18.90504   14.529 13.776 13.696   ~ 4 0
151 SMSS J214642.10-312521.7 Pe* 21 46 42.0794904401 -31 25 21.692063866           ~ 3 0
152 SMSS J214716.17-081546.8 Pe* 21 47 16.1730803353 -08 15 46.477686758           ~ 3 0
153 2MASS J21510686-2025480 Pe* 21 51 06.8564255568 -20 25 48.266327064   14.674 14.034 13.585 13.133 ~ 6 0
154 2MASS J21584227-2029156 Pe* 21 58 42.2746240680 -20 29 15.746399232   14.1 13.156 12.692 12.225 CEMP-no 12 0
155 SMSS J222217.73-341606.1 Pe* 22 22 17.7328706928 -34 16 06.195602855           ~ 2 0
156 TYC 8442-1036-1 Pe* 22 23 23.3461278120 -48 24 50.824302696   11.71 11.10     ~ 10 0
157 SMSS J224145.62-064643.0 Pe* 22 41 45.6238343644 -06 46 43.187804800           ~ 4 0
158 HE 2302-2154 Pe* 23 05 25.3322874912 -21 38 06.876993048   13.1       CEMP-no 13 0
159 SMSS J230702.23-693718.5 Pe* 23 07 02.2388776820 -69 37 18.544977488           ~ 3 0
160 HE 2318-1621 Pe* 23 21 21.5631300312 -16 05 05.628387156   13.38 12.73 12.67   CEMP-no 19 0
161 SMSS J234805.24-514821.0 Pe* 23 48 05.2520037195 -51 48 21.078813005           ~ 3 0
162 NAME Gaia Enceladus-Sausage St* ~ ~           ~ 860 0

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