2021MNRAS.508..597P

Recent observations have indicated a strong connection between compact (a <= 0.5 au) super-Earth and mini-Neptune systems and their outer (a >= a few au) giant planet companions. We study the dynamical evolution of such inner systems subject to the gravitational effect of an unstable system of outer giant planets, focusing on systems whose end configurations feature only a single remaining outer giant. In contrast to similar studies which used on N-body simulations with specific (and limited) parameters or scenarios, we implement a novel hybrid algorithm which combines N-body simulations with secular dynamics with aims of obtaining analytical understanding and scaling relations. We find that the dynamical evolution of the inner planet system depends crucially on N_ej, the number of mutual close encounters between the outer planets prior to eventual ejection/merger. When N_ej is small, the eventual evolution of the inner planets can be well described by secular dynamics. For larger values of N_ej, the inner planets gain orbital inclination and eccentricity in a stochastic fashion analogous to Brownian motion. We develop a theoretical model, and compute scaling laws for the final orbital parameters of the inner system. We show that our model can account for the observed eccentric super-Earths/mini-Neptunes with inclined cold Jupiter companions, such as HAT-P-11, Gliese 777, and π Men.