2021NatAs...5..640M

Query : 2021NatAs...5..640M

2021NatAs...5..640M - Nature Astronomy, 5, 640-647 (2021/July-0)

Chronologically dating the early assembly of the Milky Way.

MONTALBAN J., MACKERETH J.T., MIGLIO A., VINCENZO F., CHIAPPINI C., BULDGEN G., MOSSER B., NOELS A., SCUFLAIRE R., VRARD M., WILLETT E., DAVIES G.R., HALL O.J., NIELSEN M.B., KHAN S., RENDLE B.M., VAN ROSSEM W.E., FERGUSON J.W. and CHAPLIN W.J.

Abstract (from CDS):

The standard cosmological model predicts that galaxies are built through hierarchical assembly on cosmological timescales. The Milky Way, like other disk galaxies, underwent violent mergers and accretion of small satellite galaxies in its early history. Owing to Gaia Data Release 2 and spectroscopic surveys, the stellar remnants of such mergers have been identified. The chronological dating of such events is crucial to uncover the formation and evolution of the Galaxy at high redshift, but it has so far been challenging due to difficulties in obtaining precise ages for these oldest stars. Here we combine asteroseismology-the study of stellar oscillations-with kinematics and chemical abundances to estimate precise stellar ages (∼11%) for a sample of stars observed by the Kepler space mission. Crucially, this sample includes not only some of the oldest stars that were formed inside the Galaxy but also stars formed externally and subsequently accreted onto the Milky Way. Leveraging this resolution in age, we provide compelling evidence in favour of models in which the Galaxy had already formed a substantial population of its stars (which now reside mainly in its thick disk) before the infall of the satellite galaxy Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage around 10 billion years ago.

Abstract Copyright: ©

Journal keyword(s): Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/other/NatAs/5.640): tables1.dat>

Simbad objects: 97

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Number of rows : 97
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Sgr A* X 17 45 40.03599 -29 00 28.1699           ~ 4970 3
2 UCAC4 671-067246 RG* 18 42 08.8456841256 +44 06 59.553012708   14.383 13.397 13.147   G5V: 13 0
3 UCAC4 663-069916 RG* 18 43 32.1004742112 +42 35 18.925659924   14.103 13.154 12.953   ~ 13 0
4 TYC 3531-1454-1 RG* 18 43 33.7325299800 +47 28 49.620434160   12.67 12.23     G8IV-V 14 0
5 KOI-3250 HB* 18 43 36.5869707912 +42 56 08.451140460           G7 20 1
6 UCAC4 665-069526 RG* 18 44 31.0324993872 +42 49 19.545249468   13.598 12.998 12.768   ~ 11 0
7 2MASS J18443142+4727585 Pe* 18 44 31.4274280944 +47 27 58.515625008           G6V 12 0
8 UCAC4 668-070307 RG* 18 45 39.5673826320 +43 35 02.248778436   13.242 12.287 12.026   ~ 33 0
9 TYC 3126-801-1 RG* 18 46 43.1010145152 +42 23 14.348294124   12.27 11.47     G6V 40 0
10 UCAC4 689-063498 RG* 18 46 56.5793989704 +47 39 36.215505828   14.426 13.526 13.300   G8IV-V 14 0
11 UCAC4 665-069869 RG* 18 47 51.0582098208 +42 51 44.291891268   14.044 13.167 12.873   ~ 18 0
12 UCAC4 662-068404 RG* 18 47 51.9155761032 +42 14 45.969025488   13.450 12.657 12.401   ~ 16 0
13 UCAC4 665-069973 RG* 18 49 04.2272005464 +42 48 11.744554248   14.051 13.178 12.897   ~ 12 0
14 UCAC4 663-070502 RG* 18 49 07.2426636456 +42 29 07.419041016   13.694 13.096 12.865   F8V 28 0
15 UCAC4 689-063756 RG* 18 50 11.9082356760 +47 36 29.692903536   13.028 11.871 11.672   G8V 26 0
16 UCAC4 693-063839 RG* 18 52 11.7125607384 +48 33 57.601997424   13.446 12.448 12.226   ~ 25 0
17 TYC 3540-2556-1 RG* 18 54 32.5507403160 +45 29 37.777565832   12.70 12.04     ~ 31 0
18 UCAC4 695-063294 RG* 18 56 23.3980296912 +48 58 24.823481016   13.522 12.502 12.314   ~ 22 0
19 UCAC4 699-063589 RG* 18 57 44.8383355920 +49 41 59.879133888   13.572 12.511 12.283   ~ 24 0
20 UCAC4 674-067687 RG* 18 58 32.3930174928 +44 40 36.236606556   14.087 13.138 12.995   G5V: 20 0
21 UCAC4 676-066888 HB* 18 58 37.4314333128 +45 06 48.394385856   14.009 13.230 12.996   G8III/IVw 14 0
22 2MASS J18591290+4626283 RG* 18 59 12.9106711104 +46 26 28.289856264           G2IV 22 0
23 2MASS J18592005+4026190 RG* 18 59 20.0517509112 +40 26 19.094479512           ~ 29 0
24 2MASS J18593517+3926488 RG* 18 59 35.1714683304 +39 26 48.896419380           G6IV 35 0
25 UCAC4 647-063819 RG* 18 59 52.4435740656 +39 17 51.310208220       12.470   G3V 31 0
26 TYC 3549-333-1 RG* 19 00 48.7317226440 +49 56 14.564169852   13.27 12.34     G8IV-V 35 0
27 TYC 3124-2345-1 RG* 19 01 13.9637622744 +41 09 06.025364748   12.13 11.73     G2V 40 0
28 UCAC4 646-065282 HB* 19 01 53.4143307048 +39 00 07.859599020       12.443   ~ 15 0
29 2MASS J19024236+4429106 RG* 19 02 42.3639282384 +44 29 10.663565820           ~ 16 0
30 2MASS J19025410+4957320 RG* 19 02 54.1148092968 +49 57 32.091226020           ~ 21 0
31 2MASS J19025811+4251431 RG* 19 02 58.1123511168 +42 51 43.186448988           ~ 34 0
32 2MASS J19030546+4049524 RG* 19 03 05.4685200384 +40 49 52.350522708           G8IV 29 0
33 UCAC4 682-064879 RG* 19 03 08.0119063872 +46 21 50.214715488   13.183 12.349 12.151   G3V 27 0
34 UCAC4 666-071989 RG* 19 03 28.0047386808 +43 06 52.655774040   14.083   12.898   G5V: 15 0
35 UCAC4 650-066430 RG* 19 03 33.4823723376 +39 50 00.911837832   14.377 13.176 13.009   G3V 29 0
36 UCAC4 649-065118 RG* 19 03 40.4854528056 +39 42 46.599786036   14.340 13.207 13.023   ~ 12 0
37 UCAC4 697-063942 RG* 19 04 37.4683973544 +49 23 08.591144496   13.164 12.223 12.040   G5 15 0
38 UCAC4 679-066046 RG* 19 05 00.6844105488 +45 39 04.561694100   14.263 13.120 12.929   ~ 25 0
39 UCAC4 641-065018 RG* 19 05 12.3186477240 +38 06 29.427619536       12.671   G0 17 0
40 2MASS J19062480+4927231 RG* 19 06 24.8036734368 +49 27 23.121477144           ~ 24 0
41 2MASS J19065185+4716132 RG* 19 06 51.8501571816 +47 16 13.323581580           ~ 29 0
42 2MASS J19071107+4231237 RG* 19 07 11.0718029400 +42 31 23.776450464           G3V 25 0
43 2MASS J19074933+4849248 RG* 19 07 49.3492906320 +48 49 24.931900668           ~ 28 0
44 TYC 3546-941-1 RG* 19 07 49.3734544464 +46 56 11.865353964   11.48 10.39     K0IV 54 0
45 TYC 3132-137-1 RG* 19 07 49.4638650552 +43 14 24.253787328   12.36 11.64     G5V: 31 0
46 UCAC4 685-065782 RG* 19 08 30.2307215952 +46 59 57.467056596   14.203 13.257 13.027   G5 24 0
47 UCAC4 706-062052 HB* 19 08 59.0063465472 +51 01 16.830560604   13.617 12.504 12.260   G8IV-V 32 0
48 UCAC4 647-065282 RG* 19 10 11.8634527272 +39 17 18.057293592       12.876   ~ 24 0
49 UCAC4 667-071649 RG* 19 11 00.8656490712 +43 17 43.634157468   14.543 13.477 13.211   ~ 26 0
50 2MASS J19111959+4901348 RG* 19 11 19.6027688328 +49 01 34.835015172           G8IV-V 29 0
51 2MASS J19142029+5055317 Pe* 19 14 20.3010023928 +50 55 31.730941344           G0 15 0
52 UCAC3 275-149696 RG* 19 14 43.1343391968 +47 16 57.041797260   13.02 12.12 11.90   G8IV-V 39 0
53 UCAC4 655-071251 RG* 19 15 45.2559960984 +40 54 28.239774696   14.219 13.335 12.836   ~ 24 0
54 TYC 3125-2456-1 RG* 19 16 28.7315426664 +39 49 41.086212924   13.05 11.72     K0II 29 0
55 UCAC4 657-070973 RG* 19 18 22.7376244200 +41 14 09.516456384   13.793 12.878 12.668   G5IV-V 29 0
56 2MASS J19184517+4449131 RG* 19 18 45.1869055632 +44 49 13.056825324           G9IIIb 26 0
57 UCAC4 678-070710 RG* 19 20 22.4340997320 +45 26 09.884745816   14.270 13.143 12.909   ~ 23 0
58 UCAC4 692-064090 RG* 19 20 30.7814673528 +48 15 42.804936972   13.607 12.456 12.202   G8IV-V 30 0
59 2MASS J19225967+4548488 RG* 19 22 59.6758555776 +45 48 48.874276656           ~ 23 0
60 UCAC4 654-071820 RG* 19 23 23.9417327904 +40 39 47.825691084   13.708 12.549 12.381   ~ 13 0
61 UCAC4 674-071212 RG* 19 23 24.3757896120 +44 38 57.279131520       12.874   ~ 23 0
62 UCAC4 705-064200 RG* 19 23 52.5835875024 +50 52 00.279359328       12.537   G3V 23 0
63 UCAC4 705-064224 RG* 19 24 07.9032334056 +50 51 24.956939232   13.437 12.569 12.344   G8IV-V 21 0
64 UCAC4 696-066733 RG* 19 25 32.9310321192 +49 05 01.533800976   14.570 13.350 13.092   K1III 25 0
65 UCAC4 639-067409 RG* 19 26 16.9392081480 +37 45 52.786268100   13.114 12.107 11.845   ~ 27 0
66 UCAC4 691-066064 RG* 19 26 43.5802734384 +48 07 19.339893948   13.742 12.713 12.411   G3IV 34 0
67 UCAC4 704-063627 RG* 19 26 53.3000791008 +50 38 03.157882944     13.212 13.034   ~ 20 0
68 UCAC4 659-073222 RG* 19 26 57.9881138208 +41 44 04.758211284   14.507 13.525 13.650   ~ 14 0
69 UCAC4 670-074759 RG* 19 29 25.0519220832 +43 59 41.000191368   13.874 12.741 12.460   G5V: 29 0
70 UCAC4 683-071620 RG* 19 31 48.5171888832 +46 33 56.776431348       12.136   G4III 29 0
71 2MASS J19320870+4926497 RG* 19 32 08.7060556464 +49 26 49.801096284           ~ 30 0
72 UCAC4 644-071274 RG* 19 34 40.1068782792 +38 40 52.472959284   14.349 13.285 12.928   ~ 12 0
73 TYC 3568-195-1 RG* 19 35 58.0107735192 +50 38 09.430920852   11.19 10.17     G5V: 37 0
74 UCAC4 652-073983 RG* 19 36 52.1164527912 +40 12 06.114515544   14.538 13.541 13.284   ~ 24 0
75 UCAC4 702-066679 RG* 19 37 30.5581915080 +50 21 12.628047708   13.599 12.732 12.590   G5V: 9 0
76 UCAC4 649-072514 RG* 19 37 39.5780570856 +39 47 58.474708692   13.396 12.649 12.434   ~ 28 0
77 UCAC4 700-069227 RG* 19 37 40.6766635968 +49 53 42.502359192   14.222 13.178 12.959   G8IV 26 0
78 TYC 3556-374-1 RG* 19 38 11.4932028624 +46 35 36.294139464   11.88 11.07     ~ 31 0
79 TYC 3556-658-1 RG* 19 38 16.1414284704 +46 35 46.296860172   12.16 11.13     ~ 15 0
80 2MASS J19403573+4700307 RG* 19 40 35.7329879832 +47 00 30.761418960           ~ 22 0
81 2MASS J19410468+4831071 RG* 19 41 04.6848525696 +48 31 07.073898924           ~ 23 0
82 KOI-5652 HB* 19 44 13.6036131528 +45 46 11.177666832           ~ 27 0
83 UCAC4 695-069862 RG* 19 45 48.2344079088 +48 53 29.680277424   13.656 12.488 12.237   G4III 15 0
84 UCAC4 652-077700 RG* 19 46 38.7461417280 +40 23 34.231109460   13.601 12.647 12.369   G8IV-V 32 0
85 TYC 3140-2644-1 RG* 19 47 44.4944184672 +39 55 29.730808128   12.17 11.45     G5III-IV 15 0
86 UCAC4 669-077820 RG* 19 48 35.8659777096 +43 39 47.179160892   14.195 13.119 12.825   ~ 25 0
87 UCAC4 656-078998 RG* 19 50 00.7224182112 +41 00 40.512481380   14.144 13.007 12.720   ~ 23 0
88 TYC 3561-481-1 RG* 19 51 46.7863903560 +48 33 27.988889904   12.91 11.93     G3V 34 0
89 TYC 3557-400-1 RG* 19 52 05.3976928416 +46 50 33.404337996   12.64 11.66     G8III 22 0
90 UCAC4 681-074617 RG* 19 52 19.6798025640 +46 09 32.045691024   14.486 13.260 12.971   G5V: 25 0
91 UCAC4 684-072331 RG* 19 52 39.1122763344 +46 43 45.179440104   14.450 13.202 12.881   K0IV 13 0
92 UCAC4 688-074095 RG* 19 52 51.8539866864 +47 32 42.080463456   12.876 12.144 12.049   ~ 17 0
93 UCAC4 653-081862 RG* 19 52 55.6053877896 +40 25 13.242505080   14.563 13.535 13.168   ~ 10 0
94 TYC 3145-76-1 RG* 19 52 57.2081689224 +41 58 12.951703308   11.60 10.60     ~ 40 0
95 UCAC4 693-072935 RG* 19 54 59.0593349256 +48 30 06.661484388   14.343 13.413 13.098   ~ 22 0
96 UCAC4 653-083706 RG* 19 56 45.4707897816 +40 24 35.056823652   14.363 13.247 12.870   ~ 26 0
97 NAME Gaia Enceladus-Sausage St* ~ ~           ~ 860 0

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