2022A&A...664A.168D

Query : 2022A&A...664A.168D

2022A&A...664A.168D - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 664A168-168 (2022/8-1)

Ca II triplet spectroscopy of Small Magellanic Cloud red giants. VI. Analysis of chemical properties of the main body.

DE BORTOLI B.J., PARISI M.C., BASSINO L.P., GEISLER D., DIAS B., GIMENO G., ANGELO M.S. and MAURO F.

Abstract (from CDS):


Aims. In this paper we analyze the chemical evolution of the main body of the SMC, adding six additional clusters to previously published samples, based on homogeneously determined and accurate metallicities.
Methods. We derived radial velocities and Ca II Triplet (CaT) metallicity of more than 150 red giants stars in six SMC star clusters and their surrounding fields, with the instrument GMOS on GEMINI-S. The mean cluster radial velocity and metallicity were obtained with mean errors of 2.2 km s–1 and 0.03 dex, while the mean field metallicities have a mean error of 0.13 dex. We add this information to that available for another 51 clusters and 30 fields with CaT metallicities on the same scale. Using this expanded sample we analyze the chemical properties of the SMC main body, defined as the inner 3.4° in semimajor axis.
Results. We found a high probability that the metallicity distribution of the main body clusters is bimodal with a metal-rich and a metal-poor cluster group, having mean metallicities with a dispersion of µ = -0.80, σ = 0.06 and µ = -1.15, σ = 0.10 dex, respectively. On the other hand, main body field stars show a unimodal metallicity distribution peaking at [Fe/H] ∼ -1 and dispersion of 0.3. Neither metal-rich nor metal-poor clusters present a metallicity gradient. However, the full main body cluster sample and field stars have a negative metallicity gradient consistent with each other, but the one corresponding to clusters has a large error due to the large metallicity dispersion present in the clusters studied in that region. Metal-rich clusters present a clear age-metallicity relation, while metal-poor clusters present no chemical enrichment throughout the life of the galaxy.
Conclusions. We present observational evidence that the chemical enrichment is complex in the SMC main body. Two cluster groups with potential different origins could be coexisting in the main body. More data with precise and homogeneous metallicities and distances are needed and dynamical simulations are required to understand the possible different origins for the two cluster groups.

Abstract Copyright: © B. J. De Bortoli et al. 2022

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: star clusters: general - Magellanic Clouds - stars: abundances

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/664/A168): table1.dat table2.dat>

Simbad objects: 138

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Number of rows : 138
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Gaia DR3 4688407191034558592 RG* 00 18 05.6007841808 -74 18 27.937978863           ~ 1 0
2 Gaia DR3 4688406435120311936 RG* 00 18 08.4230896115 -74 19 10.573209267           ~ 1 0
3 Gaia DR3 4688407225394297600 RG* 00 18 08.8601314203 -74 18 12.348467384           ~ 1 0
4 2MASS J00181127-7418432 RG* 00 18 11.27952 -74 18 43.2972           ~ 1 0
5 2MASS J00182425-7421179 RG* 00 18 24.25728 -74 21 17.9568           ~ 1 0
6 2MASS J00182430-7419084 RG* 00 18 24.30696 -74 19 08.4828           ~ 1 0
7 2MASS J00182433-7419017 RG* 00 18 24.33408 -74 19 01.7004           ~ 1 0
8 ESO 28-13 Cl* 00 18 25 -74 19.1   15.5       ~ 23 0
9 2MASS J00183101-7419307 RG* 00 18 31.01784 -74 19 30.7848           ~ 1 0
10 2MASS J00183479-7419057 RG* 00 18 34.79136 -74 19 05.7900           ~ 1 0
11 2MASS J00184608-7421491 RG* 00 18 46.08672 -74 21 49.1868           ~ 1 0
12 NGC 121 GlC 00 26 49.0 -71 32 10   11.2 11.24     ~ 330 0
13 NAME Magellanic Stream HVC 00 32 -30.0           ~ 1079 1
14 NGC 151 LIN 00 34 02.7914552616 -09 42 18.979473168 12.44 12.31 11.59 12.2 11.5 ~ 145 2
15 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
16 2MASS J00550011-7402494 RG* 00 55 00.11784 -74 02 49.4376           ~ 1 0
17 Gaia DR3 4685604604627198208 RG* 00 55 05.2757925070 -74 04 24.884483202           ~ 1 0
18 2MASS J00550924-7402216 RG* 00 55 09.3332725392 -74 02 21.409854648 19.45 18.96 17.87   16.81 ~ 2 0
19 Gaia DR3 4685605777160370176 RG* 00 55 17.8428434827 -74 01 24.383350710           ~ 1 0
20 2MASS J00551962-7404202 RG* 00 55 19.6237636824 -74 04 20.270014500 19.26 18.54 17.37   16.32 ~ 2 0
21 2MASS J00552278-7403151 RG* 00 55 22.7947172544 -74 03 15.264817776 20.06 18.35 16.85   15.48 ~ 2 0
22 OGLE SMC-LPV-11616 RG* 00 55 25.9834536528 -74 03 10.449135936 20.00 18.36 16.90   15.48 ~ 3 0
23 2MASS J00553017-7403367 RG* 00 55 30.17904 -74 03 36.7056           ~ 1 0
24 Gaia DR3 4685604677648784256 RG* 00 55 30.7133861202 -74 03 32.755331350           ~ 1 0
25 2MASS J00553256-7403313 RG* 00 55 32.56800 -74 03 31.3236           ~ 1 0
26 HW 31 Cl* 00 55 33.74 -74 03 44.1 16.10 15.80 15.23   14.50 ~ 18 0
27 2MASS J00553399-7403509 RG* 00 55 34.0020118944 -74 03 51.128416692 19.22 18.30 17.28   16.21 ~ 2 0
28 2MASS J00553744-7402240 RG* 00 55 37.4527755768 -74 02 24.152486460 19.88 18.72 17.37   16.18 ~ 2 0
29 2MASS J00554316-7401370 RG* 00 55 43.1445536712 -74 01 36.901398432 20.07 18.93 17.90   16.85 ~ 2 0
30 2MASS J00554601-7402509 RG* 00 55 46.015 -74 02 50.95 19.88 19.23 18.13   17.18 ~ 2 0
31 2MASS J00554893-7403516 RG* 00 55 48.9123488136 -74 03 51.869472408 19.46 19.04 17.92   16.95 ~ 2 0
32 2MASS J00555409-7404055 RG* 00 55 54.0610725312 -74 04 05.667174012 19.43 18.58 17.42   16.26 ~ 2 0
33 OGLE SMC-LPV-11918 RG* 00 55 55.9415411064 -74 02 52.522524600 19.56 18.23 16.98   15.74 ~ 3 0
34 2MASS J00555717-7403382 RG* 00 55 57.17616 -74 03 38.2428           ~ 1 0
35 Gaia DR3 4685606253895310592 RG* 00 55 59.6526961568 -74 01 32.809201542           ~ 1 0
36 2MASS J00560212-7401206 RG* 00 56 02.1281974824 -74 01 20.588884428 19.63 18.45 17.30   15.95 ~ 2 0
37 2MASS J00561311-7403147 RG* 00 56 13.1196014280 -74 03 14.637647124 19.73 18.67 17.51   16.34 ~ 2 0
38 2MASS J00571635-7325058 RG* 00 57 16.353 -73 25 05.82 18.72 18.42 17.29   15.60 ~ 2 0
39 2MASS J00571878-7323384 RG* 00 57 18.7953030528 -73 23 38.606305416 19.97 19.11 17.99   16.89 ~ 2 0
40 2MASS J00572615-7324056 RG* 00 57 26.1549653280 -73 24 05.682823488 19.74 18.44 17.14   15.90 ~ 2 0
41 SSTISAGEMA J005727.87-732534.5 RG* 00 57 27.8278549944 -73 25 34.604408676 19.28 18.70 17.66   16.73 ~ 2 0
42 OGLE SMC-LPV-12784 RG* 00 57 30.904 -73 24 43.46   18.20 16.65   15.11 ~ 3 0
43 2MASS J00573196-7324316 RG* 00 57 31.96488 -73 24 31.6188           ~ 1 0
44 2MASS J00573351-7324465 RG* 00 57 33.5063599536 -73 24 46.603878516 19.55 18.71 17.38   16.29 ~ 2 0
45 OGLE SMC-LPV-12834 RG* 00 57 36.9748292232 -73 23 54.956701968 19.78 18.11 16.59   15.09 ~ 3 0
46 2MASS J00573719-7325262 RG* 00 57 37.192 -73 25 26.22 19.39 18.81 17.53   16.45 ~ 2 0
47 OGLE SMC-LPV-12859 RG* 00 57 40.3851256536 -73 23 38.857820856 19.82 18.11 16.50   14.91 ~ 3 0
48 2MASS J00574153-7325271 RG* 00 57 41.533 -73 25 27.16 19.25 18.57 17.34   16.23 ~ 2 0
49 OGLE SMC-LPV-12885 RG* 00 57 43.3701945600 -73 24 32.787388764 19.96 18.35 16.99   15.62 ~ 3 0
50 2MASS J00574531-7326074 RG* 00 57 45.315 -73 26 07.45 19.31 18.59 17.36   16.25 ~ 2 0
51 2MASS J00574692-7327164 RG* 00 57 46.928 -73 27 16.44   19.08 17.96   17.10 ~ 2 0
52 2MASS J00574756-7324501 RG* 00 57 47.5364438160 -73 24 50.227401636 20.05 19.17 17.81   16.78 ~ 2 0
53 Cl Kron 38 OpC 00 57 48 -73 25.3           ~ 16 0
54 2MASS J00574858-7325225 RG* 00 57 48.5750837640 -73 25 22.533257100 19.61 18.32 17.00   15.77 ~ 2 0
55 2MASS J00574951-7322446 RG* 00 57 49.5046571208 -73 22 44.703014376 19.62 18.70 17.52   16.41 ~ 2 0
56 2MASS J00574960-7326298 RG* 00 57 49.5799323144 -73 26 29.880137580 20.23 19.08 17.92   16.81 ~ 2 0
57 OGLE SMC-LPV-12938 RG* 00 57 49.6159647840 -73 25 12.106965576 19.12 18.28 17.18   15.88 ~ 3 0
58 OGLE SMC-LPV-12955 RG* 00 57 50.9935561344 -73 28 16.668664716 19.27 18.08 16.53   15.01 ~ 4 0
59 2MASS J00575150-7325296 RG* 00 57 51.5084413920 -73 25 29.721637884 20.25 18.57 17.23   15.97 ~ 2 0
60 2MASS J00575159-7326079 RG* 00 57 51.59088 -73 26 07.9152           ~ 1 0
61 2MASS J00575326-7325305 RG* 00 57 53.267 -73 25 30.50 19.61 18.92 17.77   16.78 ~ 2 0
62 2MASS J00575398-7326425 RG* 00 57 53.9879086488 -73 26 42.632017116 19.79 18.74 17.50   16.42 ~ 2 0
63 2MASS J00575899-7326116 RG* 00 57 59.0182848552 -73 26 11.755093200 19.54 19.05 17.83   16.76 ~ 2 0
64 SSTISAGEMA J005759.40-732535.6 RG* 00 57 59.3850663456 -73 25 35.653933524 19.66 19.02 17.87   16.95 ~ 2 0
65 2MASS J00575938-7325530 RG* 00 57 59.38704 -73 25 53.0832           ~ 1 0
66 2MASS J00575996-7327246 RG* 00 57 59.962 -73 27 24.65   18.94 17.68   16.49 ~ 2 0
67 2MASS J00580099-7327025 RG* 00 58 00.994 -73 27 02.54 18.89 18.38 17.01   15.80 ~ 2 0
68 2MASS J00580351-7327271 RG* 00 58 03.5005126944 -73 27 27.275135076 19.98 19.12 17.75   16.69 ~ 2 0
69 2MASS J00581611-7326084 RG* 00 58 16.11288 -73 26 08.4912           ~ 1 0
70 2MASS J01000361-7126098 RG* 01 00 03.6028861800 -71 26 09.873040740 20.05 18.70 17.44   16.14 ~ 2 0
71 Gaia DR3 4690784541343549696 RG* 01 00 09.5987724051 -71 25 04.689050343           ~ 1 0
72 2MASS J01001147-7127181 RG* 01 00 11.47872 -71 27 18.1728           ~ 1 0
73 2MASS J01001426-7128183 RG* 01 00 14.3095405728 -71 28 18.419316060 19.47 18.90 17.91   16.88 ~ 2 0
74 Gaia DR3 4690783751058533504 RG* 01 00 25.0928965600 -71 25 23.841555223           ~ 1 0
75 2MASS J01002849-7127253 RG* 01 00 28.49208 -71 27 25.3116           ~ 1 0
76 2MASS J01002867-7129332 RG* 01 00 28.6827828168 -71 29 33.274114692 19.17 18.47 17.36   16.25 ~ 2 0
77 OGLE SMC-LPV-14298 RG* 01 00 29.1100144241 -71 28 35.106649742 18.21 16.54 14.90   13.28 ~ 6 0
78 OGLE SMC-LPV-14331 RG* 01 00 32.25216 -71 29 21.7392     17.221   15.544 ~ 2 0
79 Gaia DR3 4690789351695842816 RG* 01 00 33.2937052745 -71 26 30.966748496           ~ 1 0
80 HW 41 Cl* 01 00 34.50 -71 27 38.0 14.96 15.03 14.28   13.38 ~ 19 0
81 2MASS J01003463-7127051 RG* 01 00 34.5939930984 -71 27 05.254467084 19.98 19.25 18.25   17.10 ~ 2 0
82 Gaia DR3 4690789287274916096 RG* 01 00 35.2335423098 -71 27 09.061180424           ~ 1 0
83 Gaia DR2 4690789282976329728 RG* 01 00 37.0835556937 -71 27 28.529688741           ~ 1 0
84 OGLE SMC-LPV-14366 RG* 01 00 37.4437483272 -71 28 27.096633372 19.84 18.35 16.77   15.29 ~ 3 0
85 2MASS J01003754-7126597 RG* 01 00 37.5208313376 -71 26 59.835892560 19.29 18.74 17.60   16.51 ~ 2 0
86 OGLE SMC-LPV-14370 RG* 01 00 37.7358412152 -71 27 45.374563584 19.70 18.36 16.72   15.29 ~ 3 0
87 Gaia DR3 4690789282976355968 RG* 01 00 38.4854814830 -71 26 47.655018555           ~ 1 0
88 2MASS J01003934-7130003 RG* 01 00 39.3131353968 -71 30 00.538253604 19.63 19.16 18.01   16.83 ~ 2 0
89 Gaia DR3 4690601335248403072 RG* 01 00 41.2459380530 -71 29 07.476850982           ~ 1 0
90 2MASS J01004579-7404589 RG* 01 00 45.8292879888 -74 04 59.007132660   19.31 18.13   17.19 ~ 2 0
91 2MASS J01004912-7126394 RG* 01 00 49.12704 -71 26 39.4188           ~ 1 0
92 Gaia DR3 4685610789379987712 RG* 01 00 51.7512036877 -74 05 42.322887871           ~ 1 0
93 2MASS J01005590-7405059 RG* 01 00 55.8825676512 -74 05 06.067130964 19.08 18.32 17.17   16.12 ~ 2 0
94 2MASS J01010051-7405127 RG* 01 01 00.5244070272 -74 05 12.712678368 18.53 17.97 16.84   15.73 ~ 2 0
95 OGLE SMC-LPV-14569 RG* 01 01 01.6323145512 -71 25 14.781431856 19.46 18.15 16.67   15.21 ~ 4 0
96 2MASS J01010231-7405209 RG* 01 01 02.31288 -74 05 20.9364           ~ 1 0
97 OGLE SMC-LPV-14584 RG* 01 01 03.2495741808 -74 04 43.498366860 19.76 18.30 16.72   15.37 ~ 3 0
98 HW 42 As* 01 01 08 -74 04.4           ~ 18 0
99 2MASS J01010877-7404150 RG* 01 01 08.7794170536 -74 04 14.931705576 18.75 18.41 17.47   16.61 ~ 2 0
100 OGLE SMC-LPV-14637 RG* 01 01 10.6813117416 -74 04 20.506857132 19.71 18.26 16.74   15.42 ~ 3 0
101 2MASS J01011284-7403176 RG* 01 01 12.8600336856 -74 03 17.688366288 19.65 18.81 17.51   16.39 ~ 2 0
102 OGLE SMC-LPV-14669 RG* 01 01 13.9596428424 -74 04 27.119519148 20.01 18.40 16.91   15.62 ~ 3 0
103 2MASS J01012012-7402331 RG* 01 01 20.127 -74 02 33.18 19.54 18.71 17.41   16.27 ~ 2 0
104 2MASS J01012032-7401551 RG* 01 01 20.3265192552 -74 01 55.140315420 19.47 18.57 17.36   16.23 ~ 2 0
105 2MASS J01012510-7406048 RG* 01 01 25.10616 -74 06 04.8852           ~ 1 0
106 2MASS J01013080-7403308 RG* 01 01 30.80880 -74 03 30.8268           ~ 1 0
107 2MASS J01013408-7402451 RG* 01 01 34.08528 -74 02 45.1788           ~ 1 0
108 2MASS J01013984-7403058 RG* 01 01 39.8506748928 -74 03 05.760980244 19.65 19.16 18.03   17.08 ~ 2 0
109 2MASS J01014169-7402116 RG* 01 01 41.693 -74 02 11.64 18.98 18.93 17.67   16.65 ~ 2 0
110 2MASS J01014638-7402223 RG* 01 01 46.38624 -74 02 22.3008           ~ 1 0
111 OGLE SMC-LPV-18295 RG* 01 12 41.3322034872 -73 07 42.029396076 20.16 18.61 17.01   15.33 ~ 3 0
112 Gaia DR3 4687180891983285248 RG* 01 12 43.9312006941 -73 04 52.646673470           ~ 1 0
113 2MASS J01124410-7307175 RG* 01 12 44.0900051784 -73 07 17.667724800 19.61 19.11 18.37   17.06 ~ 2 0
114 OGLE SMC-LPV-18316 RG* 01 12 46.5339896424 -73 07 21.427715316 19.97 18.44 17.07   15.43 ~ 3 0
115 2MASS J01124750-7308481 RG* 01 12 47.5131855000 -73 08 48.269273928 19.71 19.09 17.65   16.26 ~ 2 0
116 2MASS J01124860-7308154 RG* 01 12 48.60216 -73 08 15.4284           ~ 1 0
117 Gaia DR3 4687177696543267712 RG* 01 12 50.2323796332 -73 07 16.089662980           ~ 1 0
118 Gaia DR3 4687177696527224960 RG* 01 12 50.3797292300 -73 07 35.669874664           ~ 1 0
119 [RZ2005] 194 Cl* 01 12 51.74 -73 07 10.9 14.66 14.52 13.80   12.83 ~ 26 0
120 2MASS J01125414-7307074 RG* 01 12 54.14520 -73 07 07.4784           ~ 1 0
121 Gaia DR3 4687177803894294656 RG* 01 12 54.2968346171 -73 07 26.171756074           ~ 1 0
122 2MASS J01125606-7307028 RG* 01 12 56.0174717640 -73 07 03.191276352 19.24 18.58 17.59   16.32 ~ 2 0
123 2MASS J01125785-7306560 RG* 01 12 57.85632 -73 06 56.0232           ~ 1 0
124 2MASS J01130485-7304569 RG* 01 13 04.858 -73 04 56.96 17.36 17.61 17.15   16.45 ~ 2 0
125 Gaia DR3 4687177627807669632 RG* 01 13 08.5683137277 -73 06 40.873055407           ~ 1 0
126 2MASS J01130951-7306306 RG* 01 13 09.51696 -73 06 30.6756           ~ 1 0
127 2MASS J01131153-7305239 RG* 01 13 11.53416 -73 05 23.9028           ~ 1 0
128 Gaia DR3 4687178005764960640 RG* 01 13 22.0392278289 -73 05 58.066010587           ~ 1 0
129 2MASS J01132769-7308187 RG* 01 13 27.7203271896 -73 08 18.693374028   18.75 17.62   16.47 ~ 2 0
130 Gaia DR3 4687178315003025280 RG* 01 13 28.5298031054 -73 04 18.122805091           ~ 1 0
131 2MASS J01132935-7306197 RG* 01 13 29.3832253440 -73 06 19.806758316 19.18 18.47 17.32   16.06 ~ 2 0
132 2MASS J01133256-7306076 RG* 01 13 32.56824 -73 06 07.6032           ~ 1 0
133 DENIS J011340.8-730645 RG* 01 13 40.8791196287 -73 06 46.324987216         17.635 ~ 1 0
134 2MASS J01134297-7305502 RG* 01 13 42.97488 -73 05 50.2440           ~ 1 0
135 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
136 NAME Magellanic Bridge HI 03 11 -77.5           ~ 522 1
137 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
138 NAME Magellanic Leading Arm reg 11 26 -82.0           ~ 105 0

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