2022ApJ...925...36B


Query : 2022ApJ...925...36B

2022ApJ...925...36B - Astrophys. J., 925, 36-36 (2022/January-3)

Globular Cluster Intrinsic Iron Abundance Spreads. II. Protocluster Metallicities and the Age-Metallicity Relations of Milky Way Progenitors.

BAILIN J. and VON KLAR R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Intrinsic iron abundance spreads in globular clusters (GCs), although usually small, are very common, and are signatures of self-enrichment: some stars within the cluster have been enriched by supernova ejecta from other stars within the same cluster. We use the Bailin self-enrichment model to predict the relationship between properties of the protocluster-its mass and the metallicity of the protocluster gas cloud-and the final observable properties today-its current metallicity and the internal iron abundance spread. We apply this model to an updated catalog of Milky Way GCs where the initial mass and/or the iron abundance spread is known to reconstruct their initial metallicities. We find that with the exception of the known anomalous bulge cluster Terzan 5 and three clusters strongly suspected to be nuclear star clusters from stripped dwarf galaxies, the model provides a good lens for understanding their iron spreads and initial metallicities. We then use these initial metallicities to construct age-metallicity relations for kinematically identified major accretion events in the Milky Way's history. We find that using the initial metallicity instead of the current metallicity does not alter the overall picture of the Milky Way's history because the difference is usually small but does provide information that can help distinguish which accretion event some individual GCs with ambiguous kinematics should be associated with and points to potential complexity within the accretion events themselves.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Milky Way Galaxy - Globular star clusters - Milky Way formation

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/925/36): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 168

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Number of rows : 168
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 4158 0
2 Cl* NGC 288 ALC 260 RG* 00 52 41.1278269776 -26 33 27.013493592   15.213 11.380     ~ 32 0
3 NGC 288 GlC 00 52 45.24 -26 34 57.4   10 8.13     ~ 1130 0
4 Cl* NGC 362 TUC 215 RG* 01 03 07.7825635128 -70 49 46.495031340     12.94   11.55 ~ 17 0
5 NGC 362 GlC 01 03 14.26 -70 50 55.6     6.58     ~ 1167 0
6 NAME Whiting 1 GlC 02 02 56.8 -03 15 10           ~ 177 0
7 NGC 1261 GlC 03 12 16.21 -55 12 58.4     8.63     ~ 579 0
8 Cl Pal 1 GlC 03 33 20.04 +79 34 51.8   17.2       ~ 267 1
9 NAME E 1 GlC 03 55 02.5 -49 36 52           ~ 229 0
10 NAME Eridanus Star Cluster GlC 04 24 44.5 -21 11 13           ~ 192 1
11 Cl Pal 2 GlC 04 46 05.79720 +31 22 51.0170           ~ 202 0
12 NGC 1851 GlC 05 14 06.76 -40 02 47.6           ~ 1529 0
13 M 79 GlC 05 24 10.59 -24 31 27.3     8.16     ~ 883 0
14 NGC 2298 GlC 06 48 59.41 -36 00 19.1     8.89     ~ 547 0
15 NGC 2419 GlC 07 38 08.51 +38 52 54.9     10.05     ~ 998 0
16 NAME Pyxis Cluster GlC 09 07 57.80 -37 13 17.0           ~ 123 0
17 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1540 0
18 NAME E 3 GlC 09 20 57.07 -77 16 54.8           ~ 185 0
19 NAME Sextans C GlC 10 05 30.96 +00 04 15.4   15.5 13.9     ~ 354 1
20 NGC 3201 1312 RG* 10 17 25.8603946224 -46 26 20.971975236   13.548 11.784     ~ 28 0
21 NGC 3201 GlC 10 17 36.82 -46 24 44.9           ~ 1001 0
22 UCAC2 11968735 RG* 10 17 52.0521086664 -46 14 06.604172952   14.028 12.526 12.13 10.91 ~ 12 0
23 GCl 17 GlC 11 29 16.80 +28 58 25.0   14.4       ~ 379 1
24 NGC 4147 GlC 12 10 06.149 +18 32 31.78   11.45 10.74     ~ 616 0
25 NGC 4372 GlC 12 25 45.43 -72 39 32.7   10.86 9.85     ~ 327 0
26 Cl Ruprecht 106 GlC 12 38 40.20 -51 09 01.0           ~ 413 0
27 Cl* NGC 4590 HAR 1260 RG* 12 39 24.6556097478 -26 43 33.129429097   14.013 12.69   11.276 ~ 26 0
28 M 68 GlC 12 39 27.98 -26 44 38.6     7.96     ~ 1069 0
29 Cl* NGC 4590 ALC 45 RG* 12 39 39.8774378304 -26 47 22.126268904   14.604 12.447     ~ 10 0
30 NGC 4833 GlC 12 59 33.92 -70 52 35.4           ~ 467 0
31 M 53 GlC 13 12 55.25 +18 10 05.4     7.79     ~ 907 0
32 NGC 5053 GlC 13 16 27.09 +17 42 00.9     9.96     ~ 675 0
33 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
34 NGC 5272 621 RG* 13 42 09.1622022456 +28 25 40.210464936   15.2 14.14     ~ 12 0
35 M 3 GlC 13 42 11.62 +28 22 38.2     6.39     ~ 2593 0
36 NGC 5286 GlC 13 46 26.81 -51 22 27.3           ~ 485 0
37 C 1353-269 GlC 13 56 21.702 -27 10 03.00           ~ 146 0
38 NGC 5466 GlC 14 05 27.29 +28 32 04.0     9.70     ~ 887 0
39 NGC 5634 GlC 14 29 37.28 -05 58 35.1   10.69 10.05     ~ 333 0
40 NGC 5694 GlC 14 39 36.52 -26 32 18.0           ~ 323 0
41 IC 4499 GlC 15 00 18.57 -82 12 49.6     8.56     ~ 375 0
42 NGC 5824 GlC 15 03 58.612 -33 04 06.70   10.28 9.56     ~ 441 0
43 Cl Pal 5 GlC 15 16 05.30 -00 06 41.0   15.1       ~ 797 1
44 NGC 5897 GlC 15 17 24.40 -21 00 36.4   10.16 8.52     ~ 424 0
45 M 5 GlC 15 18 33.22 +02 04 51.7     5.95     ~ 2095 0
46 NGC 5927 GlC 15 28 00.69 -50 40 22.9           ~ 499 0
47 NGC 5946 GlC 15 35 28.58 -50 39 35.0           ~ 210 0
48 NGC 5986 GlC 15 46 03.00 -37 47 11.1     6.92     ~ 408 0
49 GCl 38 GlC 16 10 59.00 +14 57 42.0           ~ 399 0
50 Cl Lynga 7 OpC 16 11 03.65 -55 19 04.0           ~ 129 0
51 M 80 GlC 16 17 02.41 -22 58 33.9           ~ 780 0
52 Cl* NGC 6121 LEE 2117 RG* 16 22 40.7076769392 -26 31 17.843349576   14.59 13.25     ~ 9 0
53 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
54 NGC 6101 GlC 16 25 48.12 -72 12 07.9           ~ 337 0
55 NGC 6144 GlC 16 27 13.86 -26 01 24.6           ~ 268 0
56 NGC 6139 GlC 16 27 39.987 -38 50 57.03   11.03 9.68     ~ 231 0
57 ESO 390-6 GlC 16 28 40.10 -35 21 13.0     12.0     ~ 113 0
58 M 107 GlC 16 32 31.86 -13 03 13.6           ~ 835 0
59 2MASS J16324155-1302038 RG* 16 32 41.5535130240 -13 02 03.724654308   15.991 14.419     ~ 21 0
60 NGC 6205 79 RG* 16 41 24.5006885952 +36 29 37.852746900   15.07 14.18     ~ 20 0
61 NGC 6205 114 RG* 16 41 28.3661190048 +36 27 03.868185744   14.45 13.45     ~ 34 0
62 NGC 6205 261 RG* 16 41 34.7595031656 +36 27 59.516329536   13.50 12.17   10.79 ~ 44 0
63 M 13 GlC 16 41 41.634 +36 27 40.75     5.8     ~ 2291 0
64 NGC 6205 598 RG* 16 41 41.9443189176 +36 26 51.715259736   13.64 12.00     ~ 57 0
65 NGC 6205 954 RG* 16 41 50.2992880776 +36 24 15.542524512   13.63 12.09     ~ 68 0
66 NGC 6229 GlC 16 46 58.641 +47 31 36.38   9.38 9.86     ~ 397 0
67 M 12 GlC 16 47 14.18 -01 56 54.7     6.07     ~ 736 0
68 Cl* NGC 6218 KUST 401 RG* 16 47 24.1426154784 -01 52 52.495418568   13.74 12.22     ~ 16 0
69 NGC 6235 GlC 16 53 25.36 -22 10 38.8   11.99 7.20     ~ 208 0
70 M 10 GlC 16 57 09.05 -04 06 01.1     4.98     ~ 857 0
71 NGC 6254 3021 RG* 16 57 09.5277849336 -04 07 22.245629196   13.7386 12.0091   10.1823 ~ 31 0
72 NGC 6256 GlC 16 59 32.68 -37 07 17.1           ~ 182 0
73 GCl 50 GlC 16 59 51.1 -00 32 00   15.70       ~ 224 1
74 M 62 GlC 17 01 12.60 -30 06 44.5           ~ 668 0
75 M 19 GlC 17 02 37.69 -26 16 04.6   8.45 5.57     ~ 406 1
76 NGC 6284 GlC 17 04 28.747 -24 45 51.22   10.72 7.43     ~ 302 0
77 NGC 6287 GlC 17 05 09.4906767360 -22 42 28.099250172   11.49 10.30     ~ 240 0
78 NGC 6293 GlC 17 10 10.42 -26 34 54.2           ~ 309 0
79 NGC 6304 GlC 17 14 32.25 -29 27 43.3           ~ 394 0
80 NGC 6316 GlC 17 16 37.42 -28 08 24.0   10.33 9.03     ~ 247 0
81 NGC 6341 9049 RG* 17 17 00.4274196984 +43 05 11.581639476   14.74 13.85     ~ 33 0
82 M 92 GlC 17 17 07.39 +43 08 09.4     6.52     ~ 2240 0
83 NGC 6325 GlC 17 17 59.27 -23 45 57.7           ~ 190 0
84 M 9 GlC 17 19 11.78 -18 30 58.5   9.36 8.42     ~ 348 0
85 NGC 6342 GlC 17 21 10.14 -19 35 14.7     10.01     ~ 310 0
86 NGC 6356 GlC 17 23 34.99 -17 48 46.9   10.01 7.42     ~ 372 1
87 NGC 6355 GlC 17 23 58.65 -26 21 12.3   12.46 11.05     ~ 183 0
88 NGC 6352 GlC 17 25 29.11 -48 25 19.8           ~ 425 0
89 IC 1257 Bz? 17 27 06.00 -07 05 00.0           ~ 110 0
90 ESO 454-29 GlC 17 27 33.24 -30 48 07.8           ~ 278 0
91 NGC 6366 GlC 17 27 44.24 -05 04 47.5           ~ 344 0
92 GCl 66.1 GlC 17 30 38.90 -31 35 44.0           ~ 139 0
93 NAME Sequoia Cluster GlC 17 31 12.0 -39 48 30           ~ 154 0
94 NGC 6362 GlC 17 31 54.99 -67 02 54.0           ~ 637 0
95 Liller 1 Cl* 17 33 24.50 -33 23 20.0           ~ 311 0
96 NGC 6380 GlC 17 34 28.00 -39 04 09.0           ~ 175 0
97 ESO 455-23 GlC 17 35 47.80 -30 28 11.0           ~ 285 0
98 NAME Tonantzintla 2 GlC 17 36 10.500 -38 33 12.00           ~ 115 0
99 NGC 6388 GlC 17 36 17.461 -44 44 08.34           ~ 988 1
100 M 14 GlC 17 37 36.15 -03 14 45.3   9.55 5.73     ~ 420 0
101 NGC 6401 GlC 17 38 36.93 -23 54 31.5   11.31 10.71     ~ 203 0
102 NGC 6397 GlC 17 40 42.09 -53 40 27.6     5.17     ~ 2103 0
103 ESO 520-21 GlC 17 43 42.20 -26 13 21.0           ~ 211 0
104 NGC 6426 GlC 17 44 54.71 +03 10 12.5           ~ 244 0
105 NAME cl Djorgovski 1 GlC 17 47 28.30 -33 03 56.0           ~ 97 0
106 Cl Terzan 5 Cl* 17 48 05.00 -24 46 48.0           ~ 948 1
107 NGC 6440 GlC 17 48 52.67 -20 21 34.5           ~ 592 0
108 NGC 6441 GlC 17 50 13.06 -37 03 05.2           ~ 940 0
109 Cl Terzan 6 GlC 17 50 47.02873 -31 16 29.6900           ~ 214 0
110 NGC 6453 GlC 17 50 51.77 -34 35 55.1   10.49       ~ 189 0
111 NAME UKS 1 GlC 17 54 27.20 -24 08 43.0           ~ 118 0
112 NGC 6496 GlC 17 59 03.68 -44 15 57.4   9.96       ~ 251 0
113 GCl 80.1 GlC 18 01 38.80 -26 50 23.0           ~ 143 0
114 ESO 456-38 GlC 18 01 49.10 -27 49 33.0           ~ 120 0
115 NGC 6517 GlC 18 01 50.376 -08 57 34.39   11.08       ~ 215 0
116 ESO 521-16 GlC 18 02 57.40 -26 04 00.0           ~ 123 0
117 NGC 6522 GlC 18 03 34.08 -30 02 02.3           ~ 569 0
118 NGC 6535 GlC 18 03 50.51 -00 17 51.5     9.85     ~ 320 0
119 NGC 6528 GlC 18 04 49.61 -30 03 20.8   12.12 10.65     ~ 561 0
120 NGC 6539 GlC 18 04 49.74 -07 35 09.1           ~ 247 0
121 NGC 6540 GlC 18 06 08.60 -27 45 55.0           ~ 145 0
122 NGC 6544 GlC 18 07 20.58 -24 59 50.4   11.36 9.90     ~ 332 0
123 NGC 6541 GlC 18 08 02.36 -43 42 53.6           ~ 409 0
124 NGC 6553 GlC 18 09 15.68 -25 54 27.9   9.08       ~ 644 0
125 NGC 6558 GlC 18 10 17.6 -31 45 50           ~ 265 0
126 IC 1276 GlC 18 10 44.26 -07 12 27.3           ~ 146 0
127 ESO 522-1 GlC 18 12 15.80 -22 44 31.0     14.86     ~ 114 1
128 NGC 6569 GlC 18 13 38.88 -31 49 35.2   10.78 9.47     ~ 276 0
129 NGC 6584 GlC 18 18 37.60 -52 12 56.8     8.17     ~ 317 0
130 NGC 6624 GlC 18 23 40.51 -30 21 39.7           ~ 939 1
131 M 28 GlC 18 24 32.89 -24 52 11.4           ~ 821 0
132 NGC 6638 GlC 18 30 56.25 -25 29 47.1   10.81 9.68     ~ 258 0
133 M 69 GlC 18 31 23.10 -32 20 53.1           ~ 492 0
134 NGC 6642 GlC 18 31 54.23 -23 28 34.1   11.30 10.24     ~ 240 0
135 NGC 6652 GlC 18 35 45.63 -32 59 26.6           ~ 474 0
136 M 22 GlC 18 36 23.94 -23 54 17.1           ~ 1459 0
137 ESO 591-12 GlC 18 41 29.90 -19 49 33.0           ~ 130 0
138 M 70 GlC 18 43 12.76 -32 17 31.6           ~ 421 0
139 NGC 6712 GlC 18 53 04.32 -08 42 21.5           ~ 550 0
140 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1164 0
141 NGC 6717 GlC 18 55 06.04 -22 42 05.3           ~ 273 0
142 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
143 NGC 6723 GlC 18 59 33.15 -36 37 56.1           ~ 543 0
144 NGC 6749 OpC 19 05 15.36 +01 54 00.0     12.4     ~ 178 0
145 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2121 0
146 NGC 6760 GlC 19 11 12.06 +01 01 49.7   11.37 9.78     ~ 264 0
147 M 56 GlC 19 16 35.57 +30 11 00.5           ~ 455 0
148 Cl Terzan 7 GlC 19 17 43.92 -34 39 27.8           ~ 460 0
149 GCl 111 GlC 19 18 02.10 +18 34 18.0           ~ 138 0
150 Cl Arp 2 GlC 19 28 44.11 -30 21 20.3     12.41     ~ 384 0
151 NGC 6809 2406 RG* 19 39 49.8367736184 -30 57 24.024704508   13.80 12.51 12.45   ~ 8 0
152 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 913 0
153 Cl Terzan 8 GlC 19 41 44.41 -33 59 58.1     11.54     ~ 357 0
154 GCl 114 GlC 19 45 14.40 -08 00 26.0     7.54     ~ 165 0
155 M 71 GlC 19 53 46.49 +18 46 45.1           ~ 1190 0
156 NGC 6838 1045 RG* 19 53 48.2738208408 +18 48 02.321225604   14.080 12.346   10.657 ~ 58 0
157 M 75 GlC 20 06 04.841 -21 55 20.14     8.26     ~ 394 0
158 NGC 6934 GlC 20 34 11.37 +07 24 16.1           ~ 459 0
159 M 72 GlC 20 53 27.70 -12 32 14.3     8.96     ~ 465 0
160 NGC 7006 GlC 21 01 29.465 +16 11 16.49     10.46     ~ 562 0
161 M 15 GlC 21 29 58.33 +12 10 01.2           ~ 3274 0
162 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1114 1
163 M 30 GlC 21 40 22.12 -23 10 47.5     7.10     ~ 1121 0
164 Cl Pal 12 GlC 21 46 38.84 -21 15 09.4     11.89     ~ 548 0
165 GCl 124 GlC 23 06 44.48 +12 46 19.2   15.6       ~ 307 1
166 NGC 7492 GlC 23 08 26.68 -15 36 41.3     10.48     ~ 330 0
167 NAME Gaia Enceladus-Sausage St* ~ ~           ~ 860 0
168 NAME Helmi Stream St* ~ ~           ~ 144 0

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